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A white blood cell that makes antibodies and is an important part of the immune system. B cells come from bone marrow. Also called B lymphocyte. |
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A white blood cell that makes antibodies and is an important part of the immune system. B lymphocytes come from bone marrow. Also called B cell. |
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A protein found on some tumor cells. |
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A toxic substance linked to an antibody that attaches to tumor cells and kills them. |
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A molecule that helps control immune responses in the body. B7-1 is involved in stimulating T-cells. |
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(bah-SILL-us KAL-met GAY-ran)
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BCG. A type of bacteria used in cancer treatment to stimulate the immune system. It is also used to vaccinate against tuberculosis. |
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(bak-TEER-ee-uh)
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A large group of single-cell microorganisms. Some cause infections and disease in animals and humans. The singular of bacteria is bacterium. |
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A toxic substance, made by bacteria, that can be modified to kill specific tumor cells without harming normal cells. |
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(bar-BICH-u-rit)
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A drug used to treat insomnia, seizures, and convulsions, and to relieve anxiety and tension before surgery. It belongs to the family of drugs called central nervous system (CNS) depressants. |
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A procedure in which a liquid with barium in it is put into the rectum and colon by way of the anus. Barium is a silver-white metallic compound that helps to show the image of the lower gastrointestinal tract on an x-ray. |
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A liquid containing barium sulfate that is used in x-rays to highlight parts of the digestive system. |
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A series of x-rays of the esophagus. The x-ray pictures are taken after the person drinks a solution that contains barium. The barium coats and outlines the esophagus on the x-ray. Also called an esophagram. |
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A condition in which the cells lining the lower part of the esophagus have changed or been replaced with abnormal cells that could lead to cancer of the esophagus. The backing up of stomach contents (reflux) may irritate the esophagus and, over time, cause Barrett's esophagus. |
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(BAY-sal)
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A small, round cell found in the lower part (or base) of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. |
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(BAY-sal sel kar-sin-O-ma)
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A type of skin cancer that arises from the basal cells, small round cells found in the lower part (or base) of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. |
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An inherited condition that causes unusual facial features and disorders of the skin, bone, nervous system, eyes, and endocrine glands. People with this syndrome have an increased chance of developing basal cell carcinoma. Also called Gorlin syndrome. |
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A type of white blood cell. Basophils are granulocytes. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. Batimastat is a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called raf kinase inhibitors. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called camptothecins. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called taxanes. |
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A substance that combines a monoclonal antibody (huN901) with an anticancer drug (DM1), and is being studied in the treatment of certain cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer. Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells. |
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Blood-brain barrier disruption. The use of drugs to create openings between cells in the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is a protective network of blood vessels and tissue that protects the brain from harmful substances, but can also prevent anticancer drugs from reaching the brain. Once the barrier is opened, anticancer drugs may be infused into an artery that goes to the brain, in order to treat brain tumors. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics. Also called pixantrone. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of platinum-based drugs. |
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Bacillus Calmette Guérin. A type of bacteria used in cancer treatment to stimulate the immune system. It is also used to vaccinate against tuberculosis. |
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A form of biological therapy for superficial bladder cancer. A catheter is used to place the BCG solution into the bladder. The solution contains live, weakened bacteria (bacille Calmette-Guérin) that activate the
immune system. The BCG solution used for bladder cancer is not the same thing as BCG vaccine, a vaccine for tuberculosis.
