TABLE 1

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TABLE 1 Percentage of All PFP Participants with Selected Work Program Exemptions in SSF/PFP Research Counties
	Exemption Code	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimental
March 96	CA	8.71%	10.38%	12.51%
	IN	3.94	4.12	3.41
	PR	4.61	4.4	3.6
	EM	0.84	1.22	0.49

April 96	CA	9.02	11.07	13.44
	IN	4.12	4.33	3.71
	PR	4.55	4.53	3.96
	EM	0.53	0.8	0.65

May 96	CA	9.41	10.99	13.22
	IN	4.29	4.42	3.61
	PR	4.47	4.53	4.25
	EM	1.1	0.75	0.48

June 96	CA	9.92	12.28	13.17
	IN	3.49	4.02	3.43
	PR	4.72	4.36	5.15
	EM	0.94	0.8	0.39

July 96	CA	10.97	12.38	13.29
	IN	2.72	3.92	3.38
	PR	3.98	4.9	5.3
	EM	0.78	1.1	0.35

August 96	CA	11.57	10.98	13.19
	IN	2.29	3.91	3.00
	PR	3.89	5.56	5.4
	EM	0.9	1.14	0.72

Sept. 96	CA	11.47	13.61	13.36
	IN	2.44	3.93	3.2
	PR	3.96	4.58	5.27
	EM	0.71	1.05	1.07

(table continues)

TABLE 1, continued
	Exemption Code	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimental
Oct. 96	CA	12.25	13.69	14.15
	IN	2.77	4.56	4.02
	PR	4.26	4.3	5.4
	EM	0.75	1.21	0.59

Nov. 96	CA	13.08	13.79	14.74
	IN	2.7	4.45	4.34
	PR	3.78	5.32	4.89
	EM	0.54	1.29	0.96

Dec. 96	CA	13.29	13.99	15.35
	IN	2.77	4.46	4.59
	PR	3.65	5.8	4.52
	EM	0.66	1.19	0.72

Jan. 97	CA	4.07	3.75	4.94
	IN	2.42	4.8	4.87
	PR	3.08	5.26	4.58
	EM	0.88	1.35	0.65

Feb. 97	CA	3.86	3.84	3.91
	IN	2.98	4.61	5.19
	PR	2.65	4.45	5.04
	EM	0.88	0.92	0.45

March 97	CA	3.16	4.59	3.65
	IN	3.04	4.75	5.04
	PR	2.93	4.26	5.04
	EM	0.47	0.66	0.54

April 97	CA	3.02	4.73	3.17
	IN	2.32	4.73	4.76
	PR	2.9	4.39	5.32
	EM	0.7	0.51	0.24
CA: Caring for infant under 12 weeks. IN: Incapacitated. PR: Pregnant. EM: Employed full time.

TABLE 2

Characteristics of the PFP Caseload in Wisconsin

(Cases active in March 1996)

	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimental
Total (N) = 61,261	1,139	1,132	1,957	57,033	24,384
Casehead’s Age
< 18	0.18	0.09	0.36	0.08	0.34
18-24	28.01	27.92	31.68*	25.00	28.98
25-29	22.91	19.61	20.85	21.88	19.96
30-39	30.38	30.92	31.37	33.22	31.40
40 =<	18.53	21.47	15.74***	19.81	19.32
Gender
Female	95.61	96.11	96.58	95.49	93.61
Male	4.39	3.89	3.42	4.51	6.39
Race
White	65.94	62.90	45.07***	36.19	65.25
African American	18.61	21.02	37.25***	41.53	10.81
Hispanic	5.62	6.18	4.80	7.04	3.89
Other	4.65	5.21	6.75	7.67	13.61
Unknown	5.18	4.68	6.13	7.56	6.44
Number of Children
0	0.70	0.62	0.92	0.73	0.84
1	41.18	37.28	37.15	33.60	37.14
2	30.11	33.30	28.10**	28.74	28.48
3	15.01	15.46	17.94	18.78	17.09
4 +	12.99	13.34	15.89	18.16	16.45
Number of Eligible Children
0	1.67	1.68	2.20	2.02	1.98
1	52.94	47.70*	44.76	41.43	45.57
2	24.67	29.86**	27.54	28.10	27.21
3	11.94	13.07	14.21	15.78	13.78
4 +	8.78	7.69	11.29**	12.68	11.45
Age of Oldest Child among Cases with Children
0	5.48	5.42	6.45	4.60	5.76
1 to 2	11.67	12.09	12.33	11.09	12.42
3 to 5	19.63	19.56	19.44	17.57	17.61
6 to 11	31.74	31.11	30.38	30.88	29.53
12 to 18	31.39	31.82	31.36	35.82	34.65
> 18	0.09	0.00	0.05	0.04	0.03
Age of Youngest Child among Cases with Children
0	15.21	16.98	17.43	15.74	17.04
1 to 2	27.94	25.96	27.44	27.72	27.20
3 to 5	24.23	23.73	24.70	23.03	22.32
6 to 11	21.84	22.40	20.68	21.74	21.25
12 to 18	10.79	10.93	9.75	11.78	12.19
Number of Persons in Case Receiving SSI
0	82.35	79.42	75.68*	76.40	77.82
1	14.40	14.84	19.47**	18.52	17.68
2	2.63	4.77*	3.68	4.06	3.61
3 +	0.61	0.97	1.18	1.02	0.89
Cases with Eligible Children Cared for by NLRR	12.12	13.16	8.99***	10.09	10.93
County of Residence
Dane	39.24	42.40	86.77***	0.00	0.00
Dodge	11.33	8.92	1.94***	0.00	0.00
Jefferson	8.43	8.66	1.48***	0.00	0.00
Waukesha	35.91	32.33	9.81***	0.00	0.00
Nonresearch Counties	5.09	7.69*	0.00***	100.00	100.00

Note: Excluded from this anlaysis are 19 cases not having matched with the demographic data set. All these cases were from Nonresearch counties (11 from Milwaukee).

TABLE 3

Charateristics of the PFP Caseload in Wisconsin: Research Counties

(Cases active in March, 1996)

