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Treatment with a vaccine. |
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A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. A vaccine can help the body recognize and destroy cancer cells or microorganisms. |
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A substance added to a vaccine to improve the immune response so that less vaccine is needed. |
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A type of treatment that uses a substance or group of substances to stimulate the immune system to destroy a tumor or infectious microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses. |
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A cancer vaccine containing the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene. |
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(vah-JYE-na)
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The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. |
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Having to do with the vagina (the birth canal). |
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A substance that is being studied in the prevention of fungal, bacterial, and viral infections in patients undergoing donor stem cell transplantation with cells that are infected with cytomegalovirus. It belongs to the family of drugs called antivirals. |
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A substance that is being studied as a treatment for pain and other side effects of cancer therapy. It belongs to the family of drugs called COX-2 inhibitors. |
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Valeriana officinalis. A plant whose roots are used as a sedative and to treat certain medical conditions. It is being studied as a way to improve sleep in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Also called garden valerian, Indian valerian, Pacific valerian, Mexican valerian, garden heliotrope, and Valerianae radix. |
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Valerian. A plant whose roots are used as a sedative and to treat certain medical conditions. It is being studied as a way to improve sleep in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Also called garden valerian, Indian valerian, Pacific valerian, Mexican valerian, garden heliotrope, and Valerianae radix. |
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Valeriana officinalis. A plant whose roots are used as a sedative and to treat certain medical conditions. It is being studied as a way to improve sleep in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Also called valerian, garden valerian, Indian valerian, Pacific valerian, Mexican valerian, and garden heliotrope. |
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An antiviral agent that is being studied as a treatment for AIDS-related cytomegalovirus. It is changed in the body to ganciclovir. |
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(val-PRO-ik acid)
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A drug used to treat epileptic seizures and bipolar disorder and
to prevent migraine headaches. It is also being studied in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. It belongs to
the families of drugs called anticonvulsants, antimanics, and migraine headache prophylactics.
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An antibiotic drug used to fight resistant bacterial infections. |
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family
of drugs called somatostatin analogs. |
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A condition in which a vein, most often in the legs, becomes permanently enlarged, twisted, and painful. This may be caused by valves in the vein that don’t work properly or by weakness in the vein walls. |
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A coiled tube that carries the sperm out of the testes. |
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VEGF. A substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation. |
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(vas-EK-toe-mee)
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An operation to cut or tie off the two tubes that carry sperm out of the testicles. |
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Affecting the narrowing and widening of the blood vessels. |
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Vascular endothelial growth factor. A substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation. |
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A substance that blocks the action of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prevents the growth of new blood vessels into a tumor. It belongs
to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. |
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The puncture of a vein with a needle for the purpose of drawing blood. Also called phlebotomy.
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An antidepressant drug that is being evaluated for the treatment of hot flashes in women who have breast cancer. |
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(VEN-trih-kul)
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A fluid-filled cavity in the heart or brain. |
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A substance that is used to treat erectile dysfunction. Viagra relaxes the smooth muscle of the penis to allow increased blood flow and erection. It belongs to the family of drugs called phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Also called sildenafil. |
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Surgery that is aided by the use of a video camera that projects and enlarges the image on a television screen. Also called video-assisted surgery. |
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Surgery that is aided by the use of a video camera that projects and enlarges the image on a television screen. Also called video-assisted resection. |
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A type of polyp that grows in the colon and other places in the gastrointestinal tract and sometimes in other parts of the body. These adenomas may become malignant (cancerous). |
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A tiny hair-like projection, often on the surface of mucous membranes. The plural is villi. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. It is a mitotic inhibitor. |
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An anticancer drug that inhibits cancer cell growth by stopping cell division. It is also called an antimitotic or antimicrotubule agent, or a mitotic inhibitor. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. |
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(VINE-uhl KLOR-ide)
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A substance used to make plastics. Exposure to vinyl chloride may increase the risk of developing liver, brain, and lung cancers; lymphoma; and leukemia. |
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Having to do with a virus. |
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A type of virus used in cancer therapy. The virus is changed in the laboratory and cannot cause disease. Viral vectors produce tumor antigens (proteins found on a tumor cell) and can stimulate an antitumor immune response in the body. Viral vectors may also be used to carry genes that can change cancer cells back to normal cells. |
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(ko-lun-AHS-ko-pee)
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A method under study to examine the colon by taking a series of x-rays (called a CT scan) and using a high-powered computer to reconstruct 2-D and 3-D pictures of the interior surfaces of the colon from these x-rays. The pictures can be saved, manipulated to better viewing angles, and reviewed after the procedure, even years later. Also called computed tomography colography. |
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The ability of a microorganism to cause damage to its host. |
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Refers to the ability of a virus or a bacterium to cause damage to its host. |
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A substance that activates some types of immune system cells, and is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called biological therapy agents. |
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(VYE-rus)
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A microorganism that can infect cells and cause disease. |
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The reproduction cycle of viruses. A replication cycle begins with the infection of a host cell and ends with the release of mature progeny virus particles. |
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An antibody that binds to a virus and interferes with its ability to infect a cell. |
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The soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. |
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Having to do with the viscera, which are the soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive, excretory, reproductive, and circulatory systems. |
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A member of a group of small proteins produced by mistletoe plants that are able to kill cells and may stimulate the immune system. |
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A monoclonal antibody that binds to CD3 (a substance found on T-cells) and that is being studied as a treatment for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). It belongs to the family of drugs called monoclonal antibodies. |
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A rare, slow-growing tumor of the eye. |
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Necessary to maintain life. Breathing is a vital function. |
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A key nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to grow and stay strong. Examples are vitamins A, C, and E. |
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A substance used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. |
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A substance used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called tocopherols. |
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A substance that promotes the clotting of blood. |
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A substance found in most tissues in the body, and in many foods. It can also be made in the laboratory. It is used by the body to produce energy for cells, and as an antioxidant. It is being studied in the treatment of cancer and in the relief of side effects caused by some cancer treatments. Also called coenzyme Q10, Q10, CoQ10, and ubiquinone. |
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A genetically modified Salmonella bacterium that is injected into the tumor. It is being studied for its ability to shrink solid tumors.
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A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. |
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(VOH-kul kord)
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One of two small bands of muscle within the larynx that vibrates to produce the voice. |
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A rare inherited disorder in which blood vessels grow abnormally in the eyes, brain, spinal cord, adrenal glands, or other parts of the body. People with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome have a higher risk of developing some types of cancer. |
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A drug that treats infections caused by fungi. |
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A hormone therapy drug used to decrease the production of estrogen. |
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The external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina. |
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Cancer of the vulva (the external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina). |
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A drug being studied to make cancer cells less resistant to the effects of chemotherapy. |
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A drug being studied to make cancer cells less resistant to the effects of chemotherapy. |
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