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A drug that may kill cancer cells by blocking the production of a protein that makes cancer cells live longer. Also called augmerosen. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzyme inhibitors. |
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A rare, overgrowth disorder in which babies are large at birth and may develop low blood sugar. Other common symptoms are a large tongue, large internal organs, and defects of the abdominal wall near the navel. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome increases the risk of developing certain cancers, especially Wilms’ tumor. |
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A drug being studied in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease. It belongs to a family of drugs called corticosteroids. |
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BDC. A rare type of kidney cancer that grows and spreads quickly. It begins in the duct of Bellini in the kidney. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. Also called SDX-105. |
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(beh-NINE)
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Not cancerous. Benign tumors do not spread to tissues around them or to other parts of the body. |
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A group of noncancerous conditions that may increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Examples include ductal hyperplasia, lobular hyperplasia, and papillomas. |
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(hye-per-PLAY-zha)
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BPH. A benign (noncancerous) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy. |
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BPH. A benign (noncancerous) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
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(beh-NINE)
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A noncancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. |
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A colorless oily liquid used as a flavoring agent and to make dyes, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals. Benzaldehyde is chemically related to benzene. |
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A chemical that is used widely by the chemical industry, and is also found in tobacco smoke, vehicle emissions, and gasoline fumes. Exposure to benzene may increase the risk of developing leukemia. |
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BPU. A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antitubulin agents. |
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A substance that is being studied as a mouth rinse treatment for oral mucositis (painful mouth sores) caused by cancer therapy. It belongs to the family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). |
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A substance used in surgical wound healing to cause a blood clot to form. It consists of blood-clotting factors found naturally in human blood. |
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In medicine, treatment that experts agree is appropriate, accepted, and widely used. Health care providers are obligated to provide patients with the best practice. Also called standard therapy or standard of care. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to a family of chemicals called disulfides. |
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A vitamin A precursor. Beta carotene belongs to the family of fat-soluble vitamins called carotenoids. |
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A type of bacteria often found in the vagina. It can cause systemic infections in people with suppressed immune systems. |
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A substance produced in the brain, especially in the pituitary gland, that blocks the sensation of pain. It is produced in response to pain, exercise, and other forms of stress. It belongs to a group of chemicals called polypeptide hormones. |
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A type of polysaccharide (string of sugar molecules) obtained from several types of mushrooms. It is being studied as a treatment for cancer and as an immune system stimulant. |
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ß-hCG. A hormone normally found in the blood and urine during pregnancy. It may also be produced by some tumor cells. An increased level of ß-hCG may be a sign of cancer of the testis, uterus, ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, or lung. ß-hCG may also be produced in response to certain conditions that are not cancer. ß-hCG is being studied in the treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma. |
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(be-vuh-SIZ-uh-mab)
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A monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of colorectal cancer that has spread. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. It may prevent the growth of new blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumor. Also called Avastin. |
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An anticancer drug used to decrease the growth of some types of cancer cells. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. Also called LGD1069. |
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A combination of monoclonal antibodies that is used in the treatment of certain types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The monoclonal antibody tositumomab is given with iodine I 131 tositumomab (a form of tositumomab that has been chemically changed by adding radioactive iodine). |
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A gene therapy agent that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called biological response modifiers. |
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Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. A method used by radiologists to interpret and report in a standardized manner the results of mammography, ultrasound, and MRI used in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. |
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A topical preparation to reduce the risk of, and treat skin reactions to, radiation therapy. |
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In a clinical trial, a flaw in the study design or method of collecting or interpreting information. Biases can lead to incorrect conclusions about what the study or trial showed. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. |
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(bye-ka-LOO-ta-mide)
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiandrogens. |
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A cigarette made by rolling tobacco by hand in a dried leaf from the tendu tree (a member of the ebony family). Most bidis are made in India and they come in different flavors. |
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Affecting both the right and left sides of the body. |
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Cancer that occurs in both paired organs, such as both breasts or both ovaries. |
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(by-LAT-uh-ral neh-FREK-tuh-mee)
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Surgery to remove both kidneys. |
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(by-LAT-uh-ral pro-fi-LAK-tik mas-TEK-tuh-mee)
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Surgery to remove both breasts in order to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. Also called preventive mastectomy. |
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Surgery to remove both ovaries and both fallopian tubes. |
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A fluid made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile is excreted into the small intestine, where it helps digest fat. |
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A tube through which bile passes in and out of the liver. |
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Having to do with the liver, bile ducts, and/or gallbladder. |
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(bil-ih-ROO-bun)
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Substance formed when red blood cells are broken down. Bilirubin is part of the bile, which is made in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder. The abnormal buildup of bilirubin causes jaundice. |
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A substance that makes a loose mixture stick together. For example, binding agents can be used to make solid pills from loose powders. |
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The ability of a drug or other substance to be absorbed and used by the body. Orally bioavailable means that a drug or other substance that is taken by mouth can be absorbed and used by the body. |
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An isoflavone found in soy products. Soy isoflavones are being studied to see if they help prevent cancer. |
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In living cells, chemical reactions that help sustain life and allow cells to grow. |
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A method of learning to voluntarily control certain body functions such as heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension with the help of a special machine. This method can help control pain. |
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(by-o-LAHJ-i-kul)
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Pertaining to biology or to life and living things. In medicine, refers to a substance made from a living organism or its products. Biologicals may be used to prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve of symptoms of a disease. For example, antibodies, interleukins, and vaccines are biologicals. Biological also refers to parents and children who are related by blood. |
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(by-o-LAHJ-i-kul...)