	Dane County (N=2,625)			Dodge County (N=268)			Jefferson County (N=223)			Waukesha County (N=967)
	CL	EX	Non-EX	CL	EX	Non-EX	CL	EX	Non-EX	CL	EX	Non-EX
Total (N) = 4,083	447	480	1,698	129	101	38	96	98	29	409	366	192
Casehead’s Age
< 18	0.45	0.21	0.29	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.04*
18-24	27.52	24.17	29.98*	26.36	34.65	36.84	23.96	22.45	48.28**	29.83	30.05	43.23**
25-29	23.04	19.17	21.02	23.26	19.80	18.42	18.75	19.39	6.90	22.25	17.49	21.88
30-39	31.10	33.33	31.57	28.68	24.75	39.47	32.29	37.76	34.48	29.10	28.69	27.60
40 =<	17.90	23.13*	17.14**	21.71	20.79	5.26*	25.00	20.41	10.34	18.83	23.77	6.25***
Gender
Female	96.87	95.21	96.58	94.57	95.05	97.37	91.67	98.98	96.55	95.11	96.99	96.35
Male	3.13	4.79	3.42	5.43	4.95	2.63	8.33	1.02*	3.45	4.89	3.01	3.65
Race
White	41.83	40.00	40.93	88.37	90.10	81.58	88.54	87.76	72.41*	78.97	75.68	70.31
African American	40.49	42.92	41.22	0.00	1.98	7.89	1.04	0.00	6.90**	5.38	5.19	12.50**
Hispanic	3.58	4.17	4.59	6.98	3.96	5.26	4.17	5.10	6.90	8.07	10.66	6.25
Other	9.17	9.38	7.54	2.33	0.99	0.00	1.04	2.04	3.45	1.22	2.19	1.56
Unknown	4.92	3.54	5.71	2.33	2.97	5.26	5.21	5.10	10.34	6.36	6.28	9.38
Number of Children
0	0.67	0.63	0.88	1.55	0.00	2.63	1.04	1.02	0.00	0.49	0.82	1.04
1	34.68	33.13	35.69	42.64	42.57	39.47	45.83	38.78	34.48	47.92	41.53	50.00
2	34.00	31.46	27.97	31.78	29.70	31.58	26.04	39.80*	31.03	26.41	33.33*	28.13
3	14.77	16.25	17.84	14.73	15.84	18.42	15.63	13.27	31.03*	14.91	14.48	16.67
4 +	15.88	18.54	17.61	9.30	11.88	7.89	11.46	7.14	3.45	10.27	9.84	4.17*
Number of Eligible Children
0	2.01	1.46	2.18	1.55	0.99	2.63	2.08	1.02	3.45	1.47	2.19	2.08
1	45.19	43.96	43.58	51.94	55.45	50.00	58.33	46.94	37.93	60.88	52.19*	55.21
2	27.96	28.96	27.56	29.46	25.74	26.32	20.83	36.73*	34.48	20.54	28.14*	26.56
3	12.98	13.54	14.08	10.85	12.87	15.79	12.50	11.22	20.69	10.51	13.39	14.06
4 +	11.86	12.08	12.60	6.20	4.95	5.26	6.25	4.08	3.45	6.60	4.10	2.08
Age of Oldest Child among Cases with Children
0	5.18	3.35	5.59	3.94	5.94	8.11	5.26	6.19	10.34	5.41	6.61	13.16**
1 to 2	9.68	10.48	11.23	14.96	13.86	16.22	9.47	13.40	20.69	13.51	12.67	20.00*
3 to 5	19.14	16.56	19.19	21.26	22.77	24.32	17.89	14.43	20.69	19.66	21.49	20.53
6 to 11	33.33	32.08	31.25	32.28	31.68	27.03	33.68	38.14	24.14	28.26	29.75	24.21
12 to 18	32.66	37.53	32.68*	27.56	25.74	24.32	33.68	27.84	24.14	32.92	29.48	22.11
> 18	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.25	0.00	0.00
Age of Youngest Child among Cases with Children
0	14.86	13.21	16.28	15.75	18.81	29.73	14.74	16.49	31.03	13.27	19.28*	23.16
1 to 2	29.95	25.16	26.62	25.98	25.74	32.43	23.16	23.71	31.03	27.27	26.45	33.16
3 to 5	25.45	25.79	25.49	23.62	23.76	18.92	21.05	19.59	13.79	23.59	22.31	20.53
6 to 11	19.82	23.27	21.63	22.83	23.76	13.51	26.32	27.84	17.24	23.83	21.49	14.21*
12 to 18	9.91	12.58	9.98	11.81	7.92	5.41	14.74	12.37	6.90	12.04	10.47	8.95
Number of Persons in Case Receiving SSI
0	74.50	71.88	74.20	89.15	78.22*	78.95	81.25	89.80	79.31	88.75	87.16	87.50
1	20.58	18.33	20.49	9.30	18.81*	10.53	15.63	7.14	20.69*	9.78	10.66	11.98
2	3.80	7.71*	4.00***	1.55	1.98	10.53*	3.13	3.06	0.00	1.22	2.19	0.00*
3 +	1.12	2.08	1.30	0.00	0.99	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.24	0.00	0.52
Cases with Eligible Children Cared for by NLRR	8.05	11.88	9.66	15.50	9.90	5.26	17.71	14.29	3.45	15.40	17.76	4.69***

*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001. Designations of statistically significant differences shown in the experimental column refer to differences between the control and experimental groups; those shown in the nonexperimental column refer to differences between the nonexperimental and experimental groups. Excluded were 145 cases that did not reside in research counties although they had group assignments.

TABLE 4

Exits from AFDC among Cases Receiving Assistance on March 1, 1996

	Research Counties						Nonresearch Counties		Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control		Experimental		Nonexperimental
Total (N) = 61,280	1,139		1,132		1,957		57,052		24,392
% Exited & did Not Return* (cumulative)		67.16		72.35**		66.17***		57.81		75.09*
% exited during Quarter 2, 1996	13.17		15.11		12.67		10.06		15.67
% exited during Quarter 3, 1996	15.36		18.55*		13.69***		12.19		18.65
% exited during Quarter 4, 1996	12.55		13.43		13.18		10.69		13.94
% exited during Quarter 1, 1997	7.29		8.30		8.28		8.10		8.63
% exited during Quarter 2, 1997	9.22		7.42		8.48		7.75		8.28
% exited during Quarter 3, 1997	9.57		9.54		9.86		9.01		9.93
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997		14.31		11.66		14.97**		16.17		10.34
% Never Exited		18.53		15.99		18.86*		26.02		14.57
Total		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00

Note: "Exited" is defined as two consecutive months with no AFDC benefits and did not return during period of observation through September, 1997.

TABLE 5

Exits from AFDC among Cases Receiving Assistance on March 1, 1996: Research Counties

	Dane County (N=2,625)						Dodge County (N=268)						Jefferson County (N=223)						Waukesha County (N=967)
	CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX
Total (N) = 4,083	447		480		1,698		129		101		38		96		98		29		409		366		192
% Exited & did Not Return* (Cumulative)		54.14		65.21***		65.78		72.87		69.31		60.53		78.13		84.69		82.76		75.31		77.87		68.23*
% exited during Quarter 2, 1996 % exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997	8.50 12.30 8.28 5.59 9.40 10.07		10.21 15.21 13.13* 10.63** 6.04 10.00		12.90 14.02 13.02 7.54* 8.60 9.72		15.50 17.05 14.73 9.30 6.20 10.08		13.86 22.77 11.88 7.92 8.91 3.96		10.53 21.05 13.16 10.53 0.00 5.26		15.63 18.75 17.71 8.33 8.33 9.38		22.45 27.55 11.22 4.08 7.14 12.24		10.34 17.24 17.24 17.24* 13.79 6.90		16.87 18.34 14.67 7.82 8.80 8.80		20.77 18.85 14.75 6.56 8.20 8.74		11.46 8.85 14.06 13.02** 8.33 12.50
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997		20.36		12.50***		14.96		13.95		12.87		15.79		9.38		8.16		10.34		9.78		10.38		15.63
% Never Exited		25.50		22.29		19.26		13.18		17.82		23.68		12.50		7.14		6.90		14.91		11.75		16.15
Total		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.01		99.99		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.01

Note: "Exited" is defined as two consecutive months with no AFDC benefits and did not return during period of observation through September, 1997. Excluded from this analysis are 145 cases (58 Control and 87 Experimental) residing in nonresearch counties. These 145 cases were included in the table 3 based on their group assignment. Total percent may not be 100 due to rounding error.

