| |
A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called sulfonamides. |
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| |
A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antitubulin agents. |
|
| |
Epstein-Barr virus. A common virus that remains dormant in most people. It has been associated with certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. |
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| |
A small bruise caused by blood leaking from broken blood vessels into the tissues of the skin or mucous membranes. |
|
| |
A procedure that uses ultrasonic waves directed over the chest wall to obtain a graphic record of the heart's position, motion of the walls, or internal parts such as the valves. |
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| |
An anticancer drug that inhibits the growth of cancer cells by disrupting the structure of tumor-cell DNA. |
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| |
Having to do with the part of the cervix that protrudes into the vagina and is lined with epithelial cells. |
|
| |
An anticancer drug that belongs to a family of drugs called antimetabolites. |
|
(eh-DEE-ma)
| |
Swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase I inhibitors. Also called J-107088. |
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| |
A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy. Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells. |
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| |
A drug that is used to plan cancer treatment by measuring oxygen levels in tumor cells. |
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| |
A drug that may increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy. Also called RSR13. |
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| |
A cell that performs a specific function in response to a stimulus; usually used to describe cells in the immune system. |
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| |
Effectiveness. In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect. |
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| |
A substance that is being studied in the prevention of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antiprotozoals. |
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| |
A substance that is being studied in the prevention of cognitive dysfunction (slowed ability to think, reason, concentrate, or remember) in patients receiving chemotherapy. It comes from ginkgo biloba leaves. |
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| |
Epidermal growth factor receptor. The protein found on the surface of some cells and to which epidermal growth factor binds, causing the cells to divide. It is found at abnormally high levels on the surface of many types of cancer cells, so these cells may divide excessively in the presence of epidermal growth factor. Also known as ErbB1 or HER1. |
|
(i-JAK-yoo-LAY-shun)
| |
The release of semen through the penis during orgasm. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. |
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| |
A procedure in which pulses of weak electrical current are sent through acupuncture needles into acupuncture points in the skin. This procedure is being studied in the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. |
|
(e-LEK-tro-des-ih-KAY-shun)
| |
The drying of tissue by a high-frequency electric current applied with a needle-shaped electrode. |
|
(e-LEK-tro-LAIR-inks)
| |
A battery-operated device that makes a humming sound. It is used to help a person talk after removal of the larynx (voice box). |
|
(eh-LEK-tro-lite)
| |
A substance that breaks up into ions (electrically charged particles) when it is dissolved in body fluids or water. Some examples of electrolytes are sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. Electrolytes are primarily responsible for the movement of nutrients into cells and the movement of wastes out of cells. |
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| |
Low-energy radiation that comes from the interaction of electric and magnetic fields. Sources include power lines, electric appliances, radio waves, microwaves, and others. Also called electromagnetic radiation. |
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| |
Low-energy radiation that comes from the interaction of electric and magnetic fields. Sources include power lines, electric appliances, radio waves, microwaves, and others. Also called electromagnetic field. |
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| |
A stream of electrons (small negatively charged particles found in atoms) that can be used for radiation therapy. |
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| |
A microscope (device used to magnify small objects) that uses electrons (instead of light) to produce an enlarged image. An electron microscope shows tiny details better than any other type of microscope. |
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| |
EPT. Treatment that generates electrical pulses through an electrode placed in a tumor to enhance the ability of anticancer drugs to enter tumor cells. |
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| |
In clinical trials, requirements that must be met for an individual to be included in a study. These requirements help make sure that patients in a trial are similar to each other in terms of specific factors such as age, type and stage of cancer, general health, and previous treatment. When all participants meet the same eligibility criteria, it gives researchers greater confidence that results of the study are caused by the intervention being tested and not by other factors. |
|
(EM-bul-izm)
| |
A block in an artery caused by blood clots or other substances, such as fat globules, infected tissue, or cancer cells. |
|
(EM-bo-lih-ZAY-shun)
| |
The blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material. Embolization can be done as treatment to block the flow of blood to a tumor. |
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| |
Early stage in the development of a plant or an animal. In vertebrate animals (have a backbone or spinal column), this stage lasts from shortly after fertilization until all major body parts appear. In particular, in humans, this stage lasts from about 2 weeks after fertilization until the end of the seventh or eighth week of pregnancy. |
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| |
A mass of rapidly growing cells that begins in embryonic (fetal) tissue. Embryomas may be benign or malignant, and include neuroblastomas and Wilms’ tumors. Also called embryonal tumor. |
|
(EM-bree-on-al RAB-do-MY-oh-sar-KO-ma)
| |
A soft-tissue tumor that affects children. It begins in muscle cells, and usually occurs in the head, neck, arms, legs, or genitourinary tract. |
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| |
A mass of rapidly growing cells that begins in embryonic (fetal) tissue. Embryonal tumors may be benign or malignant, and include neuroblastomas and Wilms’ tumors. Also called embryoma. |
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| |
Having to do with an embryo, which is an early stage in the development of a plant or animal. |
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| |
A substance that is being studied as an anticancer and antiangiogenesis drug. Also called cilengitide. |
|
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| |
An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. |
|
| |
A substance found in certain plants, including rhubarb. It belongs to a family of compounds called anthraquinones, which have shown anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. |
|
| |
Pulmonary emphysema is a disorder affecting the alveoli (tiny air sacs) of the lungs. The transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs takes place in the walls of the alveoli. In emphysema, the alveoli become abnormally inflated, damaging their walls and making it harder to breathe. People who smoke or have chronic bronchitis have an increased risk of emphysema.
|
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| |
An antihypertensive agent that can also be used to slow or prevent the progression of heart disease in people with childhood cancer treated with drugs that may be harmful to the heart. |
|
(en-KAP-soo-lay-ted)
| |
Confined to a specific, localized area and surrounded by a thin layer of tissue. |
|
| |
A disorder of the brain that can be caused by disease, injury, drugs, or chemicals. |
|
(en-kon-DRO-ma)
| |
A benign (noncancerous) growth of cartilage in bones or in other areas where cartilage is not normally found. |
|
(en-do-SER-vih-kul kyoo-reh-TAHZH)
| |
The scraping of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal using a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette. |
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| |
Cancer that occurs in endocrine tissue, the tissue in the body that secretes hormones. |
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| |
A pancreatic cell that produces hormones (e.g., insulin and glucagon) that are secreted into the bloodstream. These hormones help control the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Also called an islet cell and an islet of Langerhans cell. |
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| |
Treatment that adds, blocks or removes hormones. For certain conditions (such
as diabetes or menopause), hormones are given to adjust low hormone levels.
To slow or stop the growth of certain cancers (such as prostate and breast
cancer), synthetic hormones or other drugs may be given to block the body's
natural hormones. Sometimes surgery is needed to remove the gland that
makes hormones. Also called hormone therapy, hormonal therapy, or hormone treatment. |
|
(en-do-krih-NAH-lo-jist)
| |
A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating hormone disorders. |
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| |
Produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. |
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| |
Having to do with the endometrium (the layer of tissue that lines the uterus). |
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| |
A procedure in which a sample of tissue is taken from the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus) for examination under a microscope. A thin tube is inserted through the cervix into the uterus, and gentle scraping and suction are used to remove the sample. |
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| |
Abnormal cell growth in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus). |
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| |
An abnormal overgrowth of the endometrium (the layer of cells that lines the uterus). There are four types of endometrial hyperplasia: simple endometrial hyperplasia, complex endometrial hyperplasia, simple endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, and complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. These differ in terms of how abnormal the cells are and how likely it is that the condition will become cancerous. |
|
(en-do-mee-tree-O-sis)
| |
A benign condition in which tissue that looks like endometrial tissue grows in abnormal places in the abdomen. |
|
(en-do-MEE-tree-um)
| |
The layer of tissue that lines the uterus. |
|
(en-do-REK-tul)
| |
ERUS. A procedure in which a probe
that sends out high-energy sound waves is inserted into the rectum. The
sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The
echoes form a picture of body tissue called a sonogram. ERUS is used to
look for abnormalities in the rectum and nearby structures, including the
prostate. Also called transrectal ultrasound.
