Current Issue
CDC Science Clips: Volume 13, Issue 2, January 11, 2021
Science Clips is produced weekly to enhance awareness of emerging scientific knowledge for the public health community. Each article features an Altmetric Attention scoreexternal icon to track social and mainstream media mentions.
The report consists of these components:
- CDC Authored Publications
The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.
Articles published in the past 6-8 weeks authored by CDC or ATSDR staff.- Chronic Diseases and Conditions
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Trends in short-term survival from distant-stage cutaneous melanoma in the United States, 2001-2013 (CONCORD-3)external icon
Di Carlo V, Estève J, Johnson C, Girardi F, Weir HK, Wilson RJ, Minicozzi P, Cress RD, Lynch CF, Pawlish KS, Rees JR, Coleman MP, Allemani C.
JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020 Dec;4(6):pkaa078. -
Major depression and adverse patient-reported outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a prospective longitudinal cohortexternal icon
Dietz B, Katz P, Dall'Era M, Murphy LB, Lanata C, Trupin L, Criswell LA, Yazdany J.
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Jan;73(1):48-54. -
An ounce of prevention is still worth a pound of cure, especially in the time of COVID-19external icon
Hacker KA, Briss PA.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2021 Jan 7;18:E03. -
Predicted heart age among cancer survivors - United States, 2013-2017external icon
Scott LC, Yang Q, Dowling NF, Richardson LC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jan 8;70(1):1-6.
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- Communicable Diseases
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SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among healthcare, first response, and public safety personnel, Detroit Metropolitan Area, Michigan, USA, May-June 2020external icon
Akinbami LJ, Vuong N, Petersen LR, Sami S, Patel A, Lukacs SL, Mackey L, Grohskopf LA, Shehu A, Atas J.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;26(12):2863-2871. -
Detection of norovirus variant GII.4 Hong Kong in Asia and Europe, 2017-2019external icon
Chan MC, Roy S, Bonifacio J, Zhang LY, Chhabra P, Chan JC, Celma C, Igoy MA, Lau SL, Mohammad KN, Vinjé J, Vennema H, Breuer J, Koopmans M, de Graaf M.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;27(1):289-293. -
Estimate of burden and direct healthcare cost of infectious waterborne disease in the United Statesexternal icon
Collier SA, Deng L, Adam EA, Benedict KM, Beshearse EM, Blackstock AJ, Bruce BB, Derado G, Edens C, Fullerton KE, Gargano JW, Geissler AL, Hall AJ, Havelaar AH, Hill VR, Hoekstra RM, Reddy SC, Scallan E, Stokes EK, Yoder JS, Beach MJ.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;27(1):140-149. -
Symptoms and recovery among adult outpatients with and without COVID-19 at 11 healthcare facilities - July 2020, United Statesexternal icon
Fisher KA, Olson SM, Tenforde MW, Self WH, Wu M, Lindsell CJ, Shapiro NI, Files DC, Gibbs KW, Erickson HL, Prekker ME, Steingrub JS, Exline MC, Henning DJ, Wilson JG, Brown SM, Peltan ID, Rice TW, Hager DN, Ginde AA, Talbot HK, Casey JD, Grijalva CG, Flannery B, Patel MM, Feldstein LR.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2021 Jan 6. -
Novel 6-month treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis, United Statesexternal icon
Haley CA, Macias P, Jasuja S, Jones BA, Rowlinson MC, Jaimon R, Onderko P, Darnall E, Gomez ME, Peloquin C, Ashkin D, Goswami ND.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;27(1):332-4. -
Maintaining ART services during COVID-19 border closures: lessons learned in Namibiaexternal icon
Hans L, Hong SY, Ashipala LS, Bikinesi L, Hamunime N, Kamangu JW, Hatutale EJ, Dziuban EJ.
Lancet HIV. 2021 Jan;8(1):e7. -
SARS-CoV-2 transmission from people without COVID-19 symptomsexternal icon
Johansson MA, Quandelacy TM, Kada S, Prasad PV, Steele M, Brooks JT, Slayton RB, Biggerstaff M, Butler JC.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jan 4;4(1):e2035057. -
Pilot study of markers for high-grade anal dysplasia in a southern cohort from the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Studyexternal icon
Lahiri CD, Nguyen ML, Mehta CC, Mosunjac M, Tadros T, Unger ER, Rajeevan MS, Richards J, Ofotokun I, Flowers L.
