State & Private Forestry
Forest Products Laboratory
The Forest Products Conservation & Recycling Review is assembled and edited monthly by Adele Olstad and John Zerbe of the FPC&R; Technology Marketing Unit at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). Review contributions and correspondence may be sent to either Adele or John at the address below. For copies of FPL or North Central Forest Experiment Station publications,
contact FPL Information Services at the same address.
The individual items included in the Review reflect the content and tone of the original articles. Inclusion of an item does not
imply agreement nor endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of facts or opinions contained in any article. The Review does
not evaluate the accuracy of the information reported.
Forest Products Laboratory
One Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53705-2398
Phone: (608)231-9200
FAX: (608)231-9592
E-mail: FPC&R; Technology Marketing Unit OR
FPL Information Services (for publication requests)
Look for items in these categories:
Kim Stanfill-McMillan Resigns -- With mixed emotions we bid farewell to Kim, whose resignation was effective August 14. Kim joined the Technology Marketing Unit (TMU) at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) in October 1996; her primary focus was on updating Techlines, one-page summaries of technical information that connect research completed by the USDA Forest Service with potential research users. Previous to joining the TMU, she was a member of the timber bridge team at FPL. Kim decided to put her career on hold for a few years to devote full-time attention to her family, which grew from four to five in June with the adoption of Margie, a 7-month-old Vietnamese baby. Although we will miss her both professionally and personally, we all wish Kim, husband Jim, Alex (age 4), Terry (age 2-1/2), and Margie our very best.
Dividends From Wood Research, the semiannual listing of publications on wood utilization research at FPL, has been released for the period January 1 to June 30, 1999. To get on the mailing list for Dividends, contact FPL Information Services by phone (608-231-9200), Fax (608-231-9592), or e-mail (mailroom/fpl@fs.fed.us). Dividends is also available via the FPL Web site ( www.fpl.fs.fed.us/pubs.htm). Listed publications are available as PDF documents for viewing or printing.
Updates to The Forest Products Conservation & Recycling Personnel Directory -- Updates received between April 1 and August 15 have been incorporated in the FPL Web site ( (www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/99direct.pdf). A listing of these changes has also been posted ( www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/update2.htm). Follow the instructions included in the update for accessing the revised pages in the Directory.
The 1999 Forest Products Research Conference will be held November 1-3 at the Monona Terrace Convention Center, Madison, WI. This year's topic is durability of and disaster mitigation in wood frame housing. The conference is joining forces with the Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing (PATH) to build on the success of the 1998 conference, which also dealt with durability issues in housing--a summary of which can be accessed via the conference Web page at www.fpl.fs.fed.us/Notices/99FPRconf/99FPR.htm. The first 2 days of the conference will feature presentations and panel discussions on issues in housing durability and disaster mitigation; national programs and direction; effects of moisture; codes, standards, and regulatory issues; new technologies and products; and building practices. The third day will feature a national workshop to finalize a protocol for durability assessment of innovative building products and systems. The conference will include a suppliers' showcase, co-sponsor displays, and technical posters. For registration and information on accommodations, contact Karen Martinson by phone (608-231-9450), Fax (608-231-9262), or e-mail (kmartinson/fpl@fs.fed.us).
The Toll-Free Hotline on Fall Color in the National Forests will run from September 3 through November 12, or as long as foliage color lasts. Sponsored by the USDA Forest Service, the hotline is entering its 8th year of operation. Call (800) 354-4595 for a short informational report on fall foliage. For a detailed report, check out the Internet at www.fs.fed.us/news/fall.shtml.
Producing and Using Wood 1999: How to Increase Yield, Reduce Waste, and Recover Value From the Wood Resource is the title of the 2nd Southeastern Conference on Wood sponsored by the University of Tennessee, Tennessee Forestry Association, Tennessee Department of Environmental and Conservation, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The conference will be held October 12-13 in Knoxville, TN. Mornings will be devoted to presentations and afternoons to field trips. Topics include processing short lengths and small-diameter stock, yield improvements in hardwood sawing, scanning optimization techniques to improve yield, statistical process control to reduce output variation, advances in hardwood drying, process monitoring to improve wood machining, industrial intelligence in rough mill operations, CNC machining in secondary wood operations, gasification of wood wastes for energy, markets for wood residues in Virginia, fingerjointing, deconstruction material recovery and job training, recovering wood at construction sites, composting/mulching (processes and problems, health and safety concerns, and odor control at sites), reusing and recycling treated wood, and urban wood waste. The field trips will explore two innovative options for wood waste management¾a co-composting operation, where everything from wood waste to kitchen scraps is converted into nutrient-rich garden compost, and a mulch-coloring operation, where ordinary landscaping mulch is transformed into exciting colors (red, blue, orange, etc.).