*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001.

TABLE 6

AFDC Benefit Levels among Cases Receiving AFDC on March 1, 1996

	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimental
Total (N) = 61,280	1,139	1,132	1,957	57,052	24,392
Quarter 2, 1996 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases	N=1,036 $410.90 440.00 N=1,049 402.88	N=1,032 $419.49 440.00 N=1,036 412.97	N=1,799 $440.73*** 440.00 N=1,819 427.32*	N=53,163 $439.24 440.00 N=53,465 428.95	N=21,992 $422.25 434.33 N=22,155 410.50
Quarter 3, 1996 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases	N=810 393.33 440.00 N=824 383.99	N=771 409.21* 440.00 N=788 389.14	N=1,415 426.54* 440.00 N=1,469 395.55	N=43,760 430.22 440.00 N=44,857 407.37	N=16,017 403.81 426.00 N=16,623 378.69
Quarter 4, 1996 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases	N=645 397.04 440.00 N=658 387.81	N=601 394.00 436.00 N=632 367.04*	N=1,145 421.17*** 440.00 N=1,200 385.65*	N=37,360 426.17 440.00 N=38,367 401.46	N=12,441 397.40 426.00 N=12,871 375.23
Quarter 1, 1997 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases	N=571 391.56 428.00 N=578 381.61	N=496 395.80 440.00 N=508 378.83	N=968 412.07 440.00 N=1,015 377.12	N=32,600 421.77 440.00 N=33,313 398.12	N=10,391 399.17 426.00 N=10,665 380.17
Quarter 2, 1997 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases	N=499 389.31 440.00 N=507 379.03	N=422 394.73 437.17 N=434 378.17	N=855 414.86* 440.00 N=879 392.26	N=29,166 419.67 440.00 N=29,842 397.62	N=8,763 395.88 426.00 N=8,985 377.65
Quarter 3, 1997 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases	N=414 405.23 440.00 N=423 392.01	N=354 388.25 418.92 N=360 375.12	N=702 409.86* 440.00 N=726 386.13	N=25,342 415.52 440.00 N=25,839 395.77	N=6,739 383.56 406.00 N=6,909 366.57
All Months during 4/30/96 - 9/30/97 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases	N=1,051 393.71 415.27 N=1,063 381.74	N=1,046 404.56 427.07 N=1,050 387.27	N=1,833 421.54** 434.22 N=1,849 394.07	N=53,887 418.91 428.81 N=54,109 398.25	N=22,309 400.41 416.40 N=22,441 379.91

*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001.

TABLE 7

AFDC Benefit Levels among Cases Receiving AFDC on March 1, 1996: Research Counties

Dane County (N=2,625)

Dodge County (N=268)

Jefferson County (N=223)

Waukesha County (N=967)

Non-EX

Total (N) = 4,083

447

480

1,698

129

101

409

366

192

Quarter 2, 1996

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases

N=417

$438.68

440.00

N=424

427.77

N=444

$437.28

440.00

N=446

429.77

N=1,563

$442.28

440.00

N=1,581

428.49

N=112

$388.35

440.00

N=114

379.79

N=91

$416.22

440.00

N=92

405.14

N=33

$424.02

435.67

N=33

418.88

N=84

$362.99

387.83

N=85

349.58

N=86

$383.05

426.00

N=86

371.32

N=27

$460.41**

475.00

N=27

460.41**

N=368

$392.58

439.50

N=371

387.96

N=328

$401.95

440.00

N=329

398.06

N=176

$427.11

440.00

N=178

413.55

Quarter 3, 1996

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases

N=340

417.87

440.00

N=348

404.89

N=357

429.14

440.00

N=366

404.26

N=1,226

429.20

440.00

N=1,273

397.04

N=86

371.20

412.25

N=87

365.51

N=62

415.19

440.00

N=63

401.63

N=25

362.98

370.00

N=26

338.44

N=64

343.75

332.25

N=65

338.46

N=55

369.29

407.67

N=55

356.86

N=22

376.48

385.83

N=23

350.25

N=275

377.31

418.67

N=278

370.74

N=235

386.28

440.00

N=240

369.33

N=142

422.61*

440.00

N=147

399.83

Quarter 4, 1996

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases

N=291

425.85

440.00

N=300

412.88

N=292

409.65

440.00

N=313

372.01**

N=980

420.99

440.00

N=1,035

382.08

N=61

384.18

440.00

N=62

373.19

N=48

401.01

423.50

N=51

374.86

N=18

408.02

440.00

N=18

399.87

N=48

355.56

391.83

N=48

351.83

N=42

381.82

411.00

N=42

376.32

N=18

425.97

437.00

N=18

370.05

N=210

370.17

407.83

N=211

367.72

N=173

365.48

430.67

N=180

349.47

N=129

423.72***

440.00

N=129

414.52***

Quarter 1, 1997

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases

N=279

422.90

440.00

N=285

408.11

N=238

423.87

440.00

N=248

396.56

N=834

415.66

440.00

N=879

379.48

N=50

349.60

371.75

N=50

347.95

N=44

394.12

401.25

N=44

386.61

N=18

350.45

389.25

N=18

350.45

N=41

335.91

374.67

N=41

333.96

N=34

372.38

390.83

N=35

355.05

N=12

394.81

435.33

N=12

313.61

N=174

365.97

403.50

N=175

358.60

N=142

355.62

390.83

N=143

349.21

N=104

395.86*

440.00

N=106

369.19

Quarter 2, 1997

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases

N=257

416.34

440.00

N=263

399.98

N=212

424.14

440.00

N=221

398.67

N=744

418.08

440.00

N=767

393.79

N=49

371.74

424.67

N=51

357.06

N=36

401.03

440.00

N=36

401.03

N=16

333.53

328.08

N=16

322.76

N=30

357.44

421.50

N=30

357.64

N=28

370.38

351.50

N=29

355.40

N=8

424.29

454.67

N=8

414.56

N=145

353.17

325.00

N=145

352.25

N=113

344.32

314.67

N=113

343.13

N=87

401.43**

440.00

N=88

389.53*

Quarter 3, 1997

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases

N=214

441.02

440.00

N=222

419.32

N=181

411.07

440.00

N=187

388.05

N=611

416.26

440.00

N=632

393.24

N=39

368.82

424.00

N=39

368.82

N=34

373.91

392.83

N=34

368.61

N=15

306.40

248.00

N=16

283.38

N=26

356.51

392.00

N=26

342.05

N=19

417.84

426.00

N=19

417.84*

N=4

395.75

378.50

N=5

268.20

N=121

361.93

362.00

N=122

358.14

N=98

350.47

301.50

N=98

349.21

N=72

377.85

440.00

N=73

355.11

All Months during 4/30/96 - 9/30/97

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on AFDC including zero benefit cases

N=424

423.21

433.38

N=430

406.40

N=452

421.72

437.50

N=455

396.16

N=1,589

423.10

436.60

N=1,605

393.72

N=114

380.64

397.73

N=116

367.70

N=94

401.57

434.96

N=94

389.43

N=36

401.13

376.12

N=36

388.27

N=87

344.74

368.56

N=88

333.53

N=86

377.10

392.39

N=86

360.20

N=27

429.61

436.57

N=27

400.31

N=371

372.56

392.86

N=374

366.09

N=329

385.12

410.50

N=330

375.93

N=181

410.75*

426.00

N=181

397.40

Note: Excluded from this analysis are 145 cases (58 Control and 87 Experimental) residing in nonresearch counties.These 145 cases were included in the table 5 based on their group assignment.*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001.