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BRM. Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infections and other diseases. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also known as biological therapy, immunotherapy, or biotherapy. |
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(by-o-LAHJ-i-kul)
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Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infections and other diseases. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also known as immunotherapy, biotherapy, or biological response modifier (BRM) therapy. |
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A substance sometimes found in the blood, other body fluids, or tissues. A high level of biomarker may mean that a certain type of cancer is in the body. Examples of biomarkers include CA 125 (ovarian cancer), CA 15-3 (breast cancer), CEA (ovarian, lung, breast, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract cancers), and PSA (prostate cancer). Also called tumor marker. |
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A substance that is being studied for its ability to decrease the side effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
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(BY-op-see)
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The removal of cells or tissues for examination under a microscope. When only a sample of tissue is removed, the procedure is called an incisional biopsy or core biopsy. When an entire lump or suspicious area is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle, the procedure is called a needle biopsy or fine-needle aspiration. |
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Tissue removed from the body and examined under a microscope to determine whether disease is present. |
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Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infections and other diseases. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also known as biological therapy, immunotherapy, or biological response modifier (BRM) therapy. |
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An inherited condition in which benign tumors develop in hair
follicles on the head, chest, back, and arms. People who have this disorder may be at increased risk of developing colon or kidney cancer. |
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An antibody developed in the laboratory to recognize more than one protein on the surface of different cells. Examples include bispecific antibodies 2B1, 520C9xH22, mDX-H210, and MDX447. |
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A monoclonal antibody that binds two different types of antigen. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies do not occur naturally; they must be made in the laboratory. |
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A type of drug used to treat osteoporosis and the bone pain caused by some types of cancer. Also called diphosphonate. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. It is also an antitumor antibiotic. |
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A bacterial toxic substance linked to an antibody that attaches to cancer cells and kills them. It belongs to the family of drugs called bacterial immunotoxins. |
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Cimicifuga racemosa. An eastern North American perennial herb. A substance obtained from the root of the plant has been used in some cultures to treat a number of medical problems. It is being studied in the treatment of hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. The plant is also called black snakeroot, rattlesnake root, bugwort, and bugbane. |
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Cimicifuga racemosa. An eastern North American perennial herb. A substance obtained from the root of the plant has been used in some cultures to treat a number of medical problems. It is being studied in the treatment of hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. The plant is also called black cohosh, rattlesnake root, bugwort, and bugbane. |
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The organ that stores urine. |
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The phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia in which the number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is extremely high. Also called blast phase. |
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The phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia in which the number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is extremely high. Also called blast crisis. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics. |
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Cnicus benedictus. A plant whose leaves, stems, and flowers have been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems. Blessed thistle may have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Also called St. Benedict's thistle, cardin, holy thistle, and spotted thistle. |
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A type of study in which the patients (single-blinded) or the patients and their doctors (double-blinded) do not know which drug or treatment is being given. The opposite of a blinded study is an open label study. |
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A tissue with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other substances suspended in fluid called plasma. Blood takes oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes. |
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A test to check the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a sample of blood. Also called complete blood count (CBC). |
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A procedure in which a sample of blood is examined to measure the amounts of certain substances made in the body. An abnormal amount of a substance can be a sign of disease in the organ or tissue that produces it. |
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A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called an anticoagulant. |
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The administration of blood or blood products into a blood vessel. |
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A tube through which the blood circulates in the body. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. |
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A network of blood vessels with closely spaced cells that makes it difficult for potentially toxic substances (such as anticancer drugs) to penetrate the blood vessel walls and enter the brain. |
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BBBD. The use of drugs to create openings between cells in the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is a protective network of blood vessels and tissue that protects the brain from harmful substances, but can also prevent anticancer drugs from reaching the brain. Once the barrier is opened, anticancer drugs may be infused into an artery that goes to the brain, in order to treat brain tumors. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called platinum analogs. Also called JM 216 and satraplatin. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called mitotic inhibitors. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called taxane analogs. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called farnesyltransferase inhibitors. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called epothilone analogs. Also called ixabepilone. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs). |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. |
