The Office of Science manages a unique and vital infrastructure for America’s scientists, engineers, teachers and students – and also the international community.

The Office of Science oversees 10 outstanding national laboratories with unmatched capabilities for solving complex interdisciplinary problems.

In addition, the Office of Science also builds and operates large-scale user facilities of importance to all areas of science.

These Office of Science facilities and capabilities have produced outstanding value, technological advances and progress on many national priorities in scientific research. What’s more, the Office of Science’s national research infrastructure has enabled scientists to exploit investments made in other fields as well.

Occasional Papers:
Accelerator Technology for the Nation
Facilities for Scientific Discovery
Scientific Foundations for Countering Terrorism

National Laboratories

The Office of Science is the steward of 10 national laboratories that support the missions of its science programs. The national laboratory system, created over a half-century ago, represents the most comprehensive research system of its kind in the world. These laboratories perform research and development that is not well suited to university or private sector research facilities because of its scope, infrastructure, or multidisciplinary nature, but for which there is a strong public and national purpose.

A high level of collaboration among all of the national laboratories in the use of world-class scientific equipment and supercomputers, facilities, and multidisciplinary teams of scientists increases their collective contribution to DOE and the Nation, making the laboratory system more valuable as a whole than as the sum of its parts.

The Office of Science oversees these 10 national laboratories:

· Ames Laboratory
· Argonne National Laboratory
· Brookhaven National Laboratory
· Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
· Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
· Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
· Oak Ridge National Laboratory
· Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
· Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
· Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

In addition, the Office of Science funds research and development projects conducted at these additional national laboratories, which are overseen by other DOE offices:

· Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
· Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
· Los Alamos National Laboratory
· National Energy Technology Laboratory
· National Renewable Energy Laboratory
· Sandia National Laboratory
· Savannah River National Laboratory

User Facilities

The Office of Science also oversees the construction and operation of some of the Nation's most advanced research and development user facilities, located at these national laboratories and universities. These state-of-the-art facilities are shared with the science community worldwide and contain some technologies and instrumentation that are available nowhere else. They include particle and nuclear physics accelerators, synchrotron light sources, neutron scattering facilities, supercomputers, and high-speed computer networks.

For example, the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory is the world's brightest continuous source of X-rays and ultraviolet radiation for research. The William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory houses one of the world's most powerful widebore nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. The Spallation Neutron Source, currently being built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, will provide the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development.

Each year, the Office of Science facilities are used by more than 18,000 researchers from universities, other government agencies, and private industry.

The major user facilities supported by the Office of Science are listed below by program office:

Advanced Scientific Computing Research
Basic Energy Sciences
Biological and Environmental Research
Fusion Energy Sciences
High Energy Physics
Nuclear Physics

Advanced Scientific Computing Research

· Energy Sciences Network (ESnet):
ESnet is a high-speed network serving thousands of DOE scientists and collaborators worldwide. A pioneer in providing high-bandwidth, reliable connections, ESnet enables researchers at national laboratories, universities and other institutions to communicate with each other using the collaborative capabilities needed to address some of the world's most important scientific challenges. Managed and operated by the ESnet staff at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ESnet provides direct connections to all major DOE sites with high performance speeds, as well as fast interconnections to more than 100 other networks. Funded principally by DOE's Office of Science, ESnet services allow scientists to make effective use of unique DOE research facilities and computing resources, independent of time and geographic location. ESnet is funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research program to provide network and collaboration services in support of the agency's research missions.

· National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) Center:
NERSC is a world leader in accelerating scientific discovery through computation. NERSC provides high-performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational science of scale, in which large, interdisciplinary teams of scientists attack fundamental problems in science and engineering that require massive calculations and have broad scientific and economic impacts. Leading-edge computing platforms and services make NERSC the foremost resource for large-scale computation within DOE's Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research program.