For information about this program, call (423) 974-3018 or (423) 974-8842. For questions about registering, call the University of Tennessee Event Management Services at (615) 320-4962 or (800) 424-3905.
Development of a Market Strategy for Lesser Used Timber Species -- As the price of traditional timber species in North America and the tropics increases and the quality declines, manufacturers and producers are beginning to look toward species that were previously ignored. Attention toward lesser used species (LUS) in tropical areas is also gaining attention as environmental groups boycott tropical hardwoods as a way to reduce deforestation and nonsustainable forest practices. Exploratory research indicates that the decision to evaluate LUS is related to the availability of technical information describing appropriate end-use applications, the ability of LUS to be substituted for traditional species, LUS processing characteristics, availability, and price, and promotional incentives that reduce the risk associated with trial use of LUS.
Dr. Ivan Eastin of the Center for International Trade in Forest Products (CINTAFOR) and David Wright, a consultant, conducted five surveys of producer and user firms to determine what characteristics and conditions concerning lesser used woods would make them more attractive to potential purchasers. Survey participants were from Ghana, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States. A majority of the respondents in each country reported that they currently use or market LUS to some extent. However, despite their familiarity with LUS, most reported that their customers have been reluctant to try these alternatives.
When asked to evaluate the effectiveness of different marketing factors
in promoting the acceptance of LUS, the survey respondents rated
reliable supply, availability of technical information, availability of
small trial volumes, and low trial price as very important. By far the
most important, however, was the availability of a reliable supply. Two
marketing factors that received secondary importance ratings included
the availability of a range of products manufactured from LUS and the
certification of products manufactured from LUS derived from
sustainably managed tropical forests. Somewhat surprising was the
rating attributed to availability of a broad product line; respondents
considered this as only moderately effective and this item received one
of the lowest importance ratings of all the marketing factors.
Respondents from the United States rated certification of
sustainability as only moderately effective in promoting the acceptance
of LUS, while the other four respondents felt that this strategy would
be very effective. These results suggest that environmental
certification of wood products has become more accepted within the
international forest products industry than in the United States.
[Source: CINTRAFOR NEWS 13(2), Autumn 1998]
Mandatory Carbon Emissions Reduction May Be Preferable to Voluntary Schemes -- Resources for the Future (RFF), a Washington, DC environmental think-tank, has developed a mandatory carbon emissions reduction plan. Their proposal would cap emissions from 2002 through 2007 at 1996 levels--about 10% higher than 1990 levels and 20% lower than levels forecast for 2008. In the mandatory plan, some 2,000 energy production points would be required to hold permits equivalent to the volume of CO2 eventually released by the fuels they sell. To preserve fairness, the permits to emit a total of about 1,460 million metric tons of carbon would be auctioned at the mine mouth for coal, the refinery gate for crude oil, and the initial point of distribution for natural gas. Importers of fossil fuels would be included in the system.
On the other hand, the voluntary programs promise credits to companies that take immediate action to reduce carbon emissions. There is no guarantee for continuing carbon emission reductions in the future. Environmentalists have also criticized the RFF proposal as not going far enough. The RFF plan would limit the price paid for the permits. Should the auction prices rise above $25 per ton in 2002, the Government would sell extra permits. Companies could buy as many permits as they needed at that price. The ceiling price is supposed to reflect the maximum burden that U.S. society is willing to bear to reduce a ton of carbon dioxide. The proposal would be equivalent to a 6ë-per-gallon hike in gasoline prices in 2002 and 0.5ë per kilowatthour of electricity. The ceiling, a sort of safety valve, would rise 7% per year above inflation until 2008.
The permits would be freely tradeable. Ordinary permits would expire after 2 years, and those sold at the ceiling price would expire after 1 year. Three-quarters of revenues raised from the auction of permits in the first year would be returned directly to households in the form of a rebate. The remaining 25% would be distributed to the 50 States based on a formula that accounts for hardships caused to low-income households and industries. The share of revenue from the auction that accrues to States would decline by 2.5% per year.
