2002 NAICS Definitions
511 Publishing Industries (except Internet)

511 Publishing Industries (except Internet)

Industries in the Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector group establishments engaged in the publishing of newspapers, magazines, other periodicals, and books, as well as directory and mailing list and software publishing. In general, these establishments, which are known as publishers, issue copies of works for which they usually possess copyright. Works may be in one or more formats including traditional print form, CD-ROM, or proprietary electronic networks. Publishers may publish works originally created by others for which they have obtained the rights and/or works that they have created in-house. Software publishing is included here because the activity, creation of a copyrighted product and bringing it to market, is equivalent to the creation process for other types of intellectual products.

In NAICS, publishing the reporting, writing, editing, and other processes that are required to create an edition of a newspaper is treated as a major economic activity in its own right, rather than as a subsidiary activity to a manufacturing activity, printing. Thus, publishing is classified in the Information sector; whereas, printing remains in the NAICS Manufacturing sector. In part, the NAICS classification reflects the fact that publishing increasingly takes place in establishments that are physically separate from the associated printing establishments. More crucially, the NAICS classification of book and newspaper publishing is intended to portray their roles in a modern economy, in which they do not resemble manufacturing activities.

Music publishers are not included in the Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector, but are included in the Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries subsector. Reproduction of prepackaged software is treated in NAICS as a manufacturing activity; on-line distribution of software products is in the Information sector, and custom design of software to client specifications is included in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector. These distinctions arise because of the different ways that software is created, reproduced, and distributed.

The Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector does not include establishments that publish exclusively on the Internet. Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are included in Subsector 516, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting. The Publishing Industries (except Internet) subsector also excludes products, such as manifold business forms. Information is not the essential component of these items. Establishments producing these items are included in Subsector 323, Printing and Related Support Activities.

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing newspapers, magazines, other periodicals, books, directories and mailing lists, and other works, such as calendars, greeting cards, and maps. These works are characterized by the intellectual creativity required in their development and are usually protected by copyright. Publishers distribute or arrange for the distribution of these works.

Publishing establishments may create the works in-house, contract for, purchase, or compile works that were originally created by others. These works may be published in one or more formats, such as print and/or electronic form, including proprietary electronic networks. Establishments in this industry may print, reproduce, or offer direct access to the works themselves or may arrange with others to carry out such functions.

Establishments that both print and publish may fill excess capacity with commercial or job printing. However, the publishing activity is still considered to be the primary activity of these establishments.

51111 Newspaper Publishers

See industry description for 511110 below.

511110 Newspaper Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as newspaper publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out operations necessary for producing and distributing newspapers, including gathering news; writing news columns, feature stories, and editorials; and selling and preparing advertisements. These establishments may publish newspapers in print or electronic form.

Cross-References.

• Establishments publishing newspapers exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting;
• Establishments primarily engaged in printing newspapers without publishing are classified in Industry 323110, Printing;
• Establishments, such as trade associations, schools and universities, and social welfare organizations that publish newsletters for distribution to their membership, but that are not commonly known as newspaper publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation;
• Establishments primarily engaged in supplying the news media with information, such as news, reports, and pictures, are classified in Industry 519110, News Syndicates; and
• Establishments of independent representatives primarily engaged in selling advertising space are classified in Industry 541840, Media Representatives.

Go to:

2002 NAICS to 1997 NAICS

2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC

1997 Economic Census

Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC

2002 NAICS	1997 NAICS	1987 SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
511110	511110	2711	Newspaper branch offices
511110	511110	2711	Newspaper publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511110	511110	2711	Newspaper publishers and printing combined
511110	511110	2711	Publishers, newspaper (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511110	511110	2711	Publishers, newspaper, combined with printing

51112 Periodical Publishers

See industry description for 511120 below.

511120 Periodical Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known either as magazine publishers or periodical publishers. These establishments carry out the operations necessary for producing and distributing magazines and other periodicals, such as gathering, writing, and editing articles, and selling and preparing advertisements. These establishments may publish magazines and other periodicals in print or electronic form.

Cross-References.

• Establishments publishing periodicals exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting;
• Establishments primarily engaged in printing periodicals without publishing are classified in Industry 323110, Printing;
• Establishments, such as trade associations, schools and universities, and social welfare organizations, that publish magazines and periodicals for distribution to their membership, but that are not commonly known as periodical publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation;
• Establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; and
• Establishments of independent representatives primarily engaged in selling advertising space are classified in Industry 541840, Media Representatives.