TABLE 8

Exits from Food Stamp (FS) Use among Cases Receiving AFDC on March 1, 1996

	Research Counties						Non-Research Counties		Non-Research Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control		Experimental		Non-EX
Total (N) with FS = 55,639	943		908		1,785		52,003		20,790
% Exited & did Not Return* (Cumulative)		52.17		54.52		49.69*		42.08		54.41
% exited during Quarter 2, 1996 % exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997	7.00 10.29 10.50 7.10 7.95 9.33		7.49 10.35 9.36 9.36 9.14 8.81		5.77 9.58 8.57 7.68 8.07 10.03		4.82 7.34 7.12 6.54 7.23 9.03		6.82 10.65 9.53 7.68 9.17 10.55
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997		20.04		22.69		24.43		21.69		22.75
% Never Exited		27.78		22.80*		25.88		36.23		22.84
Total		99.99		100.01		100.00		100.00		100.00

Note: "Exited" is defined as two consecutive months with no Food Stamp benefits and did not return during period of observation through September, 1997. Excluded from this analysis are 5,641 AFDC cases never receiving Food Stamp benefits during the 19-month period.Total percent may not be 100 due to rounding error.

*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001.

TABLE 9

Exits from Food Stamp (FS) Use among Cases Receiving AFDC on March 1, 1996: Research Counties

	Dane County (N=2,371)						Dodge County (N=208)						Jefferson County (N=176)						Waukesha County (N=744)
	CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX
Total (N) with FS = 3,499	413		418		1,540		95		78		35		74		75		27		308		253		183
% Exited & did Not Return* (Cumulative)		41.16		48.33*		49.09		61.05		48.72		51.43		66.22		69.33		77.78		61.04		62.85		50.27**
% exited during Quarter 2, 1996 % exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997	4.60 7.99 7.26 5.81 5.08 10.41		4.07 6.22 8.85 10.29* 8.85* 10.05		5.84 9.81* 8.38 6.95* 7.92 10.19		8.42 15.79 12.63 4.21 8.42 11.58		10.26 14.10 3.85* 11.54 7.69 1.28**		2.86 11.43 17.14* 5.71 5.71 8.57		12.16 9.46 17.57 6.76 9.46 10.81		16.00 17.33 16.00 4.00 10.67 5.33		0.00* 18.52 14.81 14.81 18.52 11.11		8.77 12.01 12.99 9.74 10.71 6.82		10.67 15.02 9.49 9.49 9.49 8.70		6.56 6.01** 7.65 13.11 8.20 8.74
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997		21.55		22.49		24.48		18.95		26.92		28.57		18.92		14.67		18.52		16.56		20.55		24.04
% Never Exited		37.29		29.19*		26.43		20.00		24.36		20.00		14.86		16.00		3.70		22.40		16.60		25.68*
Total		100.00		100.01		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00		99.99

Note: "Exited" is defined as two consecutive months with no Food Stamp benefits and did not return during period of observation through September, 1997. Excluded from this analysis are 137 cases (53 Control and 84 Experimental) residing in nonresearch counties. These 137 cases were included in the table 6 based on their group assignment. Total percent may not be 100 due to rounding error.

*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001.

TABLE 10

Food Stamp Benefit Levels among Cases Receiving AFDC on March 1, 1996

	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimental
Total (N) with FS = 55,639	943	908	1,785	52,003	20,790
Quarter 2, 1996 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases	N=863 $205.07 193.00 N=866 198.38	N=843 $217.60* 204.00 N=847 209.52*	N=1,680 $221.72 204.00 N=1,686 214.30	N=49,292 $230.28 212.00 N=49,482 222.46	N=19,168 $224.54 204.00 N=19,267 217.27
Quarter 3, 1996 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases	N=728 202.31 195.00 N=734 194.04	N=694 206.96 193.50 N=704 192.10	N=1,457 220.64* 202.67 N=1,471 206.65**	N=43,939 232.52 213.33 N=44,220 219.08	N=16,099 222.55 202.00 N=16,249 210.07
Quarter 4, 1996 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases	N=634 201.27 197.25 N=638 190.83	N=621 203.95 122.00 N=627 186.86	N=1,266 217.81* 202.75 N=1,277 202.77**	N=40,023 234.74 216.33 N=40,384 218.40	N=13,997 225.85 204.50 N=14,194 209.01
Quarter 1, 1997 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases	N=580 209.56 201.00 N=581 199.01	N=533 206.86 282.50 N=540 193.81	N=1,147 221.55* 200.00 N=1,161 204.31	N=37,042 238.54 220.00 N=37,320 221.99	N=12,791 229.23 207.67 N=12,919 213.52
Quarter 2, 1997 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases	N=523 211.52 199.00 N=531 199.98	N=470 212.47 201.17 N=478 195.66	N=1,046 222.09 204.50 N=1,056 207.66	N=34,234 235.86 219.00 N=34,565 219.07	N=11,433 228.74 208.67 N=11,570 212.64
Quarter 3, 1997 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases	N=481 208.51 190.00 N=491 191.54	N=434 203.57 194.67 N=441 187.84	N=941 218.10 203.00 N=957 203.27*	N=31,513 231.96 215.50 N=31,820 217.90	N=10,063 215.94 199.50 N=10,222 199.86
All Months during 4/30/96 - 9/30/97 Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases	N=910 203.34 193.56 N=914 194.12	N=884 207.86 199.61 N=886 195.75	N=1,749 215.04 202.83 N=1,750 203.85	N=50,946 225.93 212.83 N=51,059 214.55	N=20,205 218.12 204.00 N=20,256 206.78

Note: Excluded are 5,641 AFDC cases never receiving Food Stamp benefits during the 19-month period. Monthly mean and median Food Stamp benefits are for those receiving benefits in at least one month during the quarter.*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001

TABLE 11

Food Stamp Benefit Levels among Cases Receiving AFDC on March 1, 1996: Research Counties

Dane County (N=2,371)

Dodge County (N=208)

Jefferson County (N=176)

Waukesha County (N=744)

