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Most of the figures and tables are based on a data set that the Congressional Budget Office constructed from the semiannual reports made by signatories to the Antidumping Code of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and, subsequently, of the World Trade Organization. That data set is referred to as the GATT/WTO data set. Numbers in the text and tables may not add up to totals because of rounding. |
Antidumping law and policy are recurring subjects of debate in the Congress and in international trade negotiations. At the request of the Subcommittee on Trade of the House Committee on Ways and Means, this Congressional Budget Office (CBO) paper updates a June 1998 analysis examining international data on antidumping activity to determine trends, compare U.S. activity with that of other countries, and study claims made by various participants in the debate over U.S. policy. The June 1998 paper covered data through the end of 1995. The current paper updates the analysis through the end of 1999. In the case of the United States, the analysis includes the large number of terminations of antidumping orders that occurred on January 1, 2000, as a result of sunset reviews over the previous year and a half.
The paper was written by Bruce Arnold under the supervision of Roger Hitchner and David Moore. It benefits from helpful comments received on earlier drafts from Arlene Holen and Robert Murphy within CBO, and from J. Michael Finger of the American Enterprise Institute.
Leah Mazade edited the manuscript, and Christine Bogusz proofread it. Rae Wiseman prepared the paper for publication, and Lenny Skutnik produced the printed copies. Annette Kalicki prepared the figures and the electronic versions for CBO's Web site.
Dan L. Crippen
Director
June 2001
TWO - THE GATT/WTO DATA AND STATISTICS: THEIR LIMITATIONS AND SOME NOTES ON PRESENTATION
THREE - THE PREVALENCE OF ANTIDUMPING ACTION
FOUR - THE MAGNITUDE AND DURATION OF ANTIDUMPING PROTECTION
FIVE - ANTIDUMPING ACTIVITY BY AND AGAINST THE UNITED STATES
APPENDIXES
A - COMPLETENESS OF COVERAGE OF THE GATT/WTO DATA SET
B - STATISTICAL TABLES
| TABLES | |
| 1. | Number of Antidumping Measures Maintained By and Against the United States on December 31, 1994 |
| 2. | Number of Antidumping Measures Maintained By and Against the United States on December 31, 1999, and January 1, 2000 |
| 3. | Average Initial Rates of Antidumping Duties Imposed by the United States, at Five- and Three-Year Intervals |
| 4. | Ranking of Countries by Number of Active Antidumping Measures Maintained Against Them by the United States |
| 5. | Ranking of Countries by Number of Active Antidumping Measures They Maintain Against the United States |
| 6. | Ranking of Countries by Number of Active Antidumping Measures They Maintain Against the United States per $10 Billion of U.S. Exports |
| A-1. | Countries Filing Semiannual Reports for Various Reporting Periods |
| A-2. | Countries That Had Never Filed a Semiannual Report as of December 31, 1999 |
| A-3. | Percentage of U.S. Exports Going to Countries Reporting Case Data |
| B-1. | Ranking of Countries by Average Number of Antidumping Case Initiations per Year |
| B-2. | Ranking of Countries by Average Number of New Antidumping Measures Imposed per Year |
| B-3. | Ranking of Countries by Number of Active Antidumping Measures |
| B-4. | Ranking of Countries by Initial Antidumping Duty Rates Imposed |
| B-5. | Detailed Statistics on U.S. Initial Definitive Duty Rates, 07/01/79-12/31/99 |
| B-6. | Duration to Date of Active Antidumping Measures on December 31, 1994 |
| B-7. | Duration to Date of Active Antidumping Measures on December 31, 1999 (January 1, 2000) |
| B-8a. | Antidumping Cases Initiated Against All Other Countries by Various Industrialized Countries |
| B-8b. | Antidumping Cases Initiated Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in North America and the West Indies |
| B-8c. | Antidumping Cases Initiated Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in South America |
| B-8d. | Antidumping Cases Initiated Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Asia and the South Pacific |
| B-8e. | Antidumping Cases Initiated Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Europe |
| B-8f. | Antidumping Cases Initiated Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Africa |
| B-9a. | New Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Industrialized Countries |
| B-9b. | New Antidumping Measures Against All other Countries by Various Developing Countries in North America and the West Indies |
| B-9c. | New Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in South America |
| B-9d. | New Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Asia and the South Pacific |
| B-9e. | New Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Europe |
| B-9f. | New Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Africa |
| B-10a. | Terminations of Active Antidumping Measures by Industrialized Countries |
| B-10b. | Terminations of Active Antidumping Measures by Developing Countries in North America and the West Indies |
| B-10c. | Terminations of Active Antidumping Measures by Developing Countries in South America |
| B-10d. | Terminations of Active Antidumping Measures by Developing Countries in Asia and the South Pacific |
| B-10e. | Terminations of Active Antidumping Measures by Developing Countries in Europe |
| B-10f. | Terminations of Active Antidumping Measures by Developing Countries in Africa |
| B-11a. | Active Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Industrialized Countries |
| B-11b. | Active Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in North America and the Caribbean |
| B-11c. | Active Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in South America |
| B-11d. | Active Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Asia and the South Pacific |
| B-11e. | Active Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Europe |
| B-11f. | Active Antidumping Measures Against All Other Countries by Various Developing Countries in Africa |
| B-12a. | Active Antidumping Measures Against the United States by Various Industrialized Countries |
| B-12b. | Active Antidumping Measures Against the United States by Various Developing Countries in North America and the West Indies |
| B-12c. | Active Antidumping Measures Against the United States by Various Developing Countries in South America |
| B-12d. | Active Antidumping Measures Against the United States by Various Developing Countries in Asia and the South Pacific |
| B-12e. | Active Antidumping Measures Against the United States by Various Developing Countries in Europe and Africa |
| FIGURES | |
| 1. | Ranking of Countries by Average Number of Antidumping Case Initiations per Year |
| 2. | Ranking of Countries by Average Number of New Antidumping Measures Imposed per Year |
| 3. | Ranking of Countries by Number of Active Antidumping Measures |
| 4. | Ranking of Countries by Mean Initial Duty Rate Imposed |
| 5. | Ranking of Countries by Median Initial Duty Rate Imposed |
| 6. | Ranking of Countries by Mean Duration to Date of Active Antidumping Measures |
| 7. | Ranking of Countries by Median Duration to Date of Active Antidumping Measures |
| A-1. | Percentage of U.S. Exports Going to Countries Filing GATT/WTO Reports |
| BOX | |
| 1. | The GATT/WTO Reports |
