Teacher's Guide
Introduction
The lessons are organized around themes: location, navigation, information and exploration. A lesson has an introductory text and two main activities; the format is designed for easy photocopying so that every student will have a copy. Most activities can be completed within 2 hours, but some could become major projects. With each activity is a list of needed materials, the estimated time for completion, step-by-step instructions, and recommended readings and additional activities. Lists of important terms are included in most activities, but definitions are to be collected by students to make a glossary.
The Activities are:
Writings in the Explorer section of the Web can be photocopied and distributed to the class to stimulate writing assignments and discussions or to use with the activities.
References listed in the bibliography are recommended further reading; many of these books helped shape the content of the Maps Introduction and activities. Important notes about each lesson, definitions of glossary words, and answers to questions are included below.
Bibliography
Maps and Mapping
Clarke, K.C. Analytical and Computer Cartography. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1990.
Cuff, D.J., and Mattson, Mark T. Thematic Maps‹Their Design and Production. New York: Methuen, 1982.
Dickenson, G.C. Maps and Air Photographs. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1979.
Greenhood, David. Mapping. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
Hall, S.S. Mapping the Next Millennium‹The Discovery of New Geographies. New York: Random House, 1992.
Hanson, T.P. Guide to Lunar Orbiter Photographs. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1970.
Holmes, Nigel. Pictorial Maps. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1991.
Makower, Joel. The Map Catalog. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.
Monmonier, Mark, and Schnell, G.A. Map Appreciation. Englewood Cliffs: New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1988.
Muehrcke, P.C., and Muehrcke, J.O. Map Use‹Reading, Analysis, and Interpretation. Madison, Wisc.: J.P. Publications, 1992.
Robinson, A.H., and Sale, R.D. Elements of Cartography. New York: John Wiley andSons, 1969.
Slama, C.C., ed. Manual of Photogrammetry, forth edition. Falls Church, Va.: American Society of Photogrammetry, 1980.
Snyder, J.P. An Album of Map Projections. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453, 1989.
Snyder, J.P. Map Projections‹A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395, 1987.
Southworth, Michael, and Southworth, Susan. Maps‹A Visual Survey and Design Guide. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1982
Stevenson, E.L., ed. Claudius Ptolemy, the Geography. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1991.
Strain, Priscilla and Engle, Frederick. Looking at Earth. Atlanta: Turner Publishing, Inc., 1992.
Thompson, M.M. Maps for America. U.S. Geological Survey Special Book, 1988.
Tufte, E.R. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, Conn.: Graphics Press, 1983.
Wood, Denis. The Power of Maps. London: The Guilford Press, 1992.
U.S. Geological Survey. Map Projections Poster. 1992.
History of Cartography
Bagrow, Leo. History of Cartography. Chicago: Precedent Publishing, Inc., 1966.
Brown, L.A. The Story of Maps. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1979.
Harley, J.B., and Woodward, David. The History of Cartography, vol. 1‹Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
Harley, J.B., and Woodward, David. The History of Cartography, vol., Book 2‹Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Map of Conterminous United States Showing Routes of the Principal Explorers from1501 to 1844.... U.S. Geological Survey United States map, 1983.
Maps of an Emerging Nation‹The United States of America, 1775-1987. U.S. Geological Survey National Atlas Map, 1987.
Nebenzahl, Kenneth. Atlas of Columbus and the Great Discoveries. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1990.
Schwartz, S.I., and Ehrenberg, R.E. The Mapping of America. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980.
Thrower, N.J.W. Maps and Man. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1972.
Tooley, R.V. Maps and Mapmakers. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1978.
Wilford, J.N. The Mapmakers. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981.
Science
Abruscato, Joe, and Hassard, Jack. The Whole Cosmos Catalog of Science Activities. Glenview, Ill.: Scott Foresman and Company, 1991.
Hawking, S.W. A Brief History of Time. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988.
Morrison, Philip and Morrison, Phylis. The Ring of Truth. New York: Random House, 1987.
Explorers
Biddle, Nicholas, ed. The Journals of the Expedition under the Command of Capts.Lewis and Clark. New York: The Heritage Press, 2 vol., 1962.
Boorstin, D.J. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983.
Map of Conterminous United States Showing Routes of the Principal Explorers from 1501 to 1844.... U.S. Geological Survey United States map, 1983.
Nunn, George E. The Geographical Connections of Columbus‹A Critical Consideration of Four Problems. New York: The American Geographical Society, 1992.
Ralling, Christoper. Shackleton. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1983.
Shackleton, E.H. The Heart of the Antarctic. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 2 vol., 1909.
For More information
To obtain copies of this packet and other USGS educational materials: Call 1-888-ASK-USGS, or write or visit a USGS Earth Science Information Center.