Non-EX

Total (N) with FS = 3,499

413

418

1,540

308

253

183

Quarter 2, 1996

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases

N=390

$207.40

191.00

N=392

200.05

N=394

$219.36

201.83

N=397

211.00

N=1,452

$220.08

203.33

N=1,458

213.14

N=85

$201.28

200.00

N=85

197.28

N=71

$206.28

200.00

N=71

200.97

N=31

$236.38

238.00

N=31

217.59

N=67

$189.08

178.00

N=67

184.41

N=70

$226.34

210.00

N=70

215.77

N=23$ 233.98

237.00

N=27

232.24

N=277

$204.27

186.67

N=277

198.85

N=234

$210.29

201.00

N=234

204.34

N=174

$231.17

203.00

N=174

221.09

Quarter 3, 1996

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases

N=337

205.87

196.33

N=340

197.39

N=352

209.43

198.00

N=356

196.50

N=1,255

221.04

203.00

N=1,267

207.63

N=68

193.44

182.83

N=68

187.62

N=55

207.70

181.00

N=55

185.81

N=26

229.25

185.50

N=27

184.44

N=55

187.25

196.00

N=55

174.87

N=43

197.53

188.00

N=43

184.96

N=21

225.18

206.00

N=22

197.14

N=230

199.28

193.33

N=233

191.34

N=182

196.68

190.33

N=187

181.13

N=155

215.31

201.00

N=155

203.85*

Quarter 4, 1996

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases

N=301

210.00

202.00

N=304

198.99

N=320

205.74

191.50

N=324

190.92

N=1,092

217.95

202.00

N=1,101

202.70

N=58

179.22

173.75

N=58

175.33

N=52

186.20

173.00

N=52

167.73

N=20

209.25

234.75

N=20

198.40

N=43

174.94

177.00

N=43

166.43

N=35

204.51

207.33

N=35

181.42

N=19

244.38

220.00

N=19

230.62

N=194

195.88

180.58

N=195

185.19

N=155

203.54

191.00

N=157

188.39

N=135

214.15

204.67

N=137

200.10

Quarter 1, 1997

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases

N=288

214.60

203.00

N=288

204.02

N=276

205.11

186.50

N=281

193.56

N=987

223.70

200.00

N=998

206.80

N=50

204.67

208.00

N=50

190.58

N=42

207.07

187.83

N=42

186.36

N=20

229.52

201.17

N=21

206.41

N=40

194.78

187.33

N=40

180.30

N=33

204.98

180.00

N=34

183.91

N=15

204.73

204.50

N=16

184.00

N=170

208.10

193.00

N=171

197.99

N=128

212.80

199.67

N=129

198.84

N=125

205.30

195.00

N=126

186.82

Quarter 2, 1997

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases

N=282

214.47

201.33

N=285

204.77

N=247

212.65

204.00

N=252

195.92

N=912

224.35

206.17

N=920

210.45

N=47

210.96

223.00

N=48

199.34

N=39

182.45

186.67

N=40

174.71

N=19

230.84

264.00

N=19

193.34

N=31

184.71

173.67

N=31

164.39

N=27

213.18

207.33

N=28

201.45

N=12

258.33

264.00

N=12

248.25

N=139

208.73

192.33

N=141

199.42

N=109

219.20

203.00

N=110

199.26

N=103

196.22

172.00

N=105

181.17

Quarter 3, 1997

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases

N=255

215.77

195.67

N=261

200.51

N=226

207.57

196.00

N=232

194.23

N=822

219.78

203.00

N=837

204.81

N=41

180.25

190.00

N=42

167.76

N=41

161.83

162.00

N=41

154.13

N=17

243.82*

228.00

N=17

221.91

N=27

191.46

170.50

N=27

187.39

N=24

201.15

208.33

N=25

179.16

N=7

266.69

242.00

N=7

255.71

N=128

206.23

182.33

N=131

181.16

N=101

202.56

195.00

N=101

180.36

N=95

195.31

179.33

N=96

182.79

All Months during 4/30/96 - 9/30/97

Mean monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Median monthly benefits among those receiving benefits

Mean monthly benefits for all cases on FS including zero benefit cases

N=404

206.73

189.94

N=405

198.67

N=410

206.79

197.04

N=412

195.25

N=1,510

214.81

200.41

N=1,511

204.15

N=90

192.51

198.88

N=90

186.11

N=75

199.49

194.00

N=75

186.14

N=35

219.58

207.00

N=35

195.62

N=71

197.86

197.50

N=71

185.06

N=72

222.42

214.65

N=72

206.30

N=27

230.01

226.67

N=27

212.86

N=292

203.02

191.77

N=295

192.67

N=244

203.78

197.69

N=244

192.94

N=177

213.83

207.00

N=177

201.60

Note: Excluded from this analysis are 137 cases (53 Control and 84 Experimental) residing in nonresearch counties. These 137 cases were included in the table 8 based on their group assignment.*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001

TABLE 12

Quarterly Earnings among Cases Receiving AFDC on March 1, 1996

	Research Counties			Non-Research Counties	Non-Research Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Non-EX
Total (N) = 60,887^	1,137	1,128	1,954	56,668	24,303
Quarter 2, 1996 Percent with Earnings Average of Earnings among those with Earnings Mean Median	N= 520 (45.73%) $2,141.09 $1,611.50	N=503 (44.59%) $2,068.75 $1,557.00	N=825 (42.22%) $1,717.41*** $1,282.00	N=24029 (42.40%) $1,741.87 $1,342.00	N=11003 (45.27%) $1,676.95 $1,280.00
Quarter 3, 1996 Percent with Earnings Average of Earnings among those with Earnings Mean Median	N= 592 (52.07%) 2,246.42 1,738.50	N=564 (50.00%) 2,348.56 2,002.50	N=945 (48.36%) 1,900.20*** 1,499.00	N=27133 (47.88%) 1,885.35 1,513.00	N=12455 (51.25%) 1,923.99 1,586.00
Quarter 4, 1996 Percent with Earnings Average of Earnings among those with Earnings Mean Median	N= 638 (56.11%) 2,482.01 1,991.50	N=604 (53.55%) 2,673.78 2,373.50	N=1021 (52.25%) 2,204.85*** 1,868.00	N=29031 (51.23%) 2,184.31 1,878.00	N=12818 (52.74%) 2,188.14 1,890.00
Quarter 1, 1997 Percent with Earnings Average of Earnings among those with Earnings Mean Median	N= 627 (55.15%) 2,494.42 2,142.00	N=619 (54.88%) 2,595.48 2,156.00	N=956 (48.93%) 2,344.86 2,016.50	N=27709 (48.90%) 2,180.75 1,911.00	N=12350 (50.82%) 2,173.85 1,887.50
Quarter 2, 1997 Percent with Earnings Average of Earnings among those with Earnings Mean Median	N= 642 (56.46%) 2,742.77 2,440.00	N=643 (57.00%) 2,738.46 2,441.00	N=1016 (52.00%)** 2,478.95* 2,182.00	N=29689 (52.39%) 2,323.26 2,065.00	N=13493 (55.52%) 2,307.37 2,046.00
Quarter 3, 1997 Percent with Earnings Average of Earnings among those with Earnings Mean Median	N= 686 (60.33%) 2,836.56 2,616.50	N=675 (59.84%) 2,759.19 2,379.00	N=1114 (57.01%) 2,492.78* 2,269.00	N=31449 (55.50%) 2,373.65 2,129.00	N=14043 (57.78%) 2,436.97 2,216.00

Note: Mean and median earnings are for those working during the quarter.

^Excluded are 393 cases without information that can be matched with the earnings data.