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 3;70(6):1121-1128. -
Opening of large institutions of higher education and county-level COVID-19 incidence - United States, July 6-September 17, 2020external icon
Leidner AJ, Barry V, Bowen VB, Silver R, Musial T, Kang GJ, Ritchey MD, Fletcher K, Barrios L, Pevzner E.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jan 8;70(1):14-19. -
Efficacy of face masks, neck gaiters and face shields for reducing the expulsion of simulated cough-generated aerosolsexternal icon
Lindsley WG, Blachere FM, Law BF, Beezhold DH, Noti JD.
Aerosol Sci Tech. 2020 Dec:[Epub ahead of print]. -
Change in condom use in populations newly aware of HIV diagnosis in the United States and Canada: A systematic review and meta-analysisexternal icon
Malekinejad M, Blodgett J, Horvath H, Parriott A, Hutchinson AB, Shrestha RK, McCabe D, Volberding P, Kahn JG.
AIDS Behav. 2021 Jan 2. -
Prevalence and trends in HIV infection and testing among adults in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999-2018external icon
McQuillan GM, Kruszon-Moran D, Gu Q, Masciotra S, Storandt R.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 Dec 30;Publish Ahead of Print. -
HIV criminalisation laws and ending the US HIV epidemicexternal icon
Mermin J, Valentine SS, McCray E.
Lancet HIV. 2021 Jan;8(1):e4-e6. -
Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and antenatal care (ANC) clinics in Malawi: effective platforms for improving engagement of men at high HIV risk with voluntary medical male circumcision servicesexternal icon
Msungama W, Menego G, Shaba F, Flowers N, Habel M, Bonongwe A, Banda M, Shire S, Maida A, Auld A, Phiri SJ, Dumbani K, Buono N, Luhanga M, Kapito M, Gibson H, Laube C, Toledo C, Kim E, Davis SM.
Sex Transm Infect. 2021 Jan 4. -
HIV testing, diagnosis of HIV infection, linkage to medical care, and interview for partner services among transgender persons - United States, 2012-2017external icon
Mulatu MS, Wang G, Song W, Keatley J, Kudon HZ, Wan C, Rao S.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 Dec 24;Publish Ahead of Print. -
Sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States: Understanding the needs of patients and the capabilities of providersexternal icon
Pearson WS, Kumar S, Habel MA, Walsh S, Meit M, Barrow RY, Weiss G, Gift TL.
Prev Med. 2020 Dec 31:106411. -
Change in plasma cryptococcal antigen titer is not associated with survival among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons receiving preemptive therapy for asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemiaexternal icon
Pullen MF, Kakooza F, Nalintya E, Kiragga AN, Morawski BM, Rajasingham R, Mubiru A, Manabe YC, Kaplan JE, Meya DB, Boulware DR.
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 2;70(2):353-355. -
Etiology of severe acute respiratory infections, Bangladesh, 2017external icon
Rahaman MR, Alroy KA, Van Beneden CA, Friedman MS, Kennedy ED, Rahman M, Balajee A, Muraduzzaman AK, Shirin T, Flora MS, Azziz-Baumgartner E.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;27(1):324-326. -
Participation in fraternity and sorority activities and the spread of COVID-19 among residential university communities - Arkansas, August 21-September 5, 2020external icon
Vang KE, Krow-Lucal ER, James AE, Cima MJ, Kothari A, Zohoori N, Porter A, Campbell EM.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jan 8;70(1):20-23.
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- Environmental Health
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A methodology for classifying root causes of outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease: Deficiencies in environmental control and water managementexternal icon
Clopper BR, Kunz JM, Salandy SW, Smith JC, Hubbard BC, Sarisky JP.
Microorganisms. 2021 Jan 1;9(1). -
Characterization of US population levels of urinary methylcarbamoyl mercapturic acid, a metabolite of N,N-dimethylformamide and methyl isocyanate, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 and 2011-2016external icon
Kenwood BM, Bagchi P, Zhang L, Zhu W, Chambers DM, Blount BC, De Jesús VR.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jan 4. -
Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in association with autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES studyexternal icon
Oh J, Bennett DH, Calafat AM, Tancredi D, Roa DL, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Shin HM.
Environ Int. 2020 Dec 30;147:106328. -
PFAS and cancer, a scoping review of the epidemiologic evidenceexternal icon
Steenland K, Winquist A.
Environ Res. 2020 Dec 29:110690.
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- Food Safety
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Foods implicated in U.S. outbreaks differ from the types most commonly consumedexternal icon
Richardson LC, Cole D, Hoekstra RM, Rajasingham A, Johnson SD, Bruce B.
J Food Prot. 2021 Jan 7.
