Home > What We Do > Emergency Preparedness and Response > How We Prepare
To Protect the Public > Use
of Potassium Iodide
> Potassium Iodide in Emergency Planning
The Consideration
of Potassium Iodide in Emergency Planning
On this page:
For more information, see Potassium Iodide Frequently
Asked Questions.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has revised a section of its emergency
preparedness regulations. The revised rule requires that States* with
a population within the 10-mile emergency planning zone (EPZ) of commercial
nuclear power plants consider including potassium iodide as a protective
measure for the general public to supplement sheltering and evacuation
in the unlikely event of a severe nuclear power plant accident.
The final rule amends 10 CFR 50.47(b)(10).
The NRC published the rule change
in the Federal Register (Volume 66, Number 13, page 5427) on January 19,
2001. The change became effective April 19, 2001.
Along with this rule change, the NRC is providing funding for a supply
of potassium iodide for a State that chooses to incorporate potassium
iodide for the general public into their emergency plans. After funding
the initial supply of potassium iodide, the Commission may consider extending
this program to fund replenishment supplies, but has made no commitments
in this regard.
Potassium iodide is a salt, similar to table salt. Its chemical symbol
is KI. It is routinely added to table salt to make it "iodized." Potassium
iodide, if taken within the appropriate time and at the appropriate dosage,
blocks the thyroid gland's uptake of radioactive iodine and thus reduces
the risk of thyroid cancers and other diseases that might otherwise be
caused by thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine that could be dispersed
in a severe reactor accident.
The NRC and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) are the two
Federal agencies responsible for evaluating emergency preparedness at
and around nuclear power plants. The NRC is responsible for assessing
the adequacy of onsite emergency plans developed by the utility, while
FEMA is responsible for assessing the adequacy of offsite emergency planning.
The NRC relies on FEMA’s findings in determining that there is reasonable
assurance that adequate protective measures can and will be taken in the
event of a radiological emergency.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the definitive medical authority
in the United States on the use of potassium iodide.
*When used in this Web site, State includes Native American governments.
![To top of page](/peth04/20041015000618im_/http://www.nrc.gov/images/navigation/go-top.gif)
Eligibility for Obtaining Potassium Iodide
This rule applies to States and Tribal governments with nuclear power
plants within their borders, with populations within the 10-mile EPZ,
and local governments designated by States to request potassium iodide
funding.
The Commission believes the final rule, together with the Commission's
decision to provide funding for the purchase of a State's supply of potassium
iodide, strikes a proper balance between encouraging (but not requiring)
the offsite authorities to take advantage of the benefits of potassium
iodide and acknowledging the offsite authorities' role in such matters.
By requiring consideration of the use of potassium iodide, the Commission
recognizes the important role of States and local governments in matters
of emergency planning.
Process for Obtaining Potassium Iodide
On December 20, 2001, the NRC sent letters
to the 34 States with populations within the 10-mile EPZ of nuclear reactors.
This letter discusses the NRC program to provide potassium iodide to States
and includes, as attachments: the NRC
Statement of Consideration
in support of the final rule; the FDA final guidelines
on use of potassium iodide; and FEMA
guidelines
on incorporating potassium iodide into emergency response plans, as well
as the NRC disclaimer .
The revised Federal Policy on Use of Potassium Iodide
(FR Volume 67, Number 7, page 1355) was also provided to the States.
The Office of Public Affairs issued a press release on December 20, 2001,
to announce the NRC's potassium iodide program.
![To top of page](/peth04/20041015000618im_/http://www.nrc.gov/images/navigation/go-top.gif)
Regulations and Guidance
The NRC final rule on the Consideration
of Potassium Iodide in Emergency Plans
was published in the Federal Register on January 19, 2001. This
rule became effective April 19, 2001. The FDA final guidance on Potassium
Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies
was published in December 2001. The Federal Emergency Management Agency
published the revised Federal
Policy on the Use of Potassium Iodide
in January 2002.
![To top of page](/peth04/20041015000618im_/http://www.nrc.gov/images/navigation/go-top.gif)
Current Status
As of August 18, 2004, nineteen states (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland,
Vermont, Delaware, Florida, Alabama, Arizona, New York, New Jersey, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, California, Ohio, Virginia, Mississippi,
West Virginia and New Hampshire) have requested and/or received potassium
iodide tablets.
![To top of page](/peth04/20041015000618im_/http://www.nrc.gov/images/navigation/go-top.gif)
Role of Reactor Licensees
The Commission notes that this rule will introduce another element in
the context of emergency planning requirements for which licensees are
ultimately responsible. Licensees have the obligation to confirm that
offsite authorities have considered the use of potassium iodide as a supplemental
protective action for the general public. It will also require the licensees
to use this information in developing Protective Action Recommendations
for offsite agencies..
![To top of page](/peth04/20041015000618im_/http://www.nrc.gov/images/navigation/go-top.gif)
|