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A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus infusion. |
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A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus. |
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The soft, sponge-like tissue in the center of most large bones. It produces white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. |
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The destruction of bone marrow using radiation or drugs. |
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(as-per-AY-shun)
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The removal of a small sample of bone marrow (usually from the hip) through a needle for examination under a microscope. |
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(BY-op-see)
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The removal of a sample of tissue from the bone marrow with a needle for examination under a microscope. |
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Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the bone marrow. |
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(trans-plan-TAY-shun)
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A procedure to replace bone marrow that has been destroyed by treatment with high doses of anticancer drugs or radiation. Transplantation may be autologous (an individual's own marrow saved before treatment), allogeneic (marrow donated by someone else), or syngeneic (marrow donated by an identical twin). |
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Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the bone. |
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A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream; it collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner. |
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A radioactive substance that is given through a vein, and collects in bone cells and in tumor cells that have spread to the bone. It kills cancer cells by giving off low-level radiation. |
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In medicine, refers to a vaccination given after a previous vaccination. A booster helps maintain or increase a protective immune response. |
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A type of radiation therapy. The person is given an intravenous infusion containing the element boron, which concentrates in the tumor cells. The person then receives radiation therapy with atomic particles called neutrons from a small research nuclear reactor. The radiation is absorbed by the boron, killing the tumor cells without harming normal cells. |
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BPA-F. A substance used in a type of radiation therapy called boron neutron capture therapy. BPA-F is injected into a vein, and becomes concentrated in tumor cells. The patient then receives radiation treatment with atomic particles called neutrons. The neutrons react with the boron in BPA-F, producing radioactive particles that kill the tumor cells without harming normal cells. |
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A drug that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called dipeptidyl boronic acids. Also called PS-341. |
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Having to do with, or derived from, plants. |
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The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. |
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(BO-uns disease)
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A skin disease marked by scaly or thickened patches on the skin and often caused by prolonged exposure to arsenic. The patches often occur on sun-exposed areas of the skin and in older, white men. These patches may become malignant (cancerous). Also called precancerous dermatosis or precancerous dermatitis. |
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Benign prostatic hypertrophy. A benign (noncancerous) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
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Benzoylphenylurea. A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antitubulin agents. |
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(BRAY-kee-ul pleks-AH-pah-thee)
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A condition marked by numbness, tingling, pain, weakness, or limited movement in the arm or hand. It is caused by an impairment of the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that affect the arm and hand. |
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(BRAY-kee-ul PLEKS-us)
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A network of nerves that sends signals from the spine to the arm and hand. |
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(BRAKE-ih-THER-a-pee)
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A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near a tumor. Also called internal radiation, implant radiation, or interstitial radiation therapy. |
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Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the brain. |
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The part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord. |
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(glee-O-ma)
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A tumor located in the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord (the brain stem). It may grow rapidly or slowly, depending on the grade of the tumor. |
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A tumor in the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord (the brain stem). |
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The growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). |
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A gene on chromosome 17 that normally helps to suppress cell growth. A person who inherits an altered version of the BRCA1 gene has a higher risk of getting breast, ovarian, or prostate cancer. |
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A gene on chromosome 13 that normally helps to suppress cell growth. A person who inherits an altered version of the BRCA2 gene has a higher risk of getting breast, ovarian, or prostate cancer. |
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Intense increases in pain that occur with rapid onset even when pain- control medication is being used. Breakthrough pain can occur spontaneously or in relation to a specific activity. |
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Glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland. |
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Abnormal cells that are confined to the ducts or lobules in the breast. There are two forms, called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). |
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Describes the relative amount of different tissues present in the breast. A dense breast has less fat than glandular and connective tissue. Mammogram films of breasts with higher density are harder to read and interpret than those of less dense breasts. |
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A method used to examine the lining of the breast ducts to look for abnormal tissue. A very thin, flexible, lighted tube attached to a camera is inserted through the nipple, and threaded into the breast ducts deep in the breast. Tissue and fluid samples may be removed during the procedure. |
