| Standard Precautions |
| | Use Standard Precautions for the care of all patients |
| Airborne Precautions |
| | In addition to Standard Precautions, use Airborne Precautions for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet
nuclei. Examples of such illnesses include: |
| | | Measles |
| | | Varicella (including disseminated zoster)† |
| | | Tuberculosis‡ |
| Droplet Precautions |
| | In addition to Standard Precautions, use Droplet Precautions for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by large particle
droplets. Examples of such illnesses include: |
| | Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, including
meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and sepsis |
| | Invasive Neisseria meningitidis disease, including meningitis,
pneumonia, and sepsis |
| | Other serious bacterial respiratory infections spread by droplet
transmission, including: |
| | | Diphtheria (pharyngeal) |
| | | Mycoplasma pneumonia |
| | | Pertussis |
| | | Pneumonic plague |
| | | Streptococcal (group A) pharyngitis, pneumonia, or scarlet fever in infants and young children |
| | Serious viral infections spread by droplet transmission, including: |
| | | Adenovirus† |
| | | Influenza |
| | | Mumps |
| | | Parvovirus B19 |
| | | Rubella |
| Contact Precautions |
| | In addition to Standard Precautions, use Contact Precautions for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct
patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment. Examples
of such illnesses include: |
| | Gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, or wound infections or colonization
with multidrug-resistant bacteria judged by the infection control program, based
on current state, regional, or national recommendations, to be of special
clinical and epidemiologic significance |
| | Enteric infections with a low infectious dose or prolonged environmental
survival, including: |
| | | Clostridium difficile
|
| | | For diapered or incontinent patients: enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella, hepatitis A, or rotavirus |
| | Respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, or enteroviral infections
in infants and young children |
| | Skin infections that are highly contagious or that may occur on dry skin,
including: |
| | | Diphtheria (cutaneous) |
| | | Herpes simplex virus (neonatal or mucocutaneous) |
| | | Impetigo |
| | | Major (noncontained) abscesses, cellulitis, or decubiti |
| | | Pediculosis |
| | | Scabies |
| | | Staphylococcal furunculosis in infants and young children |
| | | Zoster (disseminated or in the immunocompromised host)† |
| | Viral/hemorrhagic conjunctivitis |
| | Viral hemorrhagic infections (Ebola, Lassa, or Marburg)* |
"Guidelines for
Preventing the Transmission of Tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities."(23)