|
|
(EN-dah-skope)
| |
A thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the body. |
|
(en-dah-SKAH-pik RET-ro-grade ko-LAN-jee-o-PAN-kree-a-TOG-ra-fee)
| |
ERCP. A procedure to x-ray the pancreatic duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct, duodenal papilla, and gallbladder. In this procedure, a thin, lighted tube (endoscope) is passed through the mouth and down into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). A smaller tube (catheter) is then inserted through the endoscope into the bile and pancreatic ducts. A dye is injected through the catheter into the ducts, and an x-ray is taken. |
|
(en-do-SKAH-pik...)
| |
EUS. A procedure in which an endoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted into the body. The endoscope is used to bounce high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) off internal organs to make a picture (sonogram). Also called endosonography. |
|
(en-DAHS-ko-pee)
| |
The use of a thin, lighted tube (called an endoscope) to examine the inside of the body. |
|
| |
A drug that is being studied for its ability to prevent the growth of new blood vessels into a solid tumor. Endostatin belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. |
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| |
The main type of cell found in the inside lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. |
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| |
A drug that blocks the hormone endothelin and may prevent prostate cancer from spreading to the bones. It may also prevent the growth and spread of other types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. |
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| |
A substance that blocks the binding of the endothelin-1 protein to its receptor. Endothelin-1 is a small molecule that causes changes in blood vessels and helps regulate blood pressure. It can also stimulate the growth of some types of cells. |
|
| |
In clinical trials, an event or outcome that can be measured objectively to determine whether the intervention being studied is beneficial. The endpoints of a clinical trial are usually included in the study objectives. Some examples of endpoints are survival, improvements in quality of life, relief of symptoms, and disappearance of the tumor. |
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| |
The injection of a liquid through the anus into the large bowel. |
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| |
An anticancer drug that increases the effectiveness of fluorouracil. Also called ethynyluracil. |
|
| |
A drug used to prevent blood clots. It belongs to the family of drugs called anticoagulants. |
|
| |
A doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. Also called an otolaryngologist. |
|
(en-ter-o-STO-mul)
| |
A health professional trained in the care of persons with stomas, such as colostomies or urostomies. |
|
| |
In medicine, the removal of an organ or tumor in such a way that it comes out clean and whole, like a nut from its shell. |
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| |
A virus that has an outer wrapping or envelope. This envelope comes from the infected cell, or host, in a process called "budding off." During the budding process, newly formed virus particles become "enveloped" or wrapped in an outer coat that is made from a small piece of the cell's plasma membrane. The envelope may play a role in helping a virus survive and infect other cells. |
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| |
ETS. Smoke that comes from the burning of a tobacco product and smoke that is exhaled by smokers (second-hand smoke). Inhaling ETS is called involuntary or passive smoking. |
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| |
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. |
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| |
A type of white blood cell. |
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| |
A condition in which the number of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood is greatly increased. Eosinophilia is often a response to infection or allergens (substances that cause an allergic response). |
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| |
A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called cancer vaccines. |
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| |
A brain tumor that usually begins in the central canal of the spinal cord. Ependymal tumors may also develop in the cells lining the ventricles of the brain, which produce and store the special fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) that protects the brain and spinal cord. Also called an ependymoma. |
|
(ep-en-dih-MOE-mah)
| |
A type of brain tumor that may arise in the ventricles of the brain or in the spinal cord. Also called an ependymal tumor. |
|
| |
The study of the patterns, causes, and control of disease in
groups of people. |
|
| |
EGFR. The protein found on the surface of some cells and to which epidermal growth factor binds, causing the cells to divide. It is found at abnormally high levels on the surface of many types of cancer cells, so these cells may divide excessively in the presence of epidermal growth factor. Also known as ErbB1 or HER1. |
|
(ep-i-DER-mis)
| |
The upper or outer layer of the two main layers of tissue that make up the skin. |
|
(ep-i-DER-moyd kar-sin-O-ma)
| |
A type of cancer in which the cells are flat and look like fish scales. Also called squamous cell carcinoma. |
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| |
Having to do with the space between the wall of the spinal canal and the covering of the spinal cord. An epidural injection is given into this space. |
|
| |
An injection of an anesthetic drug into the space between the wall of the spinal canal and the covering of the spinal cord. |
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| |
Having to do with the upper middle area of the abdomen. |
|
(ep-ih-GLAH-tis)
| |
The flap that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs. |
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| |
A group of disorders marked by problems in the normal functioning of the brain. These problems can produce seizures, unusual body movements, a loss of consciousness or changes in consciousness, as well as mental problems or problems with the senses. |
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| |
A hormone and neurotransmitter. Also called adrenaline. |
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| |
A drug used to treat a variety of childhood cancers. Epipodophyllotoxins belong to a larger class of drugs called topoisomerase II inhibitors. |
|
| |
An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.
