The White House welcomed a statement of interdiction principles released in Paris September 4 by eleven nations that are participating in the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI).

The participating countries are Australia, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United States. Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security John Bolton led the U.S. delegation. Previous meetings occurred on June 12 in Madrid and July 9-10 in Brisbane.

The PSI was announced by President Bush in Krakow, Poland, on May 31. It is described as an effort "to reinforce, not replace" existing nonproliferation regimes to curb the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), ballistic missiles and related technology to "states and non-state actors of proliferation concern," according to the White House statement. The statement also says that the PSI principles "are fully consistent with national legal authorities, and with relevant international law and frameworks."

In an accompanying fact sheet, the White House says that the PSI "seeks to involve in some capacity all states that have a stake in nonproliferation and the ability and willingness to take steps to stop the flow of such items at sea, in the air or on land. The PSI also seeks cooperation from any state whose vessels, flags, ports, territorial waters, airspace or land might be used for proliferation purposes by states and non-state actors of proliferation concern."

The White House fact sheet contains the statement on interdiction principles released September 4 in Paris. The essential elements of the principles are:

-- Effectively interdict WMD, delivery systems and related materials to and from entities of proliferation concern.

-- Be able to exchange information rapidly on suspected proliferation actions, dedicate sufficient resources to the effort and maximize coordination with other interdiction participants.

-- Strengthen national legal authorities to accomplish interdictions, as well as international laws and frameworks.

-- Take specific actions in support of interdiction efforts, including:

-- Forego transporting targeted cargoes or aiding in their transport.

-- Take the initiative to board and search any vessel under their jurisdiction in another state's waters suspected of carrying targeted cargoes.

-- Seriously consider allowing its own vessels to be boarded and searched by other states when targeted cargo is suspected.

-- Take steps to board and search other states' vessels in a state's territorial waters and harbors.

-- Require aircraft suspected of carrying targeted cargoes in transit over their airspace to land for inspection and possible seizure of such cargoes -- or deny such aircraft transit rights in advance.

-- If their ports, airfields or other facilities are used to ship proliferant cargo to suspected proliferators, inspect the suspected cargo craft and seize such cargo.

Proliferation Security Initiative
Statement of Interdiction Principles

The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) is a response to the growing challenge posed by the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), their delivery systems, and related materials worldwide. The PSI builds on efforts by the international community to prevent proliferation of such items, including existing treaties and regimes. It is consistent with and a step in the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Presidential Statement of January 1992, which states that the proliferation of all WMD constitutes a threat to international peace and security, and underlines the need for member states of the U.N. to prevent proliferation. The PSI is also consistent with recent statements of the G-8 and the European Union, establishing that more coherent and concerted efforts are needed to prevent the proliferation of WMD, their delivery systems, and related materials. PSI participants are deeply concerned about this threat and of the danger that these items could fall into the hands of terrorists, and are committed to working together to stop the flow of these items to and from states and non-state actors of proliferation concern.

The PSI seeks to involve in some capacity all states that have a stake in nonproliferation and the ability and willingness to take steps to stop the flow of such items at sea, in the air, or on land. The PSI also seeks cooperation from any state whose vessels, flags, ports, territorial waters, airspace, or land might be used for proliferation purposes by states and non-state actors of proliferation concern. The increasingly aggressive efforts by proliferators to stand outside or to circumvent existing nonproliferation norms, and to profit from such trade, requires new and stronger actions by the international community. We look forward to working with all concerned states on measures they are able and willing to take in support of the PSI, as outlined in the following set of "Interdiction Principles."

Interdiction Principles for the Proliferation Security Initiative:

PSI participants are committed to the following interdiction principles to establish a more coordinated and effective basis through which to impede and stop shipments of WMD, delivery systems, and related materials flowing to and from states and non-state actors of proliferation concern, consistent with national legal authorities and relevant international law and frameworks, including the United Nations Security Council. They call on all states concerned with this threat to international peace and security to join in similarly committing to:

1) Undertake effective measures, either alone or in concert with other states, for interdicting the transfer or transport of WMD, their delivery systems, and related materials to and from states and non-state actors of proliferation concern. "States or non-state actors of proliferation concern" generally refers to those countries or entities that the PSI participants involved establish should be subject to interdiction activities because they are engaged in proliferation through: (1) efforts to develop or acquire chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons and associated delivery systems; or (2) transfers (either selling, receiving, or facilitating) of WMD, their delivery systems, or related materials.

2) Adopt streamlined procedures for rapid exchange of relevant information concerning suspected proliferation activity, protecting the confidential character of classified information provided by other states as part of this initiative, dedicate appropriate resources and efforts to interdiction operations and capabilities, and maximize coordination among participants in interdiction efforts.

3) Review and work to strengthen their relevant national legal authorities where necessary to accomplish these objectives, and work to strengthen when necessary relevant international laws and frameworks in appropriate ways to support these commitments.

4) Take specific actions in support of interdiction efforts regarding cargoes of WMD, their delivery systems, or related materials, to the extent their national legal authorities permit and consistent with their obligations under international law and frameworks, to include:

a) Not to transport or assist in the transport of any such cargoes to or from states or non-state actors of proliferation concern, and not to allow any persons subject to their jurisdiction to do so.

b) At their own initiative, or at the request and good cause shown by another state, to take action to board and search any vessel flying their flag in their internal waters or territorial seas, or areas beyond the territorial seas of any other state, that is reasonably suspected of transporting such cargoes to or from states or non-state actors of proliferation concerns, and to seize such cargoes that are identified.

c) To seriously consider providing consent under the appropriate circumstances to the boarding and searching of its own flag vessels by other states, and to the seizure of such WMD-related cargoes in such vessels that may be identified by such states.

d) To take appropriate actions to (1) stop and/or search in their internal waters, territorial seas, or contiguous zones (when declared) vessels that are reasonably suspected of carrying such cargoes to or from states or non-state actors of proliferation concern and to seize such cargoes that are identified; and (2) enforce conditions on vessels entering or leaving their ports, internal waters, or territorial seas that are reasonably suspected of carrying such cargoes, such as requiring that such vessels be subject to boarding, search, and seizure of such cargoes prior to entry.

e) At their own initiative or upon the request and good cause shown by another state, to (a) require aircraft that are reasonably suspected of carrying such cargoes to or from states or non-state actors of proliferation concern and that are transiting their airspace to land for inspection and seize any such cargoes that are identified; and/or (b) deny aircraft reasonably suspected of carrying such cargoes transit rights through their airspace in advance of such flights.

f) If their ports, airfields, or other facilities are used as transshipment points for shipment of such cargoes to or from states or non-state actors of proliferation concern, to inspect vessels, aircraft, or other modes of transport reasonably suspected of carrying such cargoes, and to seize such cargoes that are identified.