Basic Energy Sciences

Synchrotron Radiation Light Sources
· National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS):
NSLS, located at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, is a national user research facility funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program. The NSLS operates two electron storage rings: an X-Ray ring and a Vacuum UltraViolet ring, which provide intense light spanning the electromagnetic spectrum from the infrared through x-rays. Each year over 2500 scientists from universities, industries, and government labs perform research at the NSLS.

· Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL):
SSRL is located at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, operated by Stanford University for DOE. SSRL is a national user facility that provides synchrotron radiation, a name given to x-rays or light produced by electrons circulating in a storage ring at nearly the speed of light. These extremely bright x-rays can be used to investigate various forms of matter ranging from objects of atomic and molecular size to man-made materials with unusual properties. The obtained information and knowledge is of great value to society, with impact in areas such as the environment, future technologies, health, and national security. SSRL is primarily supported by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research programs.

· Advanced Light Source (ALS):
ALS at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is a national user facility that generates intense light for scientific and technological research. As one of the world's brightest sources of ultraviolet and soft x-ray beams—and the world's first third-generation synchrotron light source in its energy range—the ALS makes previously impossible studies possible. The facility welcomes researchers from universities, industries, and government laboratories around the world. ALS is funded by the DOE's Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

· Advanced Photon Source (APS):
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is a national synchrotron-radiation light source research facility funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program. Using high-brilliance x-ray beams from the APS, members of the international synchrotron-radiation research community conduct forefront basic and applied research in the fields of material science; biological science; physics; chemistry; environmental, geophysical, and planetary science; and innovative x-ray instrumentation.

High-Flux Neutron Sources

· High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) Center for Neutron Scattering:
The HFIR Center, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is the highest flux reactor-based source of neutrons for condensed matter research in the U.S. The Center is a national user facility funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program. Thermal and cold neutrons produced by the HFIR are used to study physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, and biology.

· Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS):
IPNS, located at Argonne National Laboratory, is a facility for research on condensed matter. It is officially designated a national collaborative research center, serving the needs of universities, industry, and other government laboratories. In addition to encouraging, aiding and performing neutron scattering research, IPNS staff are engaged in advancing pulsed neutron instrumentation, ancillary equipment and technology, such as targets, moderators, and detectors. The IPNS is funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

· Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE):
The Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center (Lujan Center) at Los Alamos National Laboratory provides an intense pulsed source of neutrons to a variety of spectrometers for neutron scattering studies. The Lujan Center features instruments for measurement of high-pressure and high-temperature samples, strain measurement, liquid studies, and texture measurement. The facility has a long history and extensive experience in handling actinide samples. A 30 Tesla magnet is also available for use with neutron scattering to study samples in high-magnetic fields. The Lujan Center is part of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), which is comprised of a high-power 800-MeV proton linear accelerator, a proton storage ring, production targets to the Lujan Center and the Weapons Neutron Research facility, and a variety of associated experiment areas and spectrometers for national security research and civilian research.

Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers

· Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMM):
The CMM is a world-class facility characterized by the entirety of its complementary array of microstructural and microchemical instrumentation in one location. It places emphasis on in-situ materials science at the atomic scale and has developed several unique instruments permitting dynamic studies in surface, interface, and thin film science as well as deformation processes in aggressive environments. CMM is one of four collaborative research centers for electron beam microcharacterization supported by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

· Electron Microscopy Center (EMC) for Materials Research:
EMC, located at Argonne National Laboratory, conducts materials research using advanced microstructural characterization methods and through the use of the microscope Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope. Research by EMC personnel includes microscopy-based studies in high Tc superconducting materials, irradiation effects in metals and semiconductors, phase transformations, and processing-related structure and chemistry of interfaces in thin films. EMC is one of four collaborative research centers for electron beam microcharacterization supported by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

· National Center for Electron Microscopy (NCEM):
NCEM, at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, maintains world class capabilities in atomic resolution electron microscopy. The facility features several unique instruments, complemented by strong expertise in computer image simulation and analysis. The center also maintains one-of-a-kind instruments for imaging of magnetic materials, and develops techniques and instrumentation for dynamic in-situ experimentation. NCEM is one of four collaborative research centers for electron beam microcharacterization supported by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

· Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) Program:
ShaRE, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is a leading facility for the microscopy and microanalysis of materials, with an emphasis on analytical microscopy. ShaRE maintains a suite of analytical electron microscopes, atom probe field ion microscopes and mechanical properties microprobes, with particular application to the development of alloys and structural ceramics, and the study of interfacial segregation, radiation effects, microtexture and residual stress. SHaRE provides a unique resource for atom probe field ion microscopy and for the microcharacterization of radioactive specimens on a routine basis. ShaRE is one of four collaborative research centers for electron beam microcharacterization supported by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

Specialized Single-Purpose Centers

· Combustion Research Facility (CRF):
CRF, located at Sandia National Laboratories, is home to about 100 scientists, engineers, and technologists who conduct basic and applied research focused on improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions from the country's energy conversion and utilization systems. The need for a thorough and basic understanding of combustion and combustion-related processes lies at the heart of the research at the CRF. CRF is funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

· Materials Preparation Center (MPC):
MPC at the Ames Laboratory is a DOE user facility sponsored by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program. MPC is recognized throughout the worldwide research community for its unique capabilities in the preparation, purification, and characterization of rare earth, alkaline-earth, and refractory metal materials.

· James R. Macdonald Laboratory (JMRL):
JMRL at Kansas State University operates a 7-MV tandem accelerator, a 9-MV superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC) and a cryogenic electron beam ion source (CRYEBIS) for the study of ion-atom collisions with highly charged ions. The tandem can operate as a stand-alone accelerator with six dedicated beam lines. The LINAC is operated as a booster accelerator to the tandem. The tandem-LINAC combination has four beam lines available. The CRYEBIS is a stand-alone facility for studying collisions with bare ions at low velocity. An ion-ion collision facility using the CYREBIS and a new ECR ion source are under development. The laboratory has a variety of experimental apparatus for atomic physics research. These include recoil ion sources, Auger electron spectrometers, X-ray spectrometers, and a 45-inch-diameter scattering chamber. The laboratory is available to users who require the unique facilities of the laboratory for atomic collision experiments. JMRL is funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

· Pulse Radiolysis Facility:
The Pulse Radiolysis Facility within the Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory at the University of Notre Dame is based on a 2-100 ns electron pulse from an 8-MeV linear accelerator. It is fully instrumented for computerized acquisition of optical and conductivity information on radiation chemical intermediates having lifetimes of 5 ns and longer. An excimer laser/dye laser combination is available for use at the pulse radiolysis facility for double-pulse experiments involving photolysis of radiolytic transients. Energies of ~400 mJ at 308 nm and ~50 mJ at various near-UV and visible wavelengths are available. This facility is funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences program.

Biological and Environmental Research

· William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL):
EMSL is a DOE national scientific user facility located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program. As a national scientific user facility and a research organization, EMSL provides advanced resources to scientists engaged in fundamental research on the physical, chemical and biological processes that underpin critical scientific issues, conducts fundamental research in molecular and computational sciences to achieve a better understanding of biological and environmental effects associated with energy technologies—to provide a basis for new and improved energy technologies, and in support of DOE's other missions. EMSL also educates scientists in the molecular and computational sciences to meet the demanding challenges of the future.

· Joint Genome Institute (JGI):
JGI, established in 1997, is one of the largest and most productive publicly funded human genome sequencing institutes in the world. JGI was founded by three DOE national laboratories managed by the University of California: Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore national laboratories, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program. JGI assumed a significant role in the effort to determine the 3 billion letters ("base pairs") worth of genetic text that make up the human genome and currently conducts genome sequencing programs that include vertebrates, fungi, plants, bacteria, and other single-celled microbes.

· Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM):
The ARM program maintains observation sites in the Southern Great Plains, the Tropical Western Pacific, and the North Slope of Alaska, gathering data on solar (incoming) and infrared (outgoing) radiation to improve the modeling of clouds and radiation in general circulation climate models. This program is funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program.