It is an anthracycline. |
|
(ep-ih-THEE-lee-ul)
| |
Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. |
|
(ep-ih-THEE-lee-ul kar-sin-O-ma)
| |
Cancer that begins in the cells that line an organ. |
|
(ep-ih-THEE-lee-ul)
| |
Cancer that occurs in the cells lining the ovaries. |
|
(EP-ih-THEE-lee-um)
| |
A thin layer of tissue that covers organs, glands, and other structures within the body. |
|
(EP-i-tope)
| |
A part of a molecule that an antibody will recognize and bind to. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called epothilones. Also called epothilone B. |
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| |
A substance that is made in the laboratory that stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. It belongs to the family of drugs called antianemics. It is also called recombinant human erythropoietin. |
|
| |
A substance that is made in the laboratory and that stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. It belongs to the family of drugs called antianemics. It is also called recombinant human erythropoietin. |
|
| |
A drug obtained from bacteria that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called epothilones. Also called EPO906. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the families of drugs called mitotic inhibitors and epothilones. Also called KOS-862. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. |
|
| |
EBV. A common virus that remains dormant in most people. It has been associated with certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. |
|
| |
Electroporation therapy. Treatment that generates electrical pulses through an electrode placed in a tumor to enhance the ability of anticancer drugs to enter tumor cells. |
|
| |
Estrogen receptor. Protein found on some cancer cells to which estrogen will attach. |
|
| |
Estrogen receptor positive. Breast cancer cells that have a protein (receptor molecule) to which estrogen will attach. Breast cancer cells that are ER+ need the hormone estrogen to grow and will usually respond to hormone (antiestrogen) therapy that blocks these receptor sites. |
|
| |
Estrogen receptor negative. Breast cancer cells that do not have a protein (receptor molecule) to which estrogen will attach. Breast cancer cells that are ER- do not need the hormone estrogen to grow and usually do not respond to hormone (antiestrogen) therapy that blocks these receptor sites. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to a family of drugs called antiestrogens. |
|
| |
A toxic substance linked to an antibody that attaches to tumor cells and kills them. |
|
| |
Epidermal growth factor receptor. The protein found on the surface of some cells and to which epidermal growth factor binds, causing the cells to divide. It is found at abnormally high levels on the surface of many types of cancer cells, so these cells may divide excessively in the presence of epidermal growth factor. Also known as EGFR or HER1. |
|
| |
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (en-do-SKAH-pik RET-ro-grade ko-LAN-jee-o-PAN-kree-a-TAW-gra-fee). A procedure to x-ray the pancreatic duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct, duodenal papilla, and gallbladder. In this procedure, a thin, lighted tube (endoscope) is passed through the mouth and down into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). A smaller tube (catheter) is then inserted through the endoscope into the bile and pancreatic ducts. A dye is injected through the catheter into the ducts, and an x-ray is taken. |
|
| |
An inability to have an erection of the penis adequate for sexual intercourse. Also called impotence. |
|
(ih-REK-shun)
| |
In medicine, the swelling of the penis with blood, causing it to become firm. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Also called CP-358,774 and OSI-774. |
|
| |
Estrogen replacement therapy. Hormones (estrogen, progesterone, or both) given to postmenopausal women or to women who have had their ovaries surgically removed. Hormones are given to replace the estrogen no longer produced by the ovaries. |
|
| |
Endorectal ultrasound. A procedure in which a probe
that sends out high-energy sound waves is inserted into the rectum. The
sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The
echoes form a picture of body tissue called a sonogram. ERUS is used to
look for abnormalities in the rectum and nearby structures, including the
prostate. Also called transrectal ultrasound.
