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    • Developmental biology (from conception to adulthood) and the biology of aging.
    • Normal functioning of genes, including their identification and expression, and the normal function of gene products, such as hormones and growth factors.
    • Normal formation of the extracellular matrix.
    • Normal cell to cell interactions.
    • More...

  • 1.2 Cancer Initiation: Alterations in ChromosomesScientific Resources and Infrastructure
    • Abnormal chromosome number.
    • Aberration in chromosomes and genes (e.g., in chronic myelogenous leukemia).
    • Damage to chromosomes and mutation in genes.
    • Failures in DNA repair.
    • Aberrant gene expression.
    • Epigenetics.
    • More...

    • Genes and signals involved in growth stimulation or repression, including oncogenes (Ras, etc.), and tumor suppressor genes (p53, etc.) and hormones and growth factors such as estrogens, androgens, TGF-beta, GM-CSF, etc.
    • More...

    • Latency, promotion, and regression.
    • Expansion of malignant cells.
    • Interaction of malignant cells with the immune system or extracellular matrix.
    • Cell detachment.
    • Cell motility.
    • Invasion.
    • Penetration of the vascular system.
    • Malignant cells in the circulation.
    • Extravasation and growth of metastases.
    • More...

    • (Note: grants coded as 1.2 in previous versions of the CSO become 1.5)
    • Informatics and informatics networks.
    • Specimen resources.
    • Epidemiological resources pertaining to biology.
    • Reagents, chemical standards.
    • Education and training of investigators.
    • More...

    • (Historical Code; for internal use only by CSO Partners. For crosswalk purposes previous 1.1 codes become 1.6)
    • More...
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