Reducing Pain and Distress | Animal Welfare Information Center | NAL

Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000

Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

These proceedings address the existing and proposed requirements for reporting pain and distress in laboratory animals and explored USDA's consideration of a proposed "working definition" of distress. It also discusses the pain and distress categorization scheme for reporting to USDA.

Pain Management and Humane Endpoints Meeting

The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing.

From a CAAT, NIH, NAS conference held in November 1998. Topics include philosophy, assessment, alleviation, and policies for the regulation of pain.

Refinement of Animal Use - Assessment and Alleviation of Pain and Distress ( pdf | 2.45 MB )

International Journal of Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare.

A review article on methods of clinical pain assessment in animals, including a discussion of pain alleviation techniques.

Expert Working Group on Severity Classification of Scientific Procedures Performed on Animals: Final Report ( pdf | 190 KB )

European Commission. Expert Working Group on Severity Classification Criteria.

Provide scientific-technical background information in support of the revision of the European Commission Directive 86/609/EEC on the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes.

Animals and Pain

International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management.

This organization's web site provides a list of signs, causes and treatment of pain in many animal species.

Guidelines to Promote the Wellbeing of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes: The Assessment and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Research Animals

Australian Government. National Health and Medical Research Council.

Published in 2008 to be used by investigators and members of institutional ethics committees in Australia, this document is also relevant to people that conduct, review or manage research with animals all over the world.