INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Any normal volunteer above the age 18 who is capable of giving informed consent will be included.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
A subject will be excluded if he/she has a contradiction to MR scanning such as surgery that involved metal clips or wires which might be expected to concentrate radiofrequency fields or cause tissue damage from twisting in a magnetic field. Examples include:
1) Aneurysm clip;
2) Implanted neural stimulator;
3) Implanted cardiac pacemaker implanted defibrillator;
4) Cochlear implant
5) Ocular foreign body (e.g. metal shavings);
6) Insulin pump.
Subjects will be excluded if it is deemed that they have a condition that would preclude their use of technical development (e.g. paralyzed hemidiaphragm, morbid obesity, claustrophobia etc.) or present unnecessary risk (e.g. pregnancy, surgery of uncertain type, etc.).
Lactating women and subjects with hemoglobinopathies, asthma, or renal or hepatic disease will be excluded from studies involving the adminstration of contrast agents.