References & Resources
Infection Control
MMWR Articles
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women — United States, 2014–15 Influenza Season. MMWR September 18, 2015 / 64(36);1000-1005
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel — United States, 2014–15 Influenza Season. MMWR September 18, 2015 / 64(36);993-999
- Outbreaks of Avian Influenza A (H5N2), (H5N8), and (H5N1) Among Birds — United States, December 2014–January 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015;64(Early Release):1
- Early Estimates of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, January 2015. MMWR January 16, 2015 / 64(01);10-15
- Update: Influenza Activity — United States, September 28–December 6, 2014. MMWR 63(50);1189-1194
- Estimated Influenza Illnesses and Hospitalizations Averted by Vaccination — United States, 2013–14 Influenza Season. MMWR 63(49);1151-1154
- Influenza Outbreak in a Vaccinated Population — USS Ardent, February 2014. MMWR 63(42);947-949
- Update: Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, May 18–September 20, 2014. MMWR 63(39);861-864
- Updated Preparedness and Response Framework for Influenza Pandemics. MMWR 63(RR06);1-9
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) — United States, 2014–15 Influenza Season. MMWR 63(32);691-697
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women — United States, 2013–14 Influenza Season. MMWR 63(37);816-821
- Influenza Vaccination Performance Measurement Among Acute Care Hospital-Based Health Care Personnel — United States, 2013–14 Influenza Season. MMWR 63(37);812-815
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel — United States, 2013–14 Influenza Season. MMWR 63(37);805-811
- Notes from the Field: Hospitalizations for Respiratory Disease Among Unaccompanied Children from Central America — Multiple States, June–July 2014. MMWR 63(32);698-699
- Influenza Activity — United States, 2013–14 Season and Composition of the 2014–15 Influenza Vaccines. MMWR 63(22);483-490
- Prevalence of Influenza-Like Illness and Seasonal and Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Workers — United States, 2009–10 Influenza Season. MMWR 63(10);217-221
- Impact of Requiring Influenza Vaccination for Children in Licensed Child Care or Preschool Programs — Connecticut, 2012–13 Influenza Season. MMWR 63(09);181-185
- Update: Influenza Activity — United States, September 29, 2013-February 8, 2014. MMWR 63(07);148-154
- Influenza-Associated Intensive-Care Unit Admissions and Deaths — California, September 29, 2013–January 18, 2014. MMWR 63(07);143-147
- Interim Estimates of 2013–14 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2014. MMWR 63(07);137-142
- Influenza Activity — United States, September 29–December 7, 2013. MMWR, 62(50);1032-1036
- Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, May 19–September 28, 2013. MMWR, 62(42);838-842
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2013–2014. MMWR, 62(RR07);1-43
- Influenza Activity — United States, 2012–13 Season and Composition of the 2013–14 Influenza Vaccine. MMWR, 62(23);473-479
- Emergence of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Causing Severe Human Illness — China, February–April 2013. MMWR, 62(18);366-371
- Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Interim Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2013. MMWR, 62(18);356-356
- Estimated Influenza Illnesses and Hospitalizations Averted by Influenza Vaccination — United States, 2012–13 Influenza Season. MMWR, 62(49);997-1000
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women — United States, 2012–13 Influenza Season. MMWR, 62(38);787-792
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Health-Care Personnel — United States, 2012–13 Influenza Season. MMWR, 62(38);781-786
- Influenza Activity — United States, 2012–13 Season and Composition of the 2013–14 Influenza Vaccine. MMWR, 62(23);473-479
- Influenza Activity — United States, September 30, 2012–February 9, 2013. MMWR, 62(07);124-130
- Interim Adjusted Estimates of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2013. MMWR, 62(07);124-130
- Early Estimates of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, January 2013. MMWR, 62(02);32-35
- Influenza Activity — United States, September 30–November 24, 2012. MMWR, 61(48);990-993
- Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, May 20–September 22, 2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 61(39);785-789
- Influenza A (H3N2) Variant Virus-Related Hospitalizations — Ohio, 2012. MMWR, 61(38);764-767
- Notes from the Field: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N3) Virus Infection in Two Poultry Workers — Jalisco, Mexico, July 2012. MMWR, 61(36);726-727
- Evaluation of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests for Influenza A (H3N2)v Virus and Updated Case Count — United States, 2012. MMWR, 61(32);619-621
- Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) — United States, 2012–13 Influenza Season. MMWR, 61(32);613-618
- Influenza Activity — United States, 2011–12 Season and Composition of the 2012–13 Influenza Vaccine. MMWR, 61(22);414-420
- Surveillance of Influenza Vaccination Coverage — United States, 2007–08 Through 2011–12 Influenza Seasons. MMWR, 62(ss04);1-29
- Influenza Vaccination Practices of Physicians and Caregivers of Children with Neurologic and Neurodevelopmental Conditions — United States, 2011–12 Influenza Season. MMWR, 62(36);744-746
- Immunization of Health-Care Personnel. MMWR, 60(No.7) pdf icon[705 KB, 48 pages]