Go to:

2002 NAICS to 1997 NAICS

2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC

1997 Economic Census

Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC

2002 NAICS	1997 NAICS	1987 SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
511120	511120	2741	Advertising periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2741	Advertising periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Agricultural magazine and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publis
511120	511120	2721	Agricultural magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Comic book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Comic book publishers and printing combined (except exclusive Internet publishing
511120	511120	2721	Financial magazine and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishin
511120	511120	2721	Financial magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Juvenile magazine and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing
511120	511120	2721	Juvenile magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Magazine publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Magazine publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Medical journal and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Medical journal and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Newsletter publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Newsletter publishers and printing combined (except Internet)
511120	511120	2721	Periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Professional magazine and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publis
511120	511120	2721	Professional magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing), magazine
511120	511120	2721	Publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing), periodical
511120	511120	2721	Publishers, magazine, combined with printing
511120	511120	2721	Publishers, periodical, combined with printing
511120	511120	2721	Radio guide publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Radio guide publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Radio schedule publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Radio schedule publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Religious magazine and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishin
511120	511120	2721	Religious magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Scholarly journal publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Scholarly journal publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Scholastic magazine and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishi
511120	511120	2721	Scholastic magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Scientific journal and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishin
511120	511120	2721	Scientific journal and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Technical magazine and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishin
511120	511120	2721	Technical magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Television guide publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Television guide publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Trade journal publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Trade journal publishers and printing combined
511120	511120	2721	Trade magazine and periodical publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511120	511120	2721	Trade magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined

51113 Book Publishers

See industry description for 511130 below.

511130 Book Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as book publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out design, editing, and marketing activities necessary for producing and distributing books. These establishments may publish books in print, electronic, or audio form.

Cross-References.

• Establishments publishing books on the Internet exclusively are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting;
• Establishments primarily engaged in printing books without publishing are classified in Industry 323110, Printing;
• Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers;
• Establishments, such as trade associations, schools and universities, and social welfare organizations, that publish books for distribution to their membership, that are not commonly known as book publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation; and
• Book clubs primarily engaged in direct sales activities without publishing are classified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments.

Go to:

2002 NAICS to 1997 NAICS

2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC

1997 Economic Census

Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC

2002 NAICS	1997 NAICS	1987 SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
511130	511130	2731	Almanac publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Almanac publishers and printing combined
511130	511199	2741	Atlas publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511199	2741	Atlas publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	Book (e.g., hardback, paperback, tape) publishers (except exclusive Internet publ
511130	511130	2731	Book publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	Book publishers, university press (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Dictionary publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Dictionary publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	Encyclopedia publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Encyclopedia publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	Fiction book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Fiction book publishers and printing combined
511130	511199	2741	Globe cover publishers
511130	511199	2741	Globe cover publishers and printing combined
511130	511199	2741	Guide, street map, publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511199	2741	Guide, street map, publishers and printing combined
511130	511199	2741	Map publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511199	2741	Map publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	Nonfiction book publishers (except exclusive Internet publshing)
511130	511130	2731	Nonfiction book publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	Pamphlet publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Pamphlet publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	Professional book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Professional book publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	Publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing), book
511130	511199	2741	Publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing), map
511130	511130	2731	Publishers, book, combined with printing
511130	511130	2731	Religious book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Religious book publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	School book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	School book publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	School textbook publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	School textbook publishers and printing combined
511130	511199	2741	Street map guide publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2741	Technical manual and paperback book publishers (except exclusive Internet publish
511130	511130	2741	Technical manual and paperback book publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2741	Technical manual publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Travel guide book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511130	511130	2731	Travel guide book publishers and printing combined
511130	511130	2731	University press publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)

51114 Directory and Mailing List Publishers

See industry description for 511140 below.

511140 Directory and Mailing List Publishers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories, mailing lists, and collections or compilations of fact. The products are typically protected in their selection, arrangement and/or presentation. Examples are lists of mailing addresses, telephone directories, directories of businesses, collections or compilations of proprietary drugs or legal case results, compilations of public records, etc. These establishments may publish directories and mailing lists in print or electronic form.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Developing and publishing, exclusively on the Internet, collections or compilations of creative works or facts--are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting;
• Compiling mailing lists in conjunction with providing direct mail advertising services--are classified in Industry 541860, Direct Mail Advertising;
• Printing without publishing directories and mailing lists--are classified in Industry 323110, Printing;
• Operating web search portals--are classified in U.S. Industry 518112, Web Search Portals;
• Publishing computer software--are classified in Industry 511210, Software Publishers;
• Creating and publishing encyclopedias and similar collections of creative works in print and/or electronic media--are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers; and
• Creating and publishing collections of creative works that are periodically updated--are classified in Industry 511120, Periodical Publishers.