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- Genetics and Genomics
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Characterization of reference materials for spinal muscular atrophy genetic testing: A Genetic Testing Reference Materials Coordination Program Collaborative Projectexternal icon
Prior TW, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Lynnes TC, Mao R, Metcalf JD, Muralidharan K, Iwata-Otsubo A, Pham HT, Pratt VM, Qureshi S, Requesens D, Shen J, Vetrini F, Kalman L.
J Mol Diagn. 2021 Jan;23(1):103-110. -
Preadaptation of pandemic GII.4 noroviruses in unsampled virus reservoirs years before emergenceexternal icon
Ruis C, Lindesmith LC, Mallory ML, Brewer-Jensen PD, Bryant JM, Costantini V, Monit C, Vinjé J, Baric RS, Goldstein RA, Breuer J.
Virus Evol. 2020 Jul;6(2):veaa067.
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- Health Disparities
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Critical elements of community engagement to address disparities and related social determinants of health: The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention Community Approaches to Reducing Sexually Transmitted Disease Initiativeexternal icon
Rhodes SD, Daniel-Ulloa J, Wright SS, Mann-Jackson L, Johnson DB, Hayes NA, Valentine JA.
Sex Transm Dis. 2021 Jan;48(1):49-55.
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- Health Economics
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U.S. trade indicators and epidemics: Lessons from the 2003 SARS outbreakexternal icon
Kostova D, Cherukupalli R, Ochieng W, Redd JT.
Econ Bull. 2020 ;40(4):2610-2618. -
Noncommunicable disease outcomes and the effects of vertical and horizontal health aidexternal icon
Kostova D, Nugent R, Richter P.
Econ Hum Biol. 2020 Nov 18;41:100935. -
Employment after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment among women in the Sister and the Two Sister Studiesexternal icon
Peipins LA, Dasari S, Rodriguez JL, White MC, Hodgson ME, Sandler DP.
J Occup Rehabil. 2021 Jan 2. -
The impact of dental insurance and medical insurance on dental care utilization during pregnancyexternal icon
Robison V, Bauman B, D'Angelo DV, Espinoza L, Thornton-Evans G, Lin M.
Matern Child Health J. 2021 Jan 2.
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- Healthcare Associated Infections
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Modeling Infectious Diseases in Healthcare Network (MInD-Healthcare) framework for describing and reporting multidrug-resistant organism and healthcare-associated infections agent-based modeling methodsexternal icon
Slayton RB, O'Hagan JJ, Barnes S, Rhea S, Hilscher R, Rubin M, Lofgren E, Singh B, Segre A, Paul P.
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 3;71(9):2527-2532. -
Acquisition and long-term carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms in US international travelersexternal icon
Worby CJ, Earl AM, Turbett SE, Becker M, Rao SR, Oliver E, Taylor Walker A, Walters M, Kelly P, Leung DT, Knouse M, Hagmann SH, Ryan ET, LaRocque RC.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;7(12):ofaa543.
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- Immunity and Immunization
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Effectiveness of influenza vaccine for preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations in immunocompromised adultsexternal icon
Hughes K, Middleton DB, Nowalk MP, Balasubramani GK, Martin ET, Gaglani M, Talbot HK, Patel MM, Ferdinands JM, Zimmerman RK, Silveira FP.
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 3. -
The importance of seasonal influenza vaccination for people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemicexternal icon
Peacock G, Ryerson AB, Koppaka R, Tschida J.
Disabil Health J. 2020 Dec 24:101058.
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- Informatics
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Towards unified data exchange formats for reporting molecular drug susceptibility testingexternal icon
Bonney W, Price SF, Abhyankar S, Merrick R, Hampole V, Halse TA, DiDonato C, Dalton T, Metchock B, Starks AM, Miramontes R.
Online J Public Health Inform. 2020 ;12(2):e14. -
Pursuing data modernization in cancer surveillance by developing a cloud-based computing platform: Real-time cancer case collectionexternal icon
Jones DE, Alimi TO, Pordell P, Tangka FK, Blumenthal W, Jones SF, Rogers JD, Benard VB, Richardson LC.
JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2021 Jan;5:24-29. -
Using mobile phone data collection tool, surveda, for noncommunicable disease surveillance in five low- and middle-income countriesexternal icon
Song Y, Phadnis R, Favaloro J, Lee J, Lau CQ, Moreira M, Marks L, Isaía MG, Kim J, Lea V.
Online J Public Health Inform. 2020 ;12(2):e13.