- Evaluation of 11 Commercially Available Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests — United States, 2011–2012. MMWR, 61(43);873-876
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Health-Care Personnel — 2011–12 Influenza Season, United States. MMWR, 61(38);753-757
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women — 2011–12 Influenza Season, United States. MMWR, 61(38);758-763
- Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Influenza A (H3N2) Virus Among Persons and Swine at a County Fair — Indiana, July 2012. MMWR, 61(29); 561
- Influenza Activity — United States, 2011–12 Season and Composition of the 2012–13 Influenza Vaccine. MMWR, 61(22);414-420
- Influenza Activity — United States, October 2, 2011–February 11, 2012. MMWR, 61(07);123-128
- Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, May 22–September 3, 2011. MMWR, 60(36);1239-1242
- Swine-Origin Influenza A (H3N2) Virus Infection in Two Children – Indiana and Pennsylvania, July – August 2011. MMWR, 60 (Early Release); 1-4
- Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011. MMWR, 60(33);1128-1132
- Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Women Who Delivered a Live-Born Infant — 21 States and New York City, 2009–10 and 2010–11 Influenza Seasons. MMWR, 62(49);1001-1004
- Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Coverage — United States, 2009–10 and 2010–11. MMWR, 62(03);65-68
- Surveillance of Influenza Vaccination Coverage — United States, 2007–08 Through 2011–12 Influenza Seasons. MMWR, 62(ss04);1-29
- Influenza-Associated Pediatric Deaths — United States, September 2010–August 2011. MMWR, 60(36);1233-1238
- Antiviral Agents for the Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR, 60(RR01);1-24
- Estimates of Deaths Associated with Seasonal Influenza — United States, 1976–2007. MMWR, 59(33);1057-1062
- CDC. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR, 59(No. RR-8) pdf icon[1.1 MB, 68 pages]
- Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR, 59(Early Release);1-62
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR, 58(Early Release);1-52
- Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Children with Asthma – United States, 2004-05 Influenza Season. MMWR, 56(09);193-196
Related Sites
Vaccine-Specific
- Vaccines and Immunizations
- Inactivated Flu Vaccine: Vaccination Information Statement (VIS)
- Live, Intranasal Flu Vaccine: Vaccination Information Statement (VIS)
- Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)external icon
Also available by telephone at 1-800-822-7967 - Find Your State or Local Health Department
- The World Health Organization (WHO): Influenza external icon
- National Influenza Vaccine Summitexternal icon
- Responding to Problems with Purchasing Needles for Flu Vaccination
Surveillance
- DoD Global Influenza Surveillance Program pdf icon[1.7 MB, 35 pages]external icon
- World Health Organization (WHO): FluNetexternal icon
- VPD Surveillance Manual: Influenza pdf icon[278 KB, 13 pages]
Prevention
- Cover Your Coughexternal icon
Minnesota Department of Health - National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)external icon
The National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the NIH, conducts and supports research aimed at finding better ways to treat and prevent influenza infections. This site includes NIAID fact sheets, brochures and news releases on influenza, as well as links to influenza information maintained by other federal agencies. - American Lung Association: Influenzaexternal icon
Outbreaks
- Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)external icon
APHIS coordinates efforts to prepare for and respond to outbreaks of exotic animal diseases, including highly pathogenic avian influenza. Results of surveillance for influenza A viruses in avian species in the U.S. are reported each year by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories in the Proceedings of the U.S. Animal Health Association Annual Meeting. - The World Health Organization (WHO): Disease Outbreakexternal icon
Research
- Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDAexternal icon
The ARS’ Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory publishes information on avian influenza research and contacts for further information. - The World Health Organization (WHO): Researchexternal icon
Vaccine Manufacture & Licensing
- Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research (CBER), FDAexternal icon
CBER plays a critical role in the manufacture and licensing of influenza vaccine.
Suggested Influenza Reading
Influenza Control in Specific Populations
- Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guidelines for infection control in health care personnel
Bolyard EA, Tablan OC, Williams WW, et al., American Journal of Infection Control 1998; 26: 289-354. - The Long-Term-Care Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Bradley SF, Prevention of influenza in long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiology 1999; 20:629-37. - Guidelines for Preventing Health-Care-Associated Pneumonia. Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee.
Tablan OC, Anderson LJ, Besser, R, et al., Atlanta, GA: National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, 2003.
Travelers' Health
Pandemic Flu
Influenza-Related Public Use Data Sets
Influenza Virus Genetic Sequence Public Use Data Sets
Influenza Surveillance Public Use Data Sets
Page last reviewed: November 20, 2020