|
|
|
(eh-RITH-ro-site)
| |
A cell that carries oxygen to all parts of the body. Also called a red blood cell (RBC). |
|
| |
ESR. The distance red blood cells travel in one hour in a sample of blood as they settle to the bottom of a test tube. The sedimentation rate is increased in inflammation, infection, cancer, rheumatic diseases, and diseases of the blood and bone marrow. Also called sedimentation rate. |
|
| |
A condition in which immature red blood cells (erythroid cells) in the bone marrow are abnormal in size, shape, organization, and/or number. Erythrodysplasia may be caused by vitamin deficiency or chemotherapy, or it may be a sign of refractory anemia, which is a myelodysplastic syndrome. Also called erythroid dysplasia. |
|
| |
A condition in which immature red blood cells (erythroid cells) in the bone marrow are abnormal in size, shape, organization, and/or number. Erythroid dysplasia may be caused by vitamin deficiency or chemotherapy, or it may be a sign of refractory anemia, which is a myelodysplastic syndrome. Also called erythrodysplasia. |
|
(eh-RITH-ro-loo-KEE-mee-a)
| |
Cancer of the blood-forming tissues in which large numbers of immature, abnormal red blood cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. |
|
(eh-RITH-ro-LOO-ko-PLAY-kee-a)
| |
An abnormal patch of red and white tissue that forms on mucous membranes in the mouth and may become cancerous. Tobacco (smoking or chewing) and alcohol may increase the risk of erythroleukoplakia. |
|
(eh-RITH-ro-PLAY-kee-a)
| |
An abnormal patch of red tissue that forms on mucous membranes in the mouth and may become cancerous. Tobacco (smoking and chewing) and alcohol may increase the risk of erythroplakia. |
|
| |
A substance that is naturally produced by the kidneys, and that stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. When erythropoietin is made in the laboratory, it is called epoetin alfa or epoetin beta. |
|
(eh-SOF-a-JEE-al)
| |
Having to do with the esophagus, the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. |
|
(eh-SOF-a-JEE-al)
| |
Speech produced by trapping air in the esophagus and forcing it out again. It is used after removal of a person's larynx (voice box). |
|
(eh-sof-a-JEK-tuh-mee)
| |
An operation to remove a portion of the esophagus. |
|
| |
Inflammation of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). |
|
(eh-sof-a-GAHS-ko-pee)
| |
Examination of the esophagus using a thin, lighted tube. |
|
(eh-SOF-a-gram)
| |
A series of x-rays of the esophagus. The x-ray pictures are taken after the person drinks a solution that contains barium. The barium coats and outlines the esophagus on the x-ray. Also called a barium swallow. |
|
(eh-SOF-a-gus)
| |
The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. |
|
| |
erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The distance red blood cells travel in one hour in a sample of blood as they settle to the bottom of a test tube. The sedimentation rate is increased in inflammation, infection, cancer, rheumatic diseases, and diseases of the blood and bone marrow. Also called sedimentation rate. |
|
| |
An increased number of thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood, without a known cause. Also called essential thrombocytosis. |
|
| |
An increased number of thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood, without a known cause. Also called essential thrombocythemia. |
|
| |
A form of the hormone estrogen. |
|
| |
A combination of the hormone estradiol (an estrogen) and nitrogen mustard (an anticancer drug). Used in the palliative therapy of prostate cancer. |
|
(ES-tro-jin)
| |
A hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics. |
|
| |
ER. Protein found on some cancer cells to which estrogen will attach. |
|
| |
ER-. Breast cancer cells that do not have a protein (receptor molecule) to which estrogen will attach. Breast cancer cells that are ER- do not need the hormone estrogen to grow and usually do not respond to hormone (antiestrogen) therapy that blocks these receptor sites. |
|
| |
ER+. Breast cancer cells that have a protein (receptor molecule) to which estrogen will attach. Breast cancer cells that are ER+ need the hormone estrogen to grow and will usually respond to hormone (antiestrogen) therapy that blocks these receptor sites. |
|
| |
A lab test to determine if breast cancer cells have estrogen receptors. If the cells have estrogen receptors, they may depend on estrogen for growth. This information may influence how the breast cancer is treated. |
|
| |
ERT. Hormones (estrogen, progesterone, or both) given to postmenopausal women or to women who have had their ovaries surgically removed. Hormones are given to replace the estrogen no longer produced by the ovaries. |
|
| |