Go to:

2002 NAICS to 1997 NAICS

2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC

1997 Economic Census

Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC

2002 NAICS	1997 NAICS	1987 SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
511140	511140	7331	Address list publishers (except exlusive Internet publishing)
511140	511140	7331	Address list publishers and printing combined
511140	511140	2741	Business directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511140	511140	2741	Business directory publishers and printing combined
511140	511140	2741	Catalog of collections publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511140	511140	2741	Catalog of collections publishers and printing combined
511140	511140	2741	Directory and mailing list publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511140	511140		Directory and mailing list publishers and printing combined
511140	511140	2741	Directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511140	511140	2741	Directory publishers and printing combined
511140	511140		Electronic directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511140	511140	7331	Mailing list publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511140	511140	2741	Publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing), directory
511140	511140	2741	Telephone directory publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511140	511140	2741	Telephone directory publishers and printing combined

51119 Other Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, directory, mailing list, and music publishers). These establishments may publish works in print or electronic form.

Cross-References.

• Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting;
• Establishments known as newspaper publishers are classified in Industry 511110, Newspaper Publishers;
• Establishments known as magazine and other periodical publishers are classified in Industry 511120, Periodical Publishers;
• Establishments known as book publishers are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers;
• Establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers;
• Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers; and
• Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing manifold business forms are classified in Industry 323110, Printing.

511191 Greeting Card Publishers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing greeting cards.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Publishing greeting cards exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting; and
• Printing greeting cards without publishing--are classified in Industry 323110, Printing.

Go to:

2002 NAICS to 1997 NAICS

2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC

1997 Economic Census

Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC

2002 NAICS	1997 NAICS	1987 SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
511191	511191	2771	Greeting card publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511191	511191	2771	Greeting card publishers and printing combined
511191	511191	2771	Publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing), greeting card
511191	511191	2771	Publishers, greeting card, combined with printing

511199 All Other Publishers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments generally known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, directory, database, music, and greeting card publishers). These establishments may publish works in print or electronic form.

Cross-References.

• Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting;
• Establishments known as newspaper publishers are classified in Industry 511110, Newspaper Publishers;
• Establishments known as magazine or other periodical publishers are classified in Industry 511120, Periodical Publishers;
• Establishments known as book publishers are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers;
• Establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers;
• Establishments primarily engaged in greeting card publishing are classified in U.S. Industry 511191, Greeting Card Publishers;
• Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers;
• Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing manifold business forms are classified in U.S. Industry 323116, Manifold Business Forms Printing; and
• Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing day schedulers are classified in U.S. Industry 323118, Blankbooks, Looseleaf Binders, and Devices Manufacturing.

Go to:

2002 NAICS to 1997 NAICS

2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC

1997 Economic Census

Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC

2002 NAICS	1997 NAICS	1987 SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
511199	511199	2741	Art print (except exclusive Internet publishing) publishers
511199	511199	2741	Art print publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Art publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Calendar publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Calendar publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Catalog (i.e., mail order, store merchandise) publishers (except exclusive Intern
511199	511199	2741	Catalog (i.e., mail order, store merchandise) publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Children's coloring book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Diary and time scheduler publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Discount coupon book publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Discount coupon book publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Limited editions art print publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Pattern and plan (e.g., clothing patterns) publishers (except exclusive Internet
511199	511199	2741	Pattern and plan (e.g., clothing patterns) publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Postcard publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Postcard publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Poster publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Poster publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing), racing form
511199	511199	2741	Racetrack program publishers (except Internet)
511199	511199	2741	Racetrack program publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Racing form publishers (except exclusive Internet publishing)
511199	511199	2741	Racing form publishers and printing combined
511199	511199	2741	Yearbook (e.g., high school, college, university) publishers (except exclusive In
511199	511199	2741	Yearbook (e.g., high school, college, university) publishers and printing combine

5112 Software Publishers

51121 Software Publishers

See industry description for 511210 below.

511210 Software Publishers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in computer software publishing or publishing and reproduction. Establishments in this industry carry out operations necessary for producing and distributing computer software, such as designing, providing documentation, assisting in installation, and providing support services to software purchasers. These establishments may design, develop, and publish, or publish only.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Reselling packaged software--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade;
• Providing access to software for clients from a central host site--are classified in Industry 518210, Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services;
• Designing software to meet the needs of specific users--are classified in U.S. Industry 541511, Custom Computer Programming Services; and
• Mass duplication of software--are classified in U.S. Industry 334611, Software Reproducing.

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No change 1997 to 2002

2002 NAICS to 1987 SIC

1997 Economic Census

Bridge Between 1997 NAICS and SIC

2002 NAICS	1997 NAICS	1987 SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
511210	511210	7372	Applications software, computer, packaged
511210	511210	7372	Computer software publishers, packaged
511210	511210	7372	Computer software publishing and reproduction
511210	511210	7372	Games, computer software, publishing
511210	511210	7372	Operating systems software, computer, packaged
511210	511210	7372	Packaged computer software publishers
511210	511210	7372	Programming language and compiler software publishers, packaged
511210	511210	7372	Publishers, packaged computer software
511210	511210	7372	Software computer, packaged, publishers
511210	511210	7372	Software publishers
511210	511210	7372	Software publishers, packaged
511210	511210	7372	Utility software, computer, packaged

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