NIH Clinical Research Studies

Protocol Number: 04-C-0168

Active Accrual, Protocols Recruiting New Patients

Title:
Pediatric Phase I Trial of LMB-2 for Refractory CD25-Positive Leukemias and Lymphomas
Number:
04-C-0168
Summary:
This study will evaluate the effects of an experimental drug called LMB-2 in children with leukemia or lymphoma whose cancer cells contain a protein called CD25. LMB-2 is made up of two parts: a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody that binds to cancer cells with CD25 on their surface, and a toxin produced by bacteria that kills the cancer cells to which it binds. LMB-2 has killed CD25-containing cells in laboratory experiments and has helped some adult patients with leukemia and lymphoma in a small clinical trial. Of 39 patients in the study, one had complete disease remission and seven had partial remissions. LMB-2 has not previously been studied in children. This study will determine: 1) the side effects of LMB-2 in children; 2) the highest dose of the drug that can safely be given to children; 3) how the body handles LMB-2; and 4) whether LMB-2 may be beneficial in treating childhood leukemia and lymphoma.

Children between 6 months and 18 years of age with leukemia or lymphoma that has not been cured by available standard treatments may be eligible for this study. Candidates must have CD25 receptor proteins on their cancer cells. Patients are screened with a medical history and physical examination, review of medical records, blood and urine tests, and, depending on their specific disease, some or all of the following: chest x-ray, CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, CT or MRI of the head, nuclear medicine scans, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, lumbar puncture, and/or skin biopsy.

Participants are admitted to the NIH Clinical Center for treatment. Three infusions of LMB-2 are given each treatment cycle. The infusions are given every other day, on cycle days 1, 3, and 5. The drug is infused through an intravenous (IV) catheter (plastic tube placed in a vein) or a central venous line-an IV tube placed in a large vein. If the infusions are well tolerated, patients may return home after about 1 week (possibly longer if complications occur). In addition to LMB-2 therapy, patients undergo the following procedures:

- Medical history and physical examination at least once a week.

- Blood and urine tests twice a week to monitor treatment response and side effects.

- Blood tests to measure the amount of LMB2 in the blood. This requires taking 10 separate blood samples of 1/2 teaspoon each at 10 time intervals on day 1 and twice on days 3 and 5 of each cycle

- Blood draws before each cycle to monitor for development of antibodies against LMB-2.

- In patients who have detectable cancer cells in their bloodstream, blood may be drawn before starting treatment to perform laboratory tests to check for LMB-2 toxic effects against the cancer cells.

- Periodic disease evaluations that may include x-rays, CT and MRI scans, nuclear medicine scans, and bone marrow aspiration, as clinically needed to evaluate side effects and benefits of treatment and determine if additional treatment cycles are to be administered.

Each treatment cycle consists of three doses of LMB-2 followed by evaluation and testing. Patients may receive up to six cycles of LMB-2, depending on the treatment response. Patients who tolerate the treatments well may return home between cycles and have weekly blood tests and follow-up visits with their local physicians. After completing the last treatment cycle, patients are seen at the NIH clinic at last once a week for 1 month; then, as required by the child's condition for medical histories, physical examinations, blood and urine tests, and disease evaluations to monitor treatment benefits and side effects.

Sponsoring Institute:
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Recruitment Detail
Type: Active Accrual Of New Subjects
Gender: Male & Female
Referral Letter Required: No
Population Exclusion(s): None

Eligibility Criteria:
INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Patient age: greater than or equal to 6 months and less than 18 years.

Histologic diagnosis: All patients must have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of one of the following:

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) including lymphoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, large cell lymphoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL);

Hodgkin's disease (HD);

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML);

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML);

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL);

Acute hybrid leukemia (including mixed lineage, biphenotypic, and undifferentiated).

CD25 expression: Patients must have evidence of CD25 positivity by at least one of the following criteria:

Greater than 15% of malignant cells from a site react with anti-CD25 by immunohistochemistry;

30% of malignant cells from a site are CD25+ by FACS analysis.

Stage of Disease and Prior Therapy:

Patients must have measurable or evaluable disease.

Patients must have relapsed or refractory disease after at least one standard chemotherapy and one salvage regimen. Patients with acute leukemia must have greater than 25% blasts in the bone marrow (i.e., M3 marrow classification).

In the view of the PI and the primary oncologist, there must be no available alternative curative therapies and patients must either be ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (BMT), have refused BMT, or have disease activity that prohibits the time required to identify a suitable stem cell donor.

Relapse after prior autologous or allogeneic BMT is allowed. In the event of relapse after prior allogeneic BMT, the patient must be at least day +100 post-transplant.