For more information, contact Ray Kopp, Resources for the Future, 1616
P Street NW., Washington, DC 20036. Tel: (202) 328-5059; e-mail:
kopp@rff.org.
[Source: Emissions Trading Update, April 1999]
U.S. Sawmills Raise Output for Third Year -- Despite notorious restrictions on logging, American softwood sawmills have recorded a third consecutive year of increasing production; the increase in 1998 was 161 million board feet (bf). [Note: 1 bf = 0.00236 m³.] Total U.S. production of 34.8 billion bf of softwood lumber was the highest since 1990 and 91% of the all-time record of 38.235 billion set in 1987.
According to statistics gathered by the Western Wood Products Association, U.S. lumber output rose 8% from 1995 to 1998. Southern mills boosted production nearly 10% during this period, while western mills increased production by 6.5%. The greatest increase in 1998, however, was among West Coast sawmills--almost 2%. Their total of 7.92 billion bf was the greatest annual production since the 1990 total of 8.42 billion bf. As for the U.S. South, pine mills set another modern-day record with 16.14 billion bf--just short of the all-time regional record of 16.27 billion set in 1909. Southern sawmills cut 46.4% of the U.S. total last year, about the same share as that in 1997.
Only the Inland West saw a drop in production in 1998, falling 0.5% to
7.34 billion bf. Production in other areas, including the Northeast,
Midwest, and California redwood, rose slightly to 3.4 billion bf.
However, this increased production did not account for last year's
oversupplied softwood lumber markets. Other contributors included
higher imports, fewer exports, and the production of engineered wood
products that substitute for lumber.
[Source: Wood Technology, June 1999]
Buy-Recycled Campaigns Result in Recycling Gains -- Historically, problems with prices, quality, and availability of recycling products have prevented them from reaching anticipated goals. However, advertising campaigns, purchase requirements from local to national governments, and appeals for conscientious participation in product recycling are now bearing fruit--high-quality recycled products are becoming available at competitive prices. However, with the exception of paper, buy-recycled programs have not affected recycling commodities purchases significantly. That could change as buy-recycled policies debated during the late 1980s and early 1990s are implemented. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is leading the way by setting guidelines for the purchase of various recycled products.
Currently, the EPA has 36 designated products and 19 additional products are anticipated, including plastic lumber landscaping timbers. In its attempt to build recycling markets, EPA also plans to look more closely at low-value recyclables such as glass, plastics, and construction and demolition debris. For each product, EPA recommends the appropriate level of recycled content and post-consumer materials. For example, most printing & writing papers should contain 30% post-consumer recycled content. To deter violation of policy, the EPA convinced the General Services Administration (GSA), which supplies Federal agencies, to stock only recycled paper. Currently, GSA sends recycled paper to 12 agencies even if the purchase order requests virgin paper.
Moving from adoption of a buy-recycled policy to implementation has been challenging for State governments. While 47 State governments have these policies, only 30 have attempted to buy recycled copy paper. Richard Keller, director of the U.S. Conference of Mayors, knows of more than 250 local governments that now have buy-recycled policies and another 250 that are buying recycled without a formal policy, although he believes the actual numbers are significantly higher.
The Buy Recycled Business Alliance (BRBA) in Alexandria, VA, believes
that consumers reward good corporate citizens. Consequently, this
agency focuses on peer-to-peer networking and positive press exposure
for participating companies to practice recycling. BRBA launched an
advertising campaign with the Harvest Business Review to lobby Fortune
1000 company CEOs to buy recycled. Every other month for 1 year, the
CEOs received a message from BRBA that emphasized a buy-recycled theme,
such as construction and renovation, remanufacturing, and office
products. Organizations such as BRBA and EPA's WasteWise are not only
looking at the recycled products that companies buy and use, but also
what they stock on their retail shelves.
[Source: Waste Age, July 1999]
District Energy of St. Paul Plans to Build a 25-MW Co-Generation
Biomass Plant in downtown St. Paul directly adjacent to the new
Minnesota Science Museum. The new plant would utilize urban wood waste
within a 70-mile (113-km) radius of the Twin Cities metropolitan area.
