Patient Safety Atlas

Please see the Current HAI Progress Report page.

CDC’s AR Data provides open and interactive data about HAIs caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, which are reported to CDC through the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). AR Data includes 2011-2014 data reported to CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network.

The data are from 4,403 facilities that reported at least one HAI to NHSN, including:

• 3,676 acute care hospitals
• 506 long-term acute care hospitals
• 221 inpatient rehabilitation facilities

Due to insufficient data, long-term care and skilled nursing facilities are not included at this time.

The data shown in AR Data were gathered after one of three key types of infections occurred in the hospital:

• Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)
• Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)
• Surgical site infections (SSI)
  • At the national level, SSI data reflect all types of SSIs (superficial, deep, and organ/space) that occurred following any of the 39 NHSN inpatient procedures and were performed between 2011-2014.

AR Data includes resistance data for 31 bug-drug profiles (or phenotypes, pathogen-antibiotic combinations that are used to describe the bacteria’s resistance to a specific drug(s)). These phenotypes include:

• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
• Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

For a full list of pathogen-drug combinations, read the Phenotype Definitions [PDF – 5 pages] document available in the “About the Data” section of the PSA.

To read how the data were gathered and limitations of the data, please read the Methodology [PDF – 4 pages] document available in the “About the Data” section of the PSA. AR Data helps inform, but does not replace, national estimates of cases of infection in the U.S. reported by CDC in the Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013 (AR Threat Report). The AR Threat Report published in 2013 used NHSN data from 2010-2012 in combination with other national surveillance and prevalence survey data to extrapolate estimates. CDC will perform such extrapolations periodically to update the AR Threat Report, which will remain a separate initiative from the PSA.

Additional Resources

• Resistance Map and Data from Europe
• Antibiotic Resistance
• Healthcare-Associated Infections
• National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)
• NARMS Now: Human Data

Inpatient Antibiotic Stewardship Data

Description: Data on inpatient antibiotic stewardship practices in U.S. acute care hospitals.

Dates: 2014-2016 (updated November 2017)

Source: CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)

Reporting events:

Data is gathered on the 7 Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs.

1. Leadership Commitment: Dedicating necessary human, financial and IT resources.
2. Accountability: Appointing a single leader responsible for program outcomes.
3. Drug Expertise: Appointing a single pharmacist leader responsible for working to improve antibiotic use.
4. Action: Implementing at least one recommended action.
5. Tracking: Monitoring antibiotic prescribing and resistance patterns.
6. Reporting: Regular reporting information on antibiotic use and resistance to doctors, nurses and relevant staff.
7. Education: Educating clinicians about resistance and optimal prescribing.

View outpatient antibiotic prescription data from QuintilesIMS (formerly IMS Health) Xponent data and U.S. Census files in an interactive database.

Outpatient Antibiotic Use Data 2011-2015

Description: Data on oral antibiotic prescriptions dispensed to outpatients in U.S. community pharmacies.

Dates: 2011-2015 (updated October 2017)

Source: Xponent database from QuintilesIMS (Danbury, Connecticut).

Reporting facilities:

• Community pharmacies
• Mail-order pharmacies

Federal healthcare facilities and pharmacies were not included.

Reported antibiotic classes:

The national data includes 10 antibiotic classes; the state data includes 4 common antibiotic classes such as:

• Penicillins (e.g., amoxicillin)
• Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)
• Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)