*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001

TABLE 13

Quarterly Earnings among Cases Receiving AFDC on March 1, 1996: Research Counties

Dane County (N=2,621)

Dodge County (N=268)

Jefferson County (N=222)

Waukesha County (N=963)

Non-EX

TOTAL = 4,074^

447

479

1,695

129

101

408

363

192

Quarter 2, 1996

Percent with Earnings

Average of Earnings among those with Earnings

Mean

Median

N=179

(40.04%)

$1,980.50

$1,603.00

N=185

(38.62%)

$2,076.56

$1,614.00

N=711

(41.95%)

$1,723.34*

$1,280.00

N=64

(49.61%)

2,272.75

1,928.00

N=45

(44.55%)

1,866.29

1,463.00

N=13

(34.21%)

1,783.85

2,029.00

N=55

(57.89%)

2,037.69

1,441.00

N=52

(53.06%)

1,912.15

1,440.50

N=13

(44.83%)

1,559.31

1,505.00

N=198

(48.53%)

2,387.14

1,674.00

N=177

(48.76%)

2,394.40

1,801.00

N=88

(45.83%)

1,683.05**

1,197.00

Quarter 3, 1996

Percent with Earnings

Average of Earnings among those with Earnings

Mean

Median

N=204

(45.64%)

2,039.50

1,666.50

N=211

(44.05%)

2,344.68

2,067.00

N=812

(47.91%)

1,966.48*

1,556.00

N=83

(64.34%)

2,495.83

1,975.00

N=57

(56.44%)

1,994.56

1,337.00

N=18

(47.37%)

1,155.89*

784.50

N=53

(55.79 %)

2,127.28

1,670.00

N=60

(61.22%)

2,170.82

1,772.00

N=13

(44.83 %)

1,232.46*

1,166.00

N=226

(55.39%)

2,463.45

1,865.50

N=196

(53.99%)

2,686.56

2,244.00

N=102

(53.13%)

1,589.07***

1,136.50

Quarter 4, 1996

Percent with Earnings

Average of Earnings among those with Earnings

Mean

Median

N=214

(47.87%)

2,236.90

1,852.50

N=237

(49.48%)

2,664.03*

2,510.00

N=870

(51.33%)

2,266.31**

1,968.00

N=88

(68.22%)

2,911.39

2,597.00

N=48 (47.52%)**

2,734.60

2,014.00

N=20

(52.63%)

1,762.90

1,634.50

N=55

(57.89%)

2,509.89

1,875.00

N=59

(60.20%)

2,339.70

1,997.00

N=20

(68.97%)

1,332.35**

942.00

N=247

(60.54%)

2,653.32

2,043.00

N=212

(58.40%)

2,987.63

2,673.50

N=111

(57.81%)

1,960.00***

1,571.00

Quarter 1, 1997

Percent with Earnings

Average of Earnings among those with Earnings

Mean

Median

N=218

(48.77%)

2,251.02

1,869.00

N=237

(49.48%)

2,587.17

2,092.00

N=821

(48.44%)

2,390.41

2,080.00

N=86

(66.67%)

2,719.57

2,275.00

N=49

(48.51%)**

2,711.20

2,186.00

N=19

(50.00%)

1,613.05

1,119.00

N=53

(55.79%)

2,637.53

2,137.00

N=57

(58.16%)

2,127.79

2,095.00

N=17

(58.62%)

2,186.53

2,225.00

N=238

(58.33%)

2,720.44

2,348.50

N=225

(61.98%)

2,902.56

2,516.00

N=99

(51.56%)*

2,134.69**

1,788.00

Quarter 2, 1997

Percent with Earnings

Average of Earnings among those with Earnings

Mean

Median

N=220

(49.22%)

2,501.49

2,330.50

N=247

(51.57%)

2,732.00

2,545.00

N=863

(50.91%)

2,516.11

2,214.00

N=86

(66.67%)

2,871.72

2,392.00

N=47

(46.53%)**

2,663.38

2,089.00

N=21

(55.26%)

1,971.19

1,560.00

N=55

(57.89%)

2,655.40

2,250.00

N=64

(65.31%)

2,462.08

2,398.50

N=20

(68.97%)

2,671.65

2,671.50

N=252

(61.76%)

2,962.55

2,613.00

N=233

(64.19%)

3,025.10

2,635.00

N=112

(58.33%)

2,253.40***

2,080.50

Quarter 3, 1997

Percent with Earnings

Average of Earnings among those with Earnings

Mean

Median

N=259

(57.94%)

2,505.15

2,286.00

N=270

(56.37%)

2,805.73

2,781.50

N=930

(54.87%)

2,546.48

2,386.00

N=86

(66.67%)

3,222.30

2,987.00

N=50

(49.50%)**

2,480.74

2,083.00

N=25

(65.79%)

2,089.24

1,344.00

N=55

(57.89%)

2,872.62

2,980.00

N=65

(66.33%)

2,712.54

2,784.00

N=22

(75.86%)

2,529.05

2,553.50

N=251

(61.52%)

3,166.42

2,828.00

N=237

(65.29%)

2,972.32

2,381.00

N=137

(71.35%)

2,196.07***

1,792.00

Note: Mean and median earnings are for those working during the quarter.

^Excluded are 9 cases without information that can be matched with the earnings data.

*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001.

APPENDIX TABLE 2-1

AFDC Use among SSF Cases Receiving AFDC Each Quarter

	Research Counties						Non-Research Counties		Non-Research Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control		Experimental		Non-EX
Total (N) = 34,487	1,560		1,413		1,544		29,970		17,976
Cases Entering in Quarter 1, 1996 (N=1,486)	N = 42		N = 26		N = 59		N = 1,359		N = 679
% Exited & did Not Return* (cumulative)		80.96		84.62		61.02*		69.46		82.03
% cases exited during Quarter 2, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 3, 1997	2.38 19.05 19.05 11.90 14.29 14.29		15.38* 23.08 19.23 11.54 11.54 3.85		8.47 16.95 18.64 8.47 3.39 5.08		11.92 17.51 14.72 7.14 8.98 9.20		15.32 23.56 13.84 9.72 9.72 9.87
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total		11.90 7.14 100.00		11.54 3.85 100.01		15.25 23.73* 100.00		13.17 17.37 100.00		6.92 11.05 100.00
Cases Entering in Quarter 2, 1996 (N=4,101)	N = 123		N = 77		N = 170		N = 3,731		N = 1,890
% Exited & did Not Return* (cumulative)		82.93		77.92		72.94		71.62		80.53
% cases exited during Quarter 2, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 3, 1997	0.00 32.52 21.95 8.13 6.50 13.82		1.30 18.18* 25.97 12.99 9.09 10.39		0.59 16.47 25.29 12.94 7.65 10.00		1.42 18.39 18.73 11.93 9.92 11.23		1.90 21.01 21.90 12.54 11.64 11.53
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total		10.57 6.50 100.00		9.09 12.99 100.00		18.24 8.82 100.00		13.29 15.09 100.00		10.74 8.73 100.00
Cases Entering in Quarter 3, 1996 (N=3,982)	N = 129		N = 93		N = 122		N = 3,638		N = 1,879
% Exited & did Not Return* (cumulative)		77.52		72.04		63.94		67.10		77.91
% cases exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 3, 1997	2.33 20.16 24.03 18.60 12.40		0.00 19.35 18.28 19.35 15.05		1.64 22.13 17.21 10.66 12.30		1.21 19.13 19.96 14.65 12.15		1.92 23.10 21.87 17.19 13.84
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total		8.53 13.95 100.00		13.98 13.98 100.00		13.11 22.95 100.00		11.93 20.97 100.00		9.42 12.67 100.00