Steve Bratkovich, forest products specialist with the USDA Forest
Service Northeastern Area, has been working with District Energy
personnel to develop a proposal to seek funding for (1) a tree waste
biomass project interpretation plan for both the District Energy plant
and the Science Museum and (2) implementation of demonstration biomass
plantings and interpretive panels on land adjacent to the energy plant
and museum. Long-range plans are to have a biomass exhibit at the new
Science Museum, an Energy Tree Visitor Gallery at the biomass plant, an
onsite hybrid poplar energy forest, and a series of murals on the urban
tree biomass plant that will convey the story of the relationship
between trees and solar energy. For more information, contact Steve
Bratkovich at (651) 649-5246, by Fax (651) 649-5238, or by e-mail
(bratk001@tc.umn.edu).
[Source: Northeastern Area News Notes, July 1999]
Round Trips for Wood Pallets in U.S./China Trade Seen as Beneficial -- The
National Wooden Pallet and Container Association (NWPCA) is promoting
U.S. recycling of U.S.-manufactured wood shipping crates and pallets
used for shipping exports to China. Noting that USDA regulations now
require Chinese wood packaging to be heat treated, fumigated, or
treated with preservatives before shipping to the United States, NWPCA
suggests that reuse of U.S.-manufactured wood packaging is the least
cost method for shipping materials from China to the United States.
More information may be obtained by calling NWPCA at (703) 527-7667.
[Source: Resource Recovery Report, July 1999]
Architectural Journal Attempts to Balance Environmental Claims Pertaining to Wood and Steel Studs -- In the April 1999 issue of Architecture, an article by Sara Hart addresses claims made for the use of wood and steel studs in buildings by the two manufacturing industries. After analyzing statements by both competing sides, Hart maintains that the burden on architects and builders is to weigh not only one material against another, but to consider all the materials as part of a whole--the whole that must remain sustainable throughout the entire life cycle of the building. According to Hart, competition among manufacturers has prompted many to exaggerate the "greenness" of their own products while distorting the claims of their competitors. Hart concludes that the "truth is often in the landfill."
Some claims and counterclaims cited in the article are as follows. "Steel recycling saves enough energy to power about one-fifth of all the households in the United States (or about 18 million homes) for one year." "Wood products make up 47% of all industrial materials manufactured in the United States, yet consume just 4% of the energy needed to manufacture these industrial materials." "A typical 2,000-ft² (610-m²) house requires about 40 to 50 trees, while a steel-frame house can be made from 6 recycled cars." "Nine times more energy is required to produce a steel stud than a wood stud."
Claims made by the steel industry allude to deforestation by the wood industry and counter wood industry claims of greater energy efficiency by showing energy savings resulting from the use of steel through recycling. However, according to the editor of Environmental Building News (quoted in Hart's article), "...high percentages cited for steel recycling include the tons that are exported and never even reused in the United States, as well as those scraps that never leave the factory."
The wood industry is said to counter deforestation claims by saying that forest growth exceeds cut by 37%. Hart leans toward reinforcing the argument made by the steel industry that disappearance of old-growth trees has caused lumber prices to soar and quality to drop. On the other hand, she states that engineered wood products are stronger, use less wood, and create less waste.
This article brings up the problem that steel studs have with thermal
bridging and notes that the steel industry has gone beyond simply
specifying more insulation to researching new framing systems that
would move steel away from being a direct substitute for wood.
[Source: Architecture 88(4): 134, April 1999]
Environmental Study of Wood Chip Mills -- Researchers from the Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment and North Carolina State University (NCSU) are conducting a 2-year investigation of wood chip mills. Chip mills have raised concerns about noise, lumber truck traffic, pollution, and forest harvesting practices in places that pit environmental against logging interests. Another issue is the output of wood chip production. Last July, 100 scientists from the Southeastern States, including the well-known Harvard ecologist and Alabama native E.O. Wilson, asked President Clinton to ban new chip mills, which have tripled in the last decade. Others maintain that the impacts of new chip mills on regional wood harvests may be relatively minor.
The controversy over wood chip mills has, in turn, captured the
attention of North Carolina's Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, which split the $250,000 cost of the Duke University-NCSU
study with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
[Source: Happenings, April 1999]
Colorado Excelsior Plant Finds Generating Electricity From Wood Waste Too Costly -- In 1996, Western Excelsior Corporation in Mancos, CO, was selected by the 13-state Federal regional energy program to perform a technical, regulatory, and economic feasibility analysis of a co-generation system fueled by aspen waste produced at a wood mill in southwestern Colorado.