A drug that is commonly used to treat arthritis, and that is being studied as a treatment for loss of appetite and weight loss in cancer patients. It belongs to the family of drugs called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. |
|
| |
A drug that increases the effectiveness of radiation therapy. |
|
| |
An anticancer drug that increases the effectiveness of fluorouracil. Also called eniluracil. |
|
| |
A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates are used as treatment for hypercalcemia (abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood) and for cancer that has spread to the bone (bone metastases). |
|
| |
The cause or origin of disease. |
|
| |
An anticancer drug that belongs to the families of drugs called podophyllotoxin derivatives and topoisomerase inhibitors. |
|
(e-TOPE-o-side FOS-fate)
| |
A drug that is used to treat testicular and small cell lung cancers, and is being studied in the treatment of other cancers. It belongs to the families of drugs called podophyllotoxin derivatives and topoisomerase inhibitors. Also called Etopophos®. |
|
| |
Environmental tobacco smoke. Smoke that comes from the burning of a tobacco product and smoke that is exhaled by smokers (second-hand smoke). Inhaling ETS is called involuntary or passive smoking. |
|
| |
Disease that cannot be measured directly by the size of the tumor but can be evaluated by other methods specific to a particular clinical trial. |
|
| |
Patients whose response to a treatment can be measured because enough information has been collected. |
|
| |
A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the families of drugs called immunosuppressive agents and antiangiogenesis agents. |
|
| |
EFTs. A group of cancers that includes Ewing's tumor of bone
(ETB or Ewing's sarcoma of bone), extraosseus Ewing's (EOE) tumors, primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET or peripheral neuroepithelioma), and Askin's tumors (PNET of the chest wall). These tumors all come from the same type of stem cell.
|
|
(YOO-ingz sar-KO-ma)
| |
A type of bone cancer that usually forms in the middle (shaft) of large bones. Also called Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). |
|
| |
An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors. Also called DX-8951f. |
|
(ek-SI-zhun)
|
(ek-SI-zhun-al BY-op-see)
| |
A surgical procedure in which an entire lump or suspicious area is removed for diagnosis. The tissue is then examined under a microscope.
|
|
| |
An anticancer drug used to decrease estrogen production and suppress the growth of estrogen-dependent tumors. |
|
| |
A drug that is being studied in the treatment and prevention of cancer. It has been shown to cause apoptosis (cell death) in cancerous and precancerous cells by acting through a group of cellular enzymes called cGMP phosphodiesterases. |
|
| |
A pancreatic cell that produces enzymes that are secreted into the small intestine. These enzymes help digest food as it passes through the gastrointestinal tract. |
|
| |
A way to provide an investigational therapy to a patient who is not eligible to receive that therapy in a clinical trial, but who has a serious or life-threatening illness for which other treatments are not available. Also called compassionate use trial. |
|
| |
In clinical trials, refers to a drug (including a new drug,
dose, combination, or route of administration) or procedure that has
undergone basic laboratory testing and received approval from the US Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) to be tested in human subjects. A drug or
procedure may be approved by the FDA for use in one disease or condition,
but be considered experimental in other diseases or conditions. Also called
investigational. |
|
| |
Cancer has spread outside of the lung in which it began or to other parts of the body. |
|
(ray-dee-AY-shun)
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Radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. Also called external-beam radiation. |
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(ray-dee-AY-shun)
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Radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. Also called external radiation. |
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(extra-heh-PAT-ik)
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Located or occurring outside the liver. |
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Surgery to remove a diseased lung, part of the pericardium (membrane covering the heart), part of the diaphragm (muscle between the lungs and the abdomen), and part of the parietal pleura (membrane lining the chest). This type of surgery is used most often to treat malignant mesothelioma. |
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