Patients must have had their last doses of chemotherapy at least 3 weeks (4 weeks for nitrosoureas) prior to study entry. Patients must have had their last doses of radiation therapy at least 3 weeks prior to study entry with the following exception: Patients who have received or are receiving radiation therapy less than 3 weeks prior to study entry will not be excluded providing the volume of bone marrow treated is less than 10% and the patient has measurable disease outside the radiation port.

Patients must have recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior therapy before entry.

Patients should be off colony stimulating factors (e.g., G-CSF, GM-CSF, EPO) for at least one week prior to entry.

Patients receiving corticosteroids are allowed provided there has been no change in dose for at least 2 weeks prior to study entry.

Patients should be off other investigational agents for at least 30 days prior to entry.

Performance Status:

Patients greater than or equal to 12 years of age: ECOG score of 0, 1, or 2.

Patients less than 12 years of age: Lansky scale greater than or equal to 50%.

Patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheel chair will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of calculating the performance score.

Hematological function: A patient will not be excluded because of pancytopenia due to disease based on bone marrow analysis. For patients without bone marrow involvement, the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) must be greater than 1000/mm(3) and the platelet count greater than 50,000/mm(3) independent of transfusion.

Hepatic function: Less than or equal to Grade 1 NCI Common Toxicity Criteria as follows: total bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 x the upper limit of normal (less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl) and transaminases less than or equal to 2.5 x the upper limit of normal (ALT less than or equal to 103 U/L, AST less than or equal to 85 U/L).

Renal function: Patients must have an age-adjusted normal serum creatinine (see below) OR a creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2):

Age (Years): Less than or equal to 5

Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dl): 0.8

Age (Years): 5 less than age less than or equal to 10

Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dl): 1.0

Age (Years): 10 less than age less than or equal to 15

Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dl): 1.2

Age (Years): greater than 15

Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dl): 1.5

Cardiac function: Left ventricular function must be normal (ejection fraction greater than or equal to 45% by MUGA or shortening fraction greater than or equal to 28% by ECHO).

Respiratory function: Oxygen saturation greater than or equal to 90%.

Patients with childbearing potential are required to practice contraception during the study.

As patients will be less than 18 years old their legal guardian must give informed consent.

Serum electrolytes: Less than or equal to Grade I NCI Common Toxicity Criteria as follows: sodium 130-150 mmol/L, potassium 3.0-5.5 mmol/L, calcium 2.0-2.9 mmol/L, magnesium 0.5-1.23 mmol/L (chronic oral supplementation to maintain normal levels allowed).

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

CNS leukemia or lymphoma as manifested by any of the following:

CSF WBC greater than 5/micro l and confirmation of CSF blasts.

Cranial neuropathies deemed secondary to underlying malignancy.

Radiologically detected CNS lymphoma.

History of CNS involvement with no current evidence of CNS malignancy is NOT an exclusion.

Isolated testicular ALL.

Clinically significant unrelated systemic illness that in the judgment of the PI would likely compromise the patient's ability to tolerate this therapy or interfere with the study procedures.

Patients whose serum neutralizes greater than 75% of the activity of 1 micro g/mL of LMB-2 in tissue culture, due to either anti-toxin or anti-mouse-IgG antibodies.

HIV infection (due to increased risk of severe infection and unknown interaction of LMB-2 with antiretroviral agents).

Active hepatitis B or C infection as defined by seropositive for hepatitis B (HbSAg) or hepatitis C and elevated liver transaminases.

Patients currently receiving other investigational agents.

Lactating or pregnant females (due to unknown risk to fetus or nursing child).

High risk of inability to comply with protocol treatment as determined by PI, social work, and primary oncologist.

Patients who require anticoagulation for disease-related conditions.

Special Instructions: Currently Not Provided
Keywords:
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Immunotoxin
Pediatric Oncology
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)
Hodgkin's Disease (HD)
Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphomas (ATL)
Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)
Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (PTCL)
CD25-Positive
Recruitment Keywords:
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Children
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
NHL
Hodgkin Disease
HD
Conditions:
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Investigational Drug(s):
LMB-2
Investigational Device(s):
None

Contacts:
Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office
Building 61
10 Cloister Court
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4754
Toll Free: 1-800-411-1222
TTY: 301-594-9774 (local),1-866-411-1010 (toll free)
Fax: 301-480-9793

Electronic Mail:prpl@mail.cc.nih.gov

Citations:
Buchanan GR. Diagnosis and management of relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1990 Oct;4(5):971-95. Review. PMID: 2262488

Rivera GK, et. al. Intensive retreatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse. A Pediatric Oncology Group Study. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jul 31;315(5):273-8. PMID: 3523250

Ravindranath Y, et. al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation versus intensive consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia in childhood. Pediatric Oncology Group. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 30;334(22):1428-34. PMID: 8618581

Active Accrual, Protocols Recruiting New Patients

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