Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network

The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is a group of programs funded by CDC to estimate the number of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities living in different areas of the United States. The ADDM Network sites all collect data using the same methods, which are modeled after CDC’s Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program (MADDSP).

ADDM Network goals are to:

• Describe the population of children with ASD,
• Compare how common ASD is in different areas of the country,
• Identify changes in ASD occurrence over time, and
• Understand the impact of ASD and related conditions in US communities.

ADDM Network fact sheet

What We’ve Learned

CDC estimates that about 1 in 59 children has been identified with ASD (or 16.8 per 1,000 8-year-olds). These estimates from the ADDM Network are based on data collected from health and special education records of children living in 11 communities across the United States during 2014. These 11 communities comprised 8% of the United States population of 8-year-olds in 2014. Information was collected on children who were 8 years old because previous work has shown that, by this age, most children with ASD have been identified for services.

In 2007, CDC’s ADDM Network first reported that about 1 in 150 children had ASD (based on 2002 data from 14 communities). Then, in 2009, the ADDM Network reported that 1 in 110 children had ASD (based on 2006 data from 11 communities). And, in 2012, the ADDM Network reported that 1 in 88 children had ASD (based on 2008 data from 14 communities). In 2014, the ADDM Network reported that about 1 in 68 children had ASD (based on 2010 data from 11 communities). In 2016, the ADDM Network reported that about 1 in 69 children had ASD (based on 2012 data from 11 communities).

Here are some other key findings from our most recent report:

• The percentage of children identified with ASD varied widely among the 11 communities in this report, although five of them reported similar estimates of 1.3 percent to 1.4 percent. The highest prevalence estimate of 2.9 percent came from a community in New Jersey.
• Boys were 4 times were more likely to be identified with ASD than girls.
• While a higher percentage of white children were identified with autism compared to black children, and even more so compared to Hispanic children, these disparities were smaller when compared with estimates from previous years.
• Among children identified with ASD who had IQ scores available, nearly a third (31%) also had intellectual disability.
• About 42% of children identified with ASD were evaluated for developmental concerns by age 3 years. This percentage is lower than the goal set by Healthy People 2020 that 47% of children with ASD have a first evaluation by age 3 years.
• Even though ASD can be diagnosed as early as age 2 years, most children were not diagnosed with ASD by a community provider until after age 4 years.
• Recent changes in the clinical definition of autism had little impact on the percentage of school-aged children identified as having ASD.

Article: Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014
Community Report: 2018 Community Report from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network

Article: Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years – Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 sites, United States, 2012
Community Report: 2016 Community Report from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network

Current ADDM Network Activities

• In January 2015, CDC launched a 4th phase of funding for the ADDM Network. Read the announcement for more information.
• Currently, CDC funds 10 ADDM Network sites (plus MADDSP, which is the ADDM Network site administered by CDC).
• All 11 sites track ASD among 8-year-old children. Six sites also track ASD among 4-year-old children. Tracking among 4-year-old children increases our understanding of the characteristics and early identification of younger children with ASD.
• ADDM Network sites also track the prevalence of other developmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy and intellectual disability.
• In addition to tracking, sites also conduct analyses of the data to better understand changes over time in the number of children identified with ASD, and carry out education and outreach activities in their local communities.

Read about the work taking place at each site by clicking one of the following links:

ADDM Fact Sheet

Previous ADDM Network Activities

Read about the work at former ADDM Network sites by clicking one of the following links:

• Alabama
• Florida
• Pennsylvania
• South Carolina
• Utah

ADDM Network Publications

To find ADDM publications related to ASD, visit our Autism Articles page. To find ADDM publications related to other developmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy, visit our Developmental Disabilities Articles page.