Abstract
America has an abundance of natural resources. We have
bountiful clean water, fertile soil, and unrivaled national parks,
wildlife refuges, and public lands. These resources enrich our
lives and preserve our health and wellbeing. These resources
have been maintained because of our history of respect for
their value and an enduring commitment to their vigilant protection.
Awareness of the social, economic, and personal value
of the health of our environment is increasing. The emergence
of environmentally driven diseases caused by exposure to
contaminants and pathogens is a growing concern worldwide.
New health threats and patterns of established threats are
affected by both natural and anthropogenic changes to the
environment. Human activities are key drivers of emerging
(new and re-emerging) health threats. Societal demands for
land and natural resources, quality of life, and economic prosperity
lead to environmental change. Natural earth processes,
climate trends, and related climatic events will compound the
environmental impact of human activities. These environmental
drivers will influence exposure to disease agents, including
viral, bacterial, prion, and fungal pathogens, parasites,
synthetic chemicals and substances, natural earth materials,
toxins, and other biogenic compounds.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) defines environmental
health science broadly as the interdisciplinary study
of relations among the quality of the physical environment,
the health of the living environment, and human health. The
interactions among these three spheres are driven by human
activities, ecological processes, and natural earth processes;
the interactions affect exposure to contaminants and pathogens
and the severity of environmentally driven diseases in animals
and people. This definition provides USGS with a framework
for synthesizing natural science information from across the
Bureau and providing it to environmental, natural resource,
agricultural, and public health managers.
USGS specializes in science at the environment-health
interface, by characterizing the processes that affect the
interaction among the physical environment, the living
environment, and people, and the resulting factors that affect
ecological and human exposure to disease agents. The USGS
is a Federal science agency with a broad range of natural
science expertise relevant to environmental health. USGS
provides scientific information and tools as a scientific basis
for management and policy decisionmaking.
This report describes a 10-year strategy that encompasses
the portfolio of USGS environmental health science. It summarizes
national environmental health priorities that USGS is
best suited to address, and will serve as a strategic framework
for USGS environmental health science goals, actions, and
outcomes for the next decade. Implementation of this strategy
is intended to aid coordination of USGS environmental health
activities and to provide a focal point for disseminating information
to stakeholders.
The “One Health” paradigm advocated by the World
Health Organization (WHO; World Health Organization,
2011), and the American Veterinary Medical Association
(AVMA; American Veterinary Medical Association, 2008),
among others, is based on a general recognition that the health
of humans, animals, and the environment are inextricably
linked. Thus, successful efforts to protect that health will
require increased interdisciplinary research and increased
communication and collaboration among the broader scientific
and health community. This strategy is built upon that
paradigm.