A 1994 study by the Western Regional Biomass Energy Program and the
Forest Service estimated that 15,000 bone-dry tons of wood residue in
the region were available for use each year, of which one-third came
from Western Excelsior. This study prompted the company to consider
installing a wood-fired kiln to dry the wood and produce steam that
would produce electricity for use in the plant and steam for the kilns.
The analysis showed that the company had been paying very high utility
costs--almost $150,000 per year. Four options were proposed for reducing
the company's high utility costs of a year;. The options included
cogeneration, installation of new thermal boilers, utilization of
existing thermal boilers, or using natural gas-fueled equipment. In
each case, it was found that none of the options were cost effective;
the cost of installation or modification would not be recovered within
a 20-year period.
[Source: Western Biomass Quarterly, March 1999]
Three Computer Models to Design Renewable Energy Systems for Remote
Areas have been developed by the Village Power Program at the
Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NRWEL).
The three programs differ in breadth and scope but can work together in
an integrated design process. The Hybrid Optimization Model for
Electric Renewables (HOMER) considers how to generate local power. The
Village Power Optimization Routine incorporates HOMER and considers the
local distribution system. The Regional Planning Model takes into
account the existing power grid and the demographics and resources for
an entire region. Argentina, South Africa, and the World Bank have
shown interest in the computer models.
[Source: DOE This Month, February 1999]
A Wood In Transportation Conference will be held November 4-5 at the National Arbor Day Foundation's Lied Conference Center in Nebraska City, NB. The conference will provide engineers and decisionmakers, including county, municipal, and state transportation officials, an opportunity to better understand wood and its attributes as a construction material. Information and discussions on design specifications, performance results, cost analyses, and other specifics of this technology will be shared.
Two timber bridges will be used as demonstration sites during the conference. Designing engineers will lead walking tours of a pedestrian bridge in the Arbor Day Farm trail system and a vehicular bridge completed by Nebraska City adjacent to the farm. The vehicular bridge consists of 150-ft (46-m) glulam arches and pedestrian walkways on either side.
For more information on the conference, call The National Arbor Day
Foundation at (402) 474-5655, send a Fax (402) 474-0820, or send e-mail
to conferences@arborday.org.
[Source: Crossings, Summer 1999]
Particleboard and Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Publications -- The Composite Panel Association (CPA) and the Composite Wood Council (formerly the PB-MDF Institute) have the following publications available at no charge. Copies can be requested by phone (301) 670-0604; Fax: (301) 840-1252; or e-mail: info@pbmdf.com.
Featured are descriptions of particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) applications, product and sales contact information, and selected property requirements from the ANSI national standards for particleboard and MDF. The guide is available electronically on The World of Engineered Wood Web site (www.pbmdf.com/).
Maps showing the approximate location of particleboard and MDF plants, as well as an historical table showing total North American industry capacity over the past few years, are included.
The 52-page directory lists 187 member companies, with addresses, phone and fax number, Web sites, and e-mail addresses. It also features brief descriptions of each company along with a cross-reference section listing members by products or services. This directory is also available electronically at the above Web site.
Agricultural Fiber-Based Panel Production Increasing -- The Composite
Panel Association calculates that an additional 540 million ft²
(3/4-in. basis) (165 million m² (1.9-cm basis)) of agricultural
fiber-based panels are slated to come online in the United States
within the next 2 years. Current production is about 170 million ft²
(52 million m²), with most of that production being generated in
Manitoba, Canada. The uses and potential markets for these products are
the same as those now served by particleboard: cabinets, countertops,
furniture, door cores, and mobile home decking. Ag-Fiber board
producers claim that the products can match particleboard in strength
and moisture resistance, yet are 10% to 15% lighter in weight. Wheat
straw is the most common ag fiber currently being employed, but grass
straw, soybean stalks, and other fibrous materials can also be used.
[Source: Random Lengths, Vol 55, Issue 17, April 1999]
Bioconversion of Wood Wastes Into Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms reports on work Suki Croan, a microbiologist at the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, is doing. Oyster mushrooms are derived from basidiomycete fungi of the genus Pleurotus, the subject of Suki's research.