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BI-RADS. A method used by radiologists to interpret and report in a standardized manner the results of mammography, ultrasound, and MRI used in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. |
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A silicone gel-filled or saline-filled sac placed under the chest muscle to restore breast shape. |
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Surgery to rebuild the shape of the breast after a mastectomy. |
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An exam by a woman of her breasts to check for lumps or other changes. |
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An operation to remove the breast cancer but not the breast itself. Types of breast-conserving surgery include lumpectomy (removal of the lump), quadrantectomy (removal of one quarter, or quadrant, of the breast), and segmental mastectomy (removal of the cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor). Also called breast-sparing surgery. |
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| |
An operation to remove the breast cancer but not the breast itself. Types of breast-sparing surgery include lumpectomy (removal of the lump), quadrantectomy (removal of one quarter, or quadrant, of the breast), and segmental mastectomy (removal of the cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor). Also called breast-conserving surgery. |
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A questionnaire used to measure pain. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of infections caused by herpesvirus, including herpes-zoster (shingles). It belongs to the family of drugs called antivirals. |
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Biological response modifier. Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infections and other diseases. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also known as biological therpy, immunotherapy, or biotherapy. |
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An enzyme found in pineapples that breaks down other proteins, such as collagen and muscle fiber, and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a meat tenderizer in the food industry.
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(BRONK-eye)
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The large air passages that lead from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. |
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Having to do with the bronchi, which are the larger air passages of the lungs, including those that lead from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs and those within the lungs. |
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(BRON-kee-ol)
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A tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs. |
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(bron-KYE-tis)
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Inflammation (swelling and reddening) of the bronchi. |
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(BRON-ko-skope)
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A thin, lighted tube used to examine the inside of the trachea and bronchi, the air passages that lead to the lungs. |
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(bron-KOS-ko-pee)
| |
A procedure in which a thin, lighted tube is inserted through the nose or mouth. This allows examination of the inside of the trachea and bronchi (air passages that lead to the lung), as well as the lung. Bronchoscopy may be used to detect cancer or to perform some treatment procedures. |
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A large air passage that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to the lung. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called DNA intercalators. |
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A drug that makes cancer cells more sensitive to radiation and is also used as a diagnostic agent to determine how fast cancer cells grow. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is obtained from a marine organism. |
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(BUK-ul myoo-KO-sa)
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The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. |
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A drug used in the treatment of asthma and rhinitis. It is also being studied in the treatment of cancer. Budesonide belongs to the family of drugs called steroids. |
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| |
Cimicifuga racemosa. An eastern North American perennial herb. A substance obtained from the root of the plant has been used in some cultures to treat a number of medical problems. It is being studied in the treatment of hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. The plant is also called black cohosh, black snakeroot, rattlesnake root, and bugwort. |
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| |
Cimicifuga racemosa. An eastern North American perennial herb. A substance obtained from the root of the plant has been used in some cultures to treat a number of medical problems. It is being studied in the treatment of hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. The plant is also called black cohosh, black snakeroot, rattlesnake root, and bugbane. |
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byoo-PRO-pee-ON
| |
A substance that is used to treat depression, and to help people quit smoking. It belongs to the family of drugs called antidepressants. |
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Arctium lappa. A plant whose seeds and root have been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems. It may have antioxidant effects. Also called lappa and happy major. |
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A rare, fast-growing cancer of the blood. Also called B-cell acute
lymphocytic leukemia or B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
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An aggressive (rapidly progressing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that occurs most often in children and young adults. The disease may affect the jaw, central nervous system, bowel, kidneys, ovaries, or other organs. There are three main types of Burkitt’s lymphoma (sporadic, endemic, and immunodeficiency related). Sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma occurs throughout the world, and endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma occurs in Africa. Immunodeficiency-related Burkitt’s lymphoma is most often seen in AIDS patients. |
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A small opening in the skull made with a surgical drill. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called gonadotropin-releasing hormones. In prostate cancer therapy, buserelin blocks the production of testosterone in the testicles. |
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(byoo-SPY-rone)
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A drug that is used to treat certain anxiety disorders. It belongs to the family of drugs called antianxiety agents. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. |
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A drug that may help prevent resistance to some anticancer drugs. |
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A surgical procedure in which the doctor creates a new pathway for the flow of body fluids. |
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