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- Laboratory Sciences
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The path to the standardization of PTH: Is this a realistic possibility? A position paper of the IFCC C-BMexternal icon
Cavalier E, Vasikaran S, Bhattoa HP, Heijboer AC, Makris K, Ulmer CZ.
Clin Chim Acta. 2021 Jan 4. -
The effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on tenofovir alafenamide in rhesus macaquesexternal icon
Daly MB, Sterling M, Holder A, Dinh C, Nishiura K, Khalil G, García-Lerma JG, Dobard C.
Antiviral Res. 2020 Dec 29:105001. -
Signaling pathways implicated in carbon nanotube-induced lung inflammationexternal icon
Dong J.
Front Immunol. 2020 ;11:552613. -
Sensitive universal detection of blood parasites by selective pathogen-DNA enrichment and deep amplicon sequencingexternal icon
Flaherty BR, Barratt J, Lane M, Talundzic E, Bradbury RS.
Microbiome. 2021 Jan 2;9(1):1. -
Categorizing susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida auris to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and fluconazole utilizing the CLSI M44-A2 disk diffusion methodexternal icon
Nunnally NS, Damm T, Lockhart SR, Berkow EL.
J Clin Microbiol. 2021 Jan 6. -
Critical success factors for Vietnamese laboratories striving to implement quality management systemsexternal icon
Robinson C, Johnson J, Yao K, Bui H.
Afr J Lab Med. 2020 ;9(1):937. -
Hidden diversity within common protozoan parasites revealed by a novel genomotyping schemeexternal icon
Seabolt MH, Konstantinidis KT, Roellig DM.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2021 Jan 4. -
Immunoglobulin A targets a unique subset of the microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseaseexternal icon
Shapiro JM, de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Laenen Y, Bright R, Mallette M, Bu K, Bielecka AA, Xu F, Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Shah SA, Cho JH, LeLeiko NS, Sands BE, Flavell RA, Clemente JC.
Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Dec 31. -
Leveraging gains from African Center for Integrated Laboratory Training to combat HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africaexternal icon
Shrivastava R, Poxon R, Rottinghaus E, Essop L, Sanon V, Chipeta Z, van-Schalkwyk E, Sekwadi P, Murangandi P, Nguyen S, Devos J, Nesby-Odell S, Stevens T, Umaru F, Cox A, Kim A, Yang C, Parsons LM, Malope-Kgokong B, Nkengasong JN.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Jan 6;21(1):22.
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- Maternal and Child Health
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Pica, autism, and other disabilitiesexternal icon
Fields VL, Soke GN, Reynolds A, Tian LH, Wiggins L, Maenner M, DiGuiseppi C, Kral TV, Hightshoe K, Schieve LA.
Pediatrics. 2021 Jan 6. -
A distinct three-factor structure of restricted and repetitive behaviors in an epidemiologically sound sample of preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorderexternal icon
Hiruma L, Pretzel RE, Tapia AL, Bodfish JW, Bradley C, Wiggins L, Hsu M, Lee LC, Levy SE, Daniels J.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 Jan 2. -
Prevalence and mortality in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a multicountry studyexternal icon
Politis MD, Bermejo-Sánchez E, Canfield MA, Contiero P, Cragan JD, Dastgiri S, de Walle HE, Feldkamp ML, Nance A, Groisman B, Gatt M, Benavides-Lara A, Hurtado-Villa P, Kallén K, Landau D, Lelong N, Lopez-Camelo J, Martinez L, Morgan M, Mutchinick OM, Pierini A, Rissmann A, Šípek A, Szabova E, Wertelecki W, Zarante I, Bakker MK, Kancherla V, Mastroiacovo P, Nembhard WN.
Ann Epidemiol. 2020 Nov 27. -
Gastrointestinal symptoms in 2- to 5-year-old children in the Study to Explore Early Developmentexternal icon
Reynolds AM, Soke GN, Sabourin KR, Croen LA, Daniels JL, Fallin MD, Kral TV, Lee LC, Newschaffer CJ, Pinto-Martin JA, Schieve LA, Sims A, Wiggins L, Levy SE.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 Jan 4. -
Academic, interpersonal, recreational, and family impairment in children with Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderexternal icon
Ricketts EJ, Wolicki SB, Danielson ML, Rozenman M, McGuire JF, Piacentini J, Mink JW, Walkup JT, Woods DW, Bitsko RH.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2021 Jan 1. -
A preparedness model for mother-baby linked longitudinal surveillance for emerging threatsexternal icon
Woodworth KR, Reynolds MR, Burkel V, Gates C, Eckert V, McDermott C, Barton J, Wilburn A, Halai UA, Brown CM, Bocour A, Longcore N, Orkis L, Lopez CD, Sizemore L, Ellis EM, Schillie S, Gupta N, Bowen VB, Torrone E, Ellington SR, Delaney A, Olson SM, Roth NM, Whitehill F, Zambrano LD, Meaney-Delman D, Fehrenbach SN, Honein MA, Tong VT, Gilboa SM.
