February 2001 |
ToxFAQs™ |
for |
Methylene Chloride |
(Cloruro
de Metileno) |
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This fact sheet answers the most frequently
asked health questions about methylene chloride. For more
information, you may call the ATSDR Information Center at
1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries
about hazardous substances and their health effects. This
information is important because this substance may harm you.
The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend
on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits
and habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
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HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to methylene
chloride occurs mostly from breathing contaminated air,
but may also occur through skin contact or by drinking
contaminated water. Breathing in large amounts of methylene
chloride can damage the central nervous system. Contact
of eyes or skin with methylene chloride can result in
burns. Methylene chloride has been found in at least 882
of 1,569 National Priorities List sites identified by
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). |
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What
is methylene chloride? |
Methylene chloride is a colorless liquid
with a mild, sweet odor. Another name for it is dichloromethane.
Methylene chloride does not occur naturally in the environment.
Methylene chloride is used as an industrial
solvent and as a paint stripper. It may also be found in some
aerosol and pesticide products and is used in the manufacture
of photographic film.
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What
happens to methylene chloride when it enters the environment? |
- Methylene chloride is mainly released to the environment
in air. About half of the methylene chloride in air disappears
in 53 to 127 days.
- Methylene chloride does not easily dissolve in water,
but small amounts may be found in drinking water.
- We do not expect methylene chloride to build up in plants
or animals.
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How
might I be exposed to methylene chloride? |
- The most likely way to be exposed to methylene chloride
is by breathing contaminated air.
- Breathing the vapors given off by products containing
methylene chloride. Exposure to high levels of methylene
chloride is likely if methylene chloride or a product containing
it is used in a room with inadequate ventilation.
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How
can methylene chloride affect my health? |
If you breathe in large amounts of methylene
chloride you may feel unsteady, dizzy, and have nausea and
a tingling or numbness of your finger and toes. A person breathing
smaller amounts of methylene chloride may become less attentive
and less accurate in tasks requiring hand-eye coordination.
Skin contact with methylene chloride causes burning and redness
of the skin.
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How
likely is methylene chloride to cause cancer? |
We do not know if methylene chloride
can cause cancer in humans. An increased cancer risk was seen
in mice breathing large amounts of methylene chloride for
a long time.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has
determined that methylene chloride may cause cancer in humans.
The Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS) has determined that methylene chloride can be reasonably
anticipated to be a cancer-causing chemical.
The EPA has determined that methylene
chloride is a probable cancer-causing agent in humans.
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How
does methylene chloride affect children? |
It is likely that health effects seen
in children exposed to high amounts of methylene chloride
will be similar to the effects seen in adults. We do not know
if methylene chloride can affect the ability of people to
have children or if it causes birth defects. Some birth defects
have been seen in animals inhaling very high levels of methylene
chloride.
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How
can families reduce the risk of exposure to methylene chloride? |
- Families may be exposed to methylene chloride while using
products such as paint removers. Such products should always
be used in well-ventilated areas and skin contact should
be avoided.
- Children should not be allowed to remain near indoor paint
removal activities.
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Is
there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to methylene
chloride? |
Several tests can measure exposure to
methylene chloride. These tests are not routinely available
in your doctor's office.
Methylene chloride can be detected in
the air you breathe out and in your blood. These tests are
only useful for detecting exposures that have occurred within
a few days.
It is also possible to measure carboxyhemoglobin
(a chemical formed in the blood as methylene chloride breaks
down in the body) in the blood or formic acid (a breakdown
product of methylene chloride) in the urine. These tests are
not specific for methylene chloride.
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Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? |
The EPA requires that releases of methylene
chloride of 1,000 pounds or more be reported to the federal
government.
The EPA recommends that exposure of children
to methylene chloride be limited to less than 10 milligrams
per liter of drinking water (10 mg/L) for 1 day or 2 mg/L
for 10 days.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
has established limits on the amounts of methylene chloride
that can remain after processing of spices, hops extract,
and decaffeinated coffee.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) has set limits of 25 parts methylene chloride per million
parts of workplace air (25 ppm) for 8-hour shifts and 40-hour
work weeks.
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References |
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR). 2001. Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents.
Volume III Medical Management Guidelines for Acute
Chemical Exposures: Methylene Chloride. Atlanta,
GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
Service.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR). 2000. Toxicological
Profile for methylene chloride. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
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Where can I get more information? |
ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational
and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize,
evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous
substances. You can also contact your community or state health
or environmental quality department if you have any more questions
or concerns. For more information, contact:
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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-888-42-ATSDR (1-888-422-8737)
FAX: (770)-488-4178
Email: ATSDRIC@cdc.gov
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