INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Any normal volunteer between ages 18 and 80 who is capable of giving informed consent.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
A subject will be excluded if he/she has a contraindication to MR scanning such as surgery that involved metal clips or wires which might be expected to concentrate radiofrequency fields or cause tissue damage from twisting twisting in a magnetic field. Examples include:
Aneurysm clip;
Implanted neural stimulator;
Implanted cardiac pacemaker or autodefibrillator;
Cochlear implant;
Ocular foreign body (e.g. metal shavings);
Insulin pump.
Subjects will be excluded if it is deemed that they have a condition which would preclude their use for technical development (e.g. paralyzed hemidiaphragm, morbid obesity, claustrophobia, etc.) or present unnecessary risk (e.g. pregnancy, surgery of uncertain type, etc.).
Lactating women and subjects with hemoglobinopathies, asthma, or renal or hepatic disease will be excluded from studies involving the administration of contrast agents.