Cases Entering in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=3,109)	N = 97		N = 85		N = 98		N = 2,829		N = 1,538
% Exited & did Not Return* (cumulative)		68.04		62.35		60.20		62.39		72.76
% cases exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % cases exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 3, 1997	0.00 16.49 32.99 18.56		2.35 22.35 22.35 15.29		1.02 18.37 19.39 21.43		1.45 16.86 25.13 18.95		1.76 19.77 30.62 20.61
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total		7.22 24.74 100.00		14.12 23.53 100.00		12.24 27.55 99.99		10.78 26.83 100.00		9.95 17.30 100.01
Cases Entering in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=2,423)	N = 92		N = 70		N = 83		N = 2,178		N = 1,214
% Exited & did Not Return* (cumulative)		57.61		48.57		53.01		49.13		58.98
% cases exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 3, 1997	3.26 27.17 27.17		1.43 18.57 28.57		0.00 27.71 25.30		1.01 21.49 26.63		1.57 26.28 31.14
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total		16.30 26.09 100.00		14.29 37.14 100.00		15.66 31.33 100.00		15.24 35.63 100.00		15.82 25.21 100.01
Cases Entering in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=1,294)	N = 58		N = 33		N = 64		N = 1,139		N = 586
% Exited & did Not Return* (cumulative)		41.38		24.24		26.56		29.41		34.13
% cases exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % cases exited during Quarter 3, 1997	3.45 37.93		0.00 24.24		6.25 20.31		3.78 25.64		4.61 29.52
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total		17.24 41.38 100.00		18.18 57.58 100.00		12.50 60.94 100.00		14.49 56.10 100.00		19.62 46.25 100.00
Cases Entering in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=343)	N = 14		N = 7		N = 19		N = 303		N = 121
% Exited & did Not Return* (cumulative)		0.00		14.29		10.53		3.30		6.61
% cases exited during Quarter 3, 1997	0.00		14.29		10.53		3.30		6.61
% Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total		7.14 92.86 100.00		0.00 85.71 100.00		5.26 84.21 100.00		11.22 85.48 100.00		17.36 76.03 100.00
Cases Never Entering during 3/31/96-9/30/97 (N=17,749)	N = 1,005 (64.42%)		N = 1,022 (72.33%)***		N = 929 (60.17%)***		N = 14,793 (49.36%)		N = 10,069 (56.01%)

Note: "Exited" is defined as two consecutive months with no AFDC benefits and did not return during period of observation through September, 1997. Total percent may not be 100 due to rounding error.

*P< .05 **P<.01 ***P<.001

APPENDIX TABLE 2-2

AFDC Use among SSF Cases Receiving AFDC Each Quarter: Research Counties

	Dane County (N=2,941)						Dodge County (N=330)						Jefferson County (N=607)						Waukesha County (N=615)
	CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX		CL		EX		Non-EX
Total (N) = 4,493	802		748		1,391		156		134		40		305		259		43		294		251		70
Cases Entering in Quarter 1, 1996 (N=126)	N=11		N=9		N=59		N=9		N=1		N=0		N=6		N=5		N=0		N=16		N=10		N=0
% Exited & did Not Return*		63.64		66.67		61.02		100.00		100.00		N/A		66.67		80.00		N/A		87.50		100.00		N/A
% exited during Quarter 2, 1996 % exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997 % Exited & Returned by he end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total	0.00 0.00 36.36 9.09 0.00 18.18	18.18 18.18 100.00	11.11 22.22 11.11 0.00 22.22 0.00	22.22 11.11 100.00	8.47 16.95 18.64 8.47 3.39* 5.08	15.25 23.73 100.00	0.00 44.44 33.33 0.00 22.22 0.00	0.00 0.00 100.00	100.00** N/A	0.00 0.00 100.00	N/A	N/A	0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.67	16.67 16.67 100.01	0.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 0.00	20.00 0.00 100.00	N/A	N/A	6.25 6.25 6.25 25.00 25.00 18.75	12.50 0.00 100.00	20.00 30.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 10.00	0.00 0.00 100.00	N/A	N/A
Cases Entering in Quarter 2, 1996 (N=368)	N=42		N=27		N=153		N=21		N=19		N=4		N=20		N=8		N=0		N=39		N=22		N=13
% Exited & did Not Return*		76.19		59.26		71.24		76.19		94.74		75.00		90.00		75.00		N/A		89.74		86.36		92.31
% exited during Quarter 2, 1996 % exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997 % Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total	0.00 16.67 26.19 9.52 7.14 16.67	16.67 7.14 100.00	0.00 18.52 22.22 7.41 3.70 7.41	11.11 29.63* 100.00	0.65 15.69 25.49 12.42 7.19 9.80	19.61 9.15** 100.00	0.00 47.62 4.76 4.76 9.52 9.52	9.52 14.29 100.00	5.26 15.79* 42.11** 15.79 5.26 10.53	5.26 0.00 100.00	0.00 25.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 25.00	25.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 55.00 20.00 5.00 5.00 5.00	10.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 25.00 25.00 0.00 12.50 12.50	12.50 12.50 100.00	N/A	N/A	0.00 30.77 28.21 10.26 5.13 15.38	5.13 5.13 100.00	0.00 13.64 18.18 22.73 18.18 13.64	9.09 4.55 100.00	0.00 23.08 30.77 15.38 15.38 7.69	0.00 7.69 100.00
Cases Entering in Quarter 3, 1996 (N=340)	N=65		N=55		N=112		N=19		N=5		N=3		N=7		N=5		N=0		N=38		N=24		N=7
% Exited & did Not Return*		64.62		72.73		65.18		94.74		60.00*		66.67		100.00		60.00		N/A		86.84		75.00		42.86
% exited during Quarter 3, 1996 % exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997 % Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total	0.00 18.46 24.62 15.38 6.15	13.85 21.54 100.01	0.00 21.82 14.55 18.18 18.18*	12.73 14.55 100.01	1.79 22.32 16.96 10.71 13.39	12.50 22.32 100.00	10.53 36.84 31.58 5.26 10.53	0.00 5.26 100.00	0.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 0.00	20.00* 20.00 100.00	0.00 66.67* 0.00 0.00 0.00	0.00 33.33 100.00	0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 57.14	0.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00	20.00 20.00 100.00	N/A	N/A	2.63 15.79 21.05 31.58 15.79	5.26 7.89 99.99	0.00 20.83 25.00 20.83 8.33	12.50 12.50 100.00	0.00 0.00 28.57 14.29 0.00	28.57 28.57 100.00

