The Acting Assistant Secretary for Health chaired a review of progress on Healthy
People 2000 objectives related to preventing and controlling HIV infection. The Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as lead agency for this priority area, presented
a report on trends, surveillance, prevention, care and treatment, as well as research
issues. The status of objectives for which there have been recent updates is as follows:
18.1 The incidence of AIDS cases per 100,000 in the total population declined
from 29.8 in 1994 to 28.6 in 1995, continuing a downward trend which began in 1993. Among
targeted sub-groups, a decline in incidence was recorded for blacks (from 102.9 in 1994 to
100.5 in 1995) and for Hispanics (from 49.4 to 47.1.) In women, however, the incidence
rose from 10.9 in 1994 to 11.2 in 1995. The number of new AIDS cases reported in men who
have sex with men declined from 34,146 in 1994 to 30,696 in 1995. Among injecting drug
users, the number of new cases declined from 20,734 in 1994 to 19,100 in 1995. These data
are by year of diagnosis, adjusted for delays in reporting and under-reporting.
18.3 Among 15-year old adoles-cents, the proportion of females who reported
having had sexual inter-course declined from 27 percent in 1988 to 22 percent in 1995; the
pro-portion of males declined from 33 percent in 1988 to 27 percent in 1995. The year 2000
target is 15 percent. Among 17-year olds, the proportion of females remained much the
same50 percent in 1988 and 51 percent in 1995. The target is 40 percent.
Supplemental data for in-school adolescents show mixed trends.
18.4 Condom use at last sexual intercourse has increased. Among sexually active
unmarried females aged 15-44, use increased from 19 percent in 1988 to 25 percent in 1995.
The target is 50 percent. Among black females, use doubled from 12.4 percent in 1988 to 25
percent in 1995. The target is 75 percent. Among sexually active young women aged 15-19 in
grades 9-12, use increased from 40 percent in 1990 to 49 percent in 1995. The target is 60
percent. Among sexually active males aged 15-19 in grades 9-12, use increased from 49
percent in 1990 to 61 percent in 1995. The target is 75 percent. It is understood that
condom use is by the partner in the percentages reported for females.
18.5 In 1995, 34.1 percent of injecting drug users were in treatment, a decline
from 47.8 percent in 1994. The target is 50 percent.
18.6 The percentage of injecting drug users in treatment in 1992-96 who did not
share needles was estimated as 60 percent. The target is 75 percent.
18.8 For 83 percent of all positive HIV tests in 1995, the people tested
returned for counseling. Some people may have been tested more than once. This exceeds the
target of 80 percent.
18.10 In 1994, 86 percent of middle and senior high schools provided instruction
about HIV prevention in required courses; 84 percent provided instruction about STD
prevention in required courses. The target is to have 95 percent of schools offer at least
one STD class.
18.11 In 1995, 49.1 percent of students at colleges and universities were given
AIDS or HIV infection prevention information; 43.4 per-cent received STD prevention
information; and 41.4 percent were taught about AIDS or HIV in a college class. The target
is 90 percent in each category.
18.13 In 1994, 81.8 percent of Title X funded family planning clinics provided
pretest counseling on HIV to their clients, an increase from 66 percent in 1990. HIV
testing for clients was provided by 73.5 per-cent of these clinics, compared with 60
percent in 1990.
18.15 The proportion of sexually active females aged 15-17 who, in 1995,
reported abstaining from sexual intercourse for 3 months prior to the interview was 27
percent. Supplemental data indicate that 23 percent of in-school sexually active females
aged 15-17 reported such abstention, as did 34 percent of in-school sexually active males
aged 15-17. The target for males and females is 40 percent.
18.16 In 1995, 2 percent of small businesses (15-49 employees) and 25 percent of
large businesses (750 or more employees) had compre-hensive HIV/AIDS workplace programs
that included policies, man-n agement training and employee education. The targets are 10
percent and 50 percent, respectively. The proportion of businesses having policies on
HIV/AIDS in 1995 was as follows: small businesses, 18 percent; medium businesses (50-749
employees), 42 percent; large businesses, 79 percent. Management training in HIV/AIDS was
pro-n vided in the following proportions: small businesses,18 percent; medium businesses,
41 percent; large businesses, 77 percent. The proportion offering employee education in
HIV/AIDS was as fol-n lows: small businesses, 6 percent; medium businesses, 16 percent;
large businesses, 32 percent.