Research Activities

March 2000, No. 235


Contents

About Research Activities

Feature Story

System errors, not patient factors, are responsible for most hospital medication errors

Departments

Smoking Cessation
   Health and economic benefits are substantial when pregnant women stop smoking

Heart Disease/Stroke
   Lipid-lowering drugs are underused in patients hospitalized with recurrent heart attacks
   Specialists and generalists working together provide the best care for heart disease patients
   Men are four times more likely than women to suffer a stroke due to large-vessel atherosclerosis
   Evidence shows that warfarin is the drug of choice to prevent stroke in certain patients with atrial fibrillation

Clinical Decisionmaking
   Physicians in HMOs should more aggressively manage hypertension
   Bilingual asthma scale can help clinicians assess symptoms in Latino children
   Routine medical testing before cataract surgery usually is not necessary
   Less than 10 percent of medical decisions are made with participation of a fully informed patient

Primary Care
   Race and ethnicity play an important role in patient satisfaction with primary care physicians
   Having an ongoing relationship with a doctor greatly reduces ER visits by elderly patients
   Doctors' psychological traits have little if any bearing on their referral decisions
   Primary care providers often fail to cover the most significant injury prevention issues during well-child visits

Quality of Care
   Patient satisfaction with hospital care depends in part on the degree of symptom improvement during the stay
   Elderly patients' satisfaction with doctor visits does not necessarily indicate quality of care
   Patients base their satisfaction with pharmacy care on their social interaction with the pharmacist, not technical quality

Health Care Costs and Financing
   Cost does not appear to be the main factor in insurers' drug coverage decisions
   Worker preference may contribute to poorer health insurance coverage by small firms
   Significant State-to-State differences found in health insurance offer rates, choice of plans, and premiums
   Medicaid programs provide a safety net for the uninsured, but they also crowd out private insurance

Managed Care
   Financial incentives based on patient insurance may have unintended consequences
   Local leaders and circumstances determine how the arrival of managed care will be received in rural communities

Health Care Delivery/Access
   Mandating longer hospital stays for newborns may not be the best way to prevent readmissions for jaundice
   Barriers to quality cancer care persist
   Providing a written appointment for followup care improves visit compliance among patients after hospital discharge
   Case managers help people with HIV obtain home health care, emotional counseling, and other support services

Nursing Research
   Researchers are studying the relationship between nurse staffing levels and nursing-sensitive patient outcomes

AHRQ News and Notes
   National Guideline Clearinghouse™ more than triples in size
   AHRQ releases Nation's most current hospital discharge data

Announcements
   AHRQ announces new grant opportunities in health services research education
   AHRQ to cosponsor second annual meeting for child health services researchers
   Correction
   Announcing a New, Enhanced HCUPnet
   Subscribe to AHRQ's electronic newsletter!


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