Matern Child Health J. 2021 Jan 4:1-9. -
Neurosurgical procedures for children with myelomeningocele after fetal or postnatal surgery: a comparative effectiveness studyexternal icon
Worley G, Greenberg RG, Rocque BG, Liu T, Dicianno BE, Castillo JP, Ward EA, Williams TR, Blount JP, Wiener JS.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021 Jan 2.
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- Mining
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Application of the coal mine floor rating (CMFR) to assess the floor stability in a Central Appalachian Coal Mineexternal icon
Cicek S, Tulu IB, Van Dyke M, Klemetti T, Wickline J.
Int J Min Sci Technol. 2020 . -
Assessing support alternatives for longwall gateroads subject to changing stressexternal icon
Esterhuizen GS, Tulu IB, Gearhart DF, Dougherty H, van Dyke M.
Int J Min Sci Technol. 2020 . -
Bleeder entry evaluation using condition mapping and numerical modelingexternal icon
Klemetti TM, Van Dyke MA, Esterhuizen GS.
Int J Min Sci Technol. 2020 . -
Preliminary rib support requirements for solid coal ribs using a coal pillar rib rating (CPRR)external icon
Mohamed K, Van Dyke M, Rashed G, Sears MM, Kimutis R.
Int J Min Sci Technol. 2020 . -
Guest editorial – special issue on ground control in mining in 2020external icon
Murphy MM, Klemetti T, Lawson H, Mishra B, Perry K.
Int J Min Sci Technol. 2020 . -
A coal rib monitoring study in a room-and-pillar retreat mineexternal icon
Rashed G, Mohamed K, Kimutis R.
Int J Min Sci Technol. 2020 . -
Investigating different methods used for approximating pillar loads in longwall coal minesexternal icon
Tuncay D, Tulu IB, Klemetti T.
Int J Min Sci Technol. 2020 . -
The current perspective of the PA 1957 gas well pillar study and its implications for longwall gas well pillarsexternal icon
Zhang P, Su D, Mark C.
Int J Min Sci Technol. 2020 .
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- Occupational Safety and Health
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Occupational respiratory and skin diseases among workers exposed to metalworking fluidsexternal icon
Nett RJ, Stanton M, Grimes GR.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Dec 30;Publish Ahead of Print. -
Industrial hygiene: past lessons, present challenges, and future directions: data standardizationexternal icon
Shockey TM, Dahm MM, Wurzelbacher SJ, Baker J.
Synergist. 2020 Dec;31(12):20-25.
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- Physical Activity
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Wearable activity monitor use is associated with the aerobic physical activity guidelines and walking among older adultsexternal icon
Zytnick D, Kumar GS, Folta SC, Reid KF, Tybor D, Chomitz VR.
Am J Health Promot. 2021 Jan 7.
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- Zoonotic and Vectorborne Diseases
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Measurement of head circumference: Implications for microcephaly surveillance in Zika-affected areasexternal icon
Harville EW, Tong VT, Gilboa SM, Moore CA, Cafferata ML, Alger J, Gibbons L, Bustillo C, Callejas A, Castillo M, Fúnes J, García J, Hernández G, López W, Ochoa C, Rico F, Rodríguez H, Zúniga C, Ciganda A, Stella C, Tomasso G, Buekens P.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 29;6(1). -
Rabies control in Liberia: Joint efforts towards Zero by 30external icon
Voupawoe G, Varkpeh R, Kamara V, Sieh S, Traoré A, De Battisti C, Angot A, Loureiro L, Soumaré B, Dauphin G, Abebe W, Coetzer A, Scott T, Nel L, Blanton J, Dacheux L, Bonas S, Bourhy H, Gourlaouen M, Leopardi S, De Benedictis P, Léchenne M, Zinsstag J, Mauti S.
Acta Trop. 2020 Dec 29:105787.
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- Chronic Diseases and Conditions
CDC Science Clips Production Staff
- Takudzwa Sayi, Editor
- Gail Bang, MLIS, Librarian
- Kathy Tucker, Librarian
- William (Bill) Thomas, MLIS, Librarian
- Jarvis Sims, MIT, MLIS, Librarian
- William Friedman, MLIS, Librarian
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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.