Oyster mushrooms have a flavor described as oyster-like and are favored by the gourmet mushroom industry. They also have medicinal uses as antibacterial, antitumor, and antichloresterol agents. When supplemented with low concentrations of dextrose, oyster mushrooms readily colonize and stimulate fruiting body production on most hardwoods; wood byproducts, such as wood chips, sawdust, or various paper products; and all agricultural wastes. In experiments on aspen chips, fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms were usually produced within 3 to 5 weeks. Some species of oyster mushrooms are summer varieties and others are winter varieties. Different species are of different color and size and have different times to mature. Oyster mushrooms are considered to be one of the most efficient producers of food protein. They are versatile, fast colonizers that can degrade a wide variety of lignocellulosic wastes.
After the fruiting bodies are harvested, the spent substrates are a
favorable pulp for paper production since the oyster fungi are
white-rot basidiomycetes. Their action on wood performs biopulping. The
substrate remnants may also be used for bioremediation and as animal
feed, animal bedding, soil conditioners, or fertilizer.
[Source: Bioconversion of Wood Wastes Into Gourmet and Medicinal
Mushrooms, 1999. In: Proceedings of the international research group of
wood preservation, 30th annual meeting; 1999. Document IRG/WP 99-50129.]
Trussed Assemblies From Small-Diameter Round Timbers -- Ron Wolfe and Roland Hernandez of the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory wrote a comprehensive analysis of issues regarding the use of small-diameter round timbers in wood construction. Some of the more common applications of this material are for pole buildings and log cabins.
Usually pole frames are used in storage sheds for agricultural equipment or other applications such as barns on farms. Some innovative architects have also used poles for residential structures. In these instances, design stresses and methods of connection for cladding and roof attachments are important for building performance. For log cabins and most wall log applications, the design is not governed by stiffness or strength of the log, but by aesthetics or thermal conductivity.
There are no established design standards for round timber trusses and space frames. The primary reason for this is the difficulty of designing and connecting round wood members compared to prismatic standard dimension lumber. However, with a growing demand to make use of small-diameter round timber, it may be time to begin developing details and connections to make their use more attractive. Truss systems hold strong potential for value-added use of round timbers. It is possible to use round wood with little processing other than peeling and drying. The taper is not a major problem as the perimeter of the truss or space frame can be held to constant dimensions despite the use of tapered chords and webs. For aesthetic applications where the structural system is to be totally exposed, there may be some preference for uniform diameter members. This can be accommodated using peeler cores or a dowel-milling machine.
Space frames are a relatively new concept. They require a more complex
design than plane trusses, but with the development of computer-aided
design (CAD) and more user-friendly finite element analysis packages,
the design of space frames is simplified considerably. The major
challenge is getting a compatible connection detail.
[Source: Trussed Assemblies From Small-Diameter Round Timbers,
1999. In: Proceedings of Pacific timber engineering conference; 1999
March 14-18; Rotorua, New Zealand: 251-256.]
The 29th Annual Hardwood Lumber Grading Short Course will be held
October 5-7 at the Cloquet Forestry Center near Duluth, MN. The course
is sponsored by the National Hardwood Lumber Association and the
University of Minnesota's Department of Wood & Paper Science. Anyone in
the wood products industry is invited to attend and learn more about
lumber grading and practices. For more information, contact Julie
Polzer at (612) 624-1293; e-mail: jpolzer@forestry.umn.edu.
[Source: Tom Milton, State Extension Specialist, University ofMinnesota]
How to Dry Lumber for Quality & Profit Workshop is scheduled for December 6-10 at Oregon State University, Corvallis. This course will provide a basic understanding of wood and how to dry it. Practical, up-to-date information will be provided on wood properties and how wood dries. Hands-on training and knowledge on how steam-heated and dehumidification kilns are made, operated, and maintained; how to create and modify kiln schedules for different species; and drying to meet European quality standards will be provided. For registration information, contact the College of Forestry Conference Office, Oregon State University, at (541) 737-2329; Fax: (541) 737-4966; e-mail: conference@cof.orst.edu.; or visit the conference Web site at www.cof.orst.edu/cof/extended/conferen/drylumbr/.
Contents
Forest Products Laboratory |
Forest Service |
USDA
Please send any questions or comments to
TMU/fpl@fs.fed.us.
Contact-Name: Adele Olstad
Contact-Phone: 608/231-9329
Document-Date: 1999 September 7
Abstract: August 1999 Issue of FPC&R; Review