· Free Air CO2 Experiment (FACE):
FACE is a climate change research program funded by DOE’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program. FACE technology provides a whole ecosystem platform to study the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on terrestrial systems.

· Structural Biology Center (SBC):
SBC operates a national user facility for macromolecular crystallography at Sector 19 of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The SBC makes available to scientific community two experimental stations: an insertion-device, 19ID, and a bending-magnet, 19BM and a biochemistry laboratory. SBC beamlines are well suited for a wide range of crystallographic experiments. SBC receives support from DOE’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program.

Fusion Energy Sciences

· DIII-D Tokamak Facility:
DIII-D, located at General Atomics in San Diego, California, is the largest magnetic fusion facility in the U.S. and is operated as a DOE national user facility. DIII-D has been a major contributor to the world fusion program over the past decade in areas of plasma turbulence, energy and particle transport, electron-cyclotron plasma heating and current drive, plasma stability, and boundary layers physics using a “magnetic divertor” to control the magnetic field configuration at the edge of the plasma. DOE’s Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences program is a major supporter in the operation of this facility.

· Alcator C-Mod:
Alcator C-Mod at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is operated as a DOE national user facility. Alcator C-Mod is a unique, compact tokamak facility that uses intense magnetic fields to confine high-temperature, high-density plasmas in a small volume. One of its unique features are the metal (molybdenum) walls to accommodate high power densities. Alcator C-Mod has made significant contributions to the world fusion program in the areas of plasma heating, stability, and confinement of high field tokamaks, which are important integrating issues related to ignition of burning of fusion plasma. DOE’s Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences program, is a significant contributor to the operation of this facility.

· National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX):
NSTX is an innovative magnetic fusion device that was constructed by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in collaboration with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Columbia University, and the University of Washington at Seattle. It is one of the world’s two largest embodiments of the spherical torus confinement concept. Like DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod, NSTX is also operated as a DOE national scientific user facility. NSTX has a unique, nearly spherical plasma shape that provides a test of the theory of toroidal magnetic confinement as the spherical limit is approached. Plasmas in spherical torii have been predicted to be stable even when high ratios of plasma-to-magnetic pressure and self-driven current fraction exist simultaneously in the presence of a nearby conducting wall bounding the plasma. If these predictions are verified, it would indicate that spherical torii use applied magnetic fields more efficiently than most other magnetic confinement systems and could, therefore, be expected to lead to more cost-effective fusion power systems in the long term. DOE’s Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences program is the major contributor to the operation of this facility.

High Energy Physics

· Tevatron Collider:
Tevatron is the world's highest-energy particle accelerator. It is located and managed by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. The Tevatron, four miles in circumference and originally named the Energy Doubler when it began operation in 1983, is the world's highest-energy particle accelerator. Its 1,000 superconducting magnets are cooled by liquid helium to -268 degrees C (-450 degrees F). Its low-temperature cooling system was the largest ever built when it was placed in operation in 1983. Two major components of the Standard Model of Fundamental Particles and Forces were discovered at Fermilab: the bottom quark (May-June 1977) and the top quark (February 1995). In July 2000, Fermilab experimenters announced the first direct observation of the tau neutrino, the last fundamental particle to be observed. Filling the final slot in the Standard Model, the tau neutrino set the stage for new discoveries and new physics with the inauguration of Collider Run II of the Tevatron in March 2001. DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program supports the Tevatron Collider as well as 90 percent of the federally funded research in high-energy physics in the U.S.

