National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research.
This provides a discussion on the approach for toxicological assessment of monoclonal antibody biosimilars.
Non-Animal Methods
University of Oxford, Computational Cardiovascular Science.
A Systems Medicine approach to the investigation of drug-induced effects on the human heart using computational modelling and simulation combined with experimental and clinical investigation.
University of Oxford, Computational Cardiovascular Science.
Computational modelling tools that fully analyze experimental and clinical findings that enables the investigation of cellular processes and cardiac arrhythmias.
Royal Society of Chemistry.
A summary of trends in development and adoption of in vitro alternatives to animal testing in pharmaceutical drug development.
European Commission and European Cosmetics Association
A collaborative project that aims to develop a 2D-bioreactor and a 3D liver-simulating device that mimics the human liver that can provide clinically relevant information on drug and chemical clearance and toxicity.