· Main Injector:
The Main Injector, completed in 1999, is an accelerator facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. It accelerates particles and transfers beams. It has four functions: (1) It accelerates protons from 8 GeV to 150 GeV. (2) It produces 120 GeV protons, which are used for antiproton production (see picture and text at bottom). (3) It receives antiprotons from the Antiproton Source and increases their energy to 150 GeV. (4) It injects protons and antiprotons into the Tevatron. Inside the Main Injector tunnel, physicists have also installed an Antiproton Recycler (green ring). It stores antiprotons that return from a trip through the Tevatron, waiting to be re-injected. The Main Injector is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Booster Neutrino (BooNE):
BooNE is a facility managed by at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. BooNE investigates the question of neutrino mass by searching for neutrino oscillations from muon neutrinos to electron neutrinos. This is done by directing a muon neutrino beam into the MiniBooNE detector and looking for electron neutrinos. This experiment is motivated by the oscillation results reported by the LSND experiment at Los Alamos. By changing the muon neutrino beam into an anti-neutrino beam, BooNE can explore oscillations from muon anti-neutrinos to electron anti-neutrinos. A comparison between neutrino and anti-neutrino results will tell us about CP- and CPT-violation. The BooNE collaboration consists of approximately sixty-five physicists from 13 institutions but is primarily supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI):
NuMI is a facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois, that uses protons from the Main Injector accelerator to produce a beam of neutrinos aimed at the Soudan Mine in Northern Minnesota. NuMI is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· B-Factory:
The B-Factory at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center near Menlo Park, California, consists of a portion of the 3.2 kilometer- (2-mile-) long linear accelerator, a set of circular storage rings for electrons and positrons, and a large detector. At this facility, beams of electrons and positrons will collide nearly (but not quite) head-on and make B mesons. The mesons, each containing a bottom (or anti-bottom) quark will decay after a short interval, providing information about the mysterious CP-violation phenomenon. B-Factory as well as the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center are supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA ):
NLCTA at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center near Menlo Park, California, is a small accelerator that is a prototype for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) accelerator design. This test facility has been run using an NLC prototype klystron and has produced electron bunch accelerations that meet the NLC design criteria. Further testing and prototyping is being carried out to design and test efficient production methods for such a structure. The NLCTA is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB):
FFTB facility at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center near Menlo Park, California, was built in 1993 by an international collaboration and includes magnets and other beam elements constructed in Russia, Japan, and Germany, as well as the U.S. Its purpose is to investigate the factors that limit the size and stability of the beam at the collision point for a linear collider. Since the rate of collisions depends on beam density, the ability to focus the beam to a tiny size at the collision is one of the critical parameters that will determine the research capability of such a facility. FFTB is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Accelerator Test Facility (ATF):
ATF at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island in Upton, New York, is a users facility dedicated for long-term R&D in Physics of Beams. The ATF core capabilities include a high-brightness photoinjector electron gun, a 70 MeV linac, high power lasers synchronized to the electron beam to a picosecond level, four beam lines (most with energy spectrometers) and a sophisticated computer control system. ATF users, from universities, national labs and industry, are carrying out R&D on Advanced Accelerator Physics and are studying the interactions of high power electromagnetic radiation and high brightness electron beams, including laser acceleration of electrons and Free-Electron Lasers. Other topics include the development of electron beams with extremely high brightness, photo-injectors, electron beam and radiation diagnostics and computer controls. ATF is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program and Basic Energy Sciences program.

Nuclear Physics

· Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC):
RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a world-class scientific research facility that began operation in 2000, following 10 years of development and construction. Hundreds of physicists from around the world use RHIC to study what the universe may have looked like in the first few moments after its creation. RHIC drives two intersecting beams of gold ions head-on, in a subatomic collision. What physicists learn from these collisions may help us understand more about why the physical world works the way it does, from the smallest subatomic particles, to the largest stars. RHIC is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF):
CEBAF at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Virginia, supports Jefferson Lab's main mission of nuclear physics research. Based on superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerating technology, CEBAF is the world's most advanced particle accelerator for investigating the quark structure of the atom's nucleus. CEBAF is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Bates Linear Accelerator Center:
Bates Linear Accelerator Center is a university-based facility for nuclear physics, operated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program, as a National User Facility. Over 200 physicists from 52 institutions are currently involved in active experiments at Bates. Bates carries out frontier research in nuclear physics with electron beams up to approximately 1 GeV in energy. Active areas of study presently at Bates include determination of the strange quark contribution to the intrinsic magnetism of the proton (SAMPLE) and a precise determination of the small components of the transition of the nucleon to its first excited state (OOPS). For the future, a major new detector is under construction to measure spin-dependent electron scattering from polarized nuclei (BLAST). In addition to carrying out research in nuclear physics, Bates has educated and trained a large number of students and post-docs in nuclear physics over the last twenty years.

· Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF):
HRIBF at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, began operation in early 1997 providing accelerated radioactive ion beams (RIBs) for research in nuclear structure physics and nuclear astrophysics. The HRIBF incorporates two previously existing ORNL accelerators with a newly constructed RIB injector system (high voltage production target and ion source platform together with two stages of mass separation) into a coupled system for the production and acceleration of radioactive ions. The facility is based on the isotope separator on-line (ISOL) method using the k=100 Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC) to provide intense light-ion (p, d, ^3,4He) beams for production of radioactive species and the 25 MV ORNL Tandem to accelerate the RIBs to energies required for nuclear physics research. HRIBF is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS):
ATLAS is a national user facility at Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, Illinois. ATLAS is the world's first heavy-ion accelerator to use superconducting elements for beam focusing and acceleration. Its superconducting resonators make possible a continuous beam. Traditional materials would produce too much heat, requiring a pulsed beam. Physicists from institutions across the United States and more than a dozen foreign countries participate in experiments at the facility. Physicists from all over the world use ATLAS to probe the structure of the atomic nucleus by studying the gamma rays and particles emitted when ion beams smash into targets. The 500-foot-long accelerator is capable of accelerating ions (atoms stripped of one or more electrons) of any element up to uranium to energies as high as 17 million electron volts (MeV) per nucleon - about 15 percent of the speed of light. ATLAS staff currently are investigating the possibility of accelerating unstable (radioactive) atoms with a new addition to ATLAS called the Rare Isotope Accelerator. Beams of unstable ions would be extremely valuable in a wide range of studies, including nuclear astrophysics--the field that attempts to understand the origin and abundance of the elements that make up all matter in the universe. ATLAS is supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program.

· Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL):
TUNL is funded by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program, with research faculty from three major universities within the Research Triangle area: Duke University, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Located on the campus of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, behind the Physics department, TUNL draws additional collaborators from many universities in the southeast, as well as from labs and universities across the country and all over the world.

· Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute:
Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute is a DOE university facility that is jointly supported by DOE’s Office of Science, High Energy and Nuclear Physics program, and the State of Texas. It is a major technical resource for the State and the Nation. Internationally recognized for its research contributions, the institute provides the primary infrastructure support for the University’s graduate programs in nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics. The Institute’s programs focus on conducting basic research, educating students in accelerator-based science and technology, and providing technical capabilities in a wide variety of applications in space science, materials science, analytical procedures, and nuclear medicine.

· University of Washington Tandem Van de Graaff:
The University of Washington tandem Van de Graaff accelerator provides precisely characterized proton beams for extended running periods for research in fundamental nuclear interactions and nuclear astrophysics. The accelerator is part of the Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics (CENPA) at the University of Washington in Seattle. CENPA supports a broad program of experimental physics research, providing a unique setting for the training and education of graduate students in the U.S., where they have the opportunity to be involved in all aspects of low energy nuclear research.

· The Yale University Tandem Van de Graaff:
The Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory (WNSL) at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, houses a powerful stand-alone tandem Van de Graaff accelerator, capable of terminal voltages in excess of 20 MV. There are active in-house research programs in nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics, and relativistic heavy ion physics. The nuclear structure group studies the behavior of the atomic nucleus under the induced stress of high angular momentum, high excitation energies, or extreme ratios of proton to neutron number. The nuclear astrophysics program centers on the study of the nuclear reactions involved in explosive nucleosynthesis. The facility provides a variety of stable beams for an extensive suite of instruments that, along with the opportunity for extended running times, making possible detailed studies on symmetry, collective structures, and evolution of properties in nuclei and nuclear astrophysics.