Cases Entering in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=277)	N=46		N=47		N=85		N=13		N=15		N=6		N=8		N=1		N=2		N=29		N=20		N=5
% Exited & did Not Return*		60.87		51.06		58.82		76.92		80.00		83.33		62.50		100.00		100.00		75.86		80.00		40.00
% exited during Quarter 4, 1996 % exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997 % Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total	0.00 17.39 26.09 17.39	8.70 30.43 100.00	0.00 21.28 17.02 12.77	23.40 25.53 99.99	1.18 16.47 16.47 24.71	11.76 29.41 99.99	0.00 15.38 46.15 15.38	7.69 15.38 99.99	6.67 26.67 20.00 26.67	6.67 13.33 100.00	0.00 50.00 33.33 0.00	0.00 16.67 100.00	0.00 12.50 25.00 25.00	12.50 25.00 100.00	0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 0.00 100.00 N/A	0.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 17.24 37.93 20.69	3.45 20.69 100.00	5.00 25.00 40.00 10.00	0.00 20.00 100.00	0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00	40.00** 20.00 100.00
Cases Entering in Quarter 1, 1997(N=240)	N=52		N=38		N=76		N=13		N=8		N=2		N=6		N=4		N=1		N=21		N=15		N=4
% Exited & did Not Return*		55.77		47.37		53.95		53.85		37.50		50.00		66.67		75.00		0.00		61.90		46.67		50.00
% exited during Quarter 1, 1997 % exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997 % Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total	0.00 28.85 26.92	17.31 26.92 100.00	0.00 21.05 26.32	13.16 39.47 100.00	0.00 27.63 26.32	15.79 30.26 100.00	7.69 15.38 30.77	7.69 38.46 100.00	0.00 12.50 25.00	12.50 50.00 100.00	0.00 50.00 0.00	50.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 50.00 16.67	33.33 0.00 100.00	25.00 0.00 50.00	25.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 0.00 0.00	0.00 100.00* 100.00	9.52 23.81 28.57	14.29 23.81 100.00	0.00 6.67 40.00	20.00 33.33 100.00	0.00 25.00 25.00	0.00 50.00 100.00
Cases Entering in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=154)	N=38		N=21		N=53		N=8		N=4		N=4		N=3		N=0		N=1		N=9		N=7		N=6
% Exited & did Not Return*		34.21		23.81		26.42		62.50		0.00*		0.00		33.33		N/A		100.00		55.56		42.86		33.33
% exited during Quarter 2, 1997 % exited during Quarter 3, 1997 % Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total	2.63 31.58	15.79 50.00 100.00	0.00 23.81	4.76 71.43 100.00	5.66 20.75	11.32 62.26 100.00	12.50 50.00	12.50 25.00 100.00	0.00 0.00	50.00 50.00 100.00	0.00 0.00	50.00 50.00 100.00	0.00 33.33	33.33 33.33 99.99	N/A	N/A	0.00 100.00	0.00 0.00 100.00	0.00 55.56	22.22 22.22 100.00	0.00 42.86	28.57 28.57 100.00	16.67 16.67	0.00 66.67 100.00
Cases Entering in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=40)	N=12		N=6		N=19		N=1		N=0		N=0		N=0		N=0		N=0		N=1		N=1		N=0
% Exited & did Not Return*		0.00		16.67		10.53		0.00		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		0.00		0.00		N/A
% exited during Quarter 3, 1997 % Exited & Returned by the end of Quarter 3, 1997 % Never Exited Total	0.00	8.33 91.67 100.00	16.67	0.00 83.33 100.00	10.53	5.26 84.21 100.00	0.00	0.00 100.00 100.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.00	0.00 100.00 100.00	0.00	0.00 100.00 100.00	N/A	N/A
Cases Never Entering during 3/31/96-9/30/97 (N=2,948)	N=536 (66.83%)		N=545 (77.86%)**		N=834 (59.96%)***		N=72 (46.15%)		N=82 (61.19%)*		N=21 (52.50%)		N=255 (83.61%)		N=236 (91.12%)**		N=39 (90.70%)		N=141 (47.96%)		N=152 (60.56%)**		N=35 (50.00%)

Note: "Exited" is defined as two consecutive months with no AFDC benefits and did not return during period of observation through September, 1997. Excluded from this analysis are 24 cases (3 Control and 21 Experimental) residing in nonresearch counties. These 24 cases were included in the appendix table 2 based on their group assignment. Total percent may not be 100 due to rounding error.

*P<.05 **P<.01 ***P<.001.

APPENDIX TABLE 2-3

Number of Cases with Earnings among SSF Cohorts, by Quarter

	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimetnal
Total (N) = 33,423	1,484	1,330	1,510	29,099	17,596
Cases Entering in Quarter 1, 1996 (N=1,469)	N = 42	N = 26	N = 59	N = 1,342	N = 672
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 1, 1996 (N=749, 50.99%)	17 (40.48%)	8 (30.77%)	27 (45.76%)	697 (51.94%)	343 (51.04%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1996 (N=715, 48.67%)	21 (50.00%)	14 (53.85%)	27 (45.76%)	653 (48.66%)	323 (48.07%)
Number of Cases with Earnings in Quarter 3, 1996 (N=753, 51.26%)	23 (54.76%)	17 (65.38%)	25 (42.37%)	688 (51.27%)	347 (51.64%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=821, 55.89%)	23 (54.76%)	16 (61.54%)	30 (50.85%)	752 (56.04%)	372 (55.36%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=795, 54.12%)	26 (61.90%)	16 (61.54%)	31 (52.54%)	722 (53.80%)	356 (52.98%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=848, 57.73%)	27 (64.29%)	15 (57.69%)	33 (55.93%)	773 (57.60%)	381 (56.70%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=884, 60.18%)	27 (64.29%)	15 (57.69%)	34 (57.63%)	808 (60.21%)	408 (60.71%)
Cases Entering in Quarter 2, 1996 (N=4,061)	N = 123	N = 77	N = 170	N = 3,691	N = 1,881
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1996 (N=2147, 52.87%)	68 (55.28%)	43 (55.84%)	89 (52.35%)	1947 (52.75%)	972 (51.67%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1996 (N=2095, 51.59%)	75 (60.98%)	37 (48.05%)	90 (52.94%)	1893 (51.29%)	967 (51.41%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=2277, 56.07%)	82 (66.67%)	45 (58.44%)	97 (57.06%)	2053 (55.62%)	1033 (54.92%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=2175, 53.56%)	62 (50.41%)	44 (57.14%)	86 (50.59%)	1983 (53.73%)	993 (52.79%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=2303, 56.71%)	70 (56.91%)	49 (63.64%)	99 (58.24%)	2085 (56.49%)	1063 (56.51%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=2432, 59.89%)	79 (64.23%)	54 (70.13%)	109 (64.12%)	2190 (59.33%)	1134 (60.29%)
(table continues)

APPENDIX TABLE 2-3, continued
	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimetnal
Cases Entering in Quarter 3, 1996 (N=3,941)	N = 128	N = 92	N = 122	N = 3,599	N = 1,871
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1996 (N=1992, 50.55%)	55 (42.97%)	41 (44.57%)	62 (50.82%)	1834 (50.96%)	961 (51.36%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=2054, 52.12%)	67 (52.34%)	45 (48.91%)	64 (52.46%)	1878 (52.18%)	958 (51.20%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=2014, 51.10%)	70 (54.69%)	51 (55.43%)	57 (46.72%)	1836 (51.01%)	961 (51.36%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=2188, 55.52%)	74 (57.81%)	52 (56.52%)	66 (54.10%)	1996 (55.46%)	1064 (56.87%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=2354, 59.73%)	83 (64.84%)	50 (54.35%)	69 (56.56%)	2152 (59.79%)	1151 (61.52%)
Cases Entering in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=3,052)	N = 96	N = 84	N = 98	N = 2,774	N = 1,525
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=1555, 50.95%)	47 (48.96%)	51 (60.71%)	39 (39.80%)**	1418 (51.12%)	788 (51.67%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=1385, 45.38%)	40 (41.67%)	40 (47.62%)	42 (42.86%)	1263 (45.53%)	700 (45.90%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=1614, 52.88%)	52 (54.17%)	44 (52.38%)	48 (48.98%)	1470 (52.99%)	830 (54.43%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=1774, 58.33%)	61 (63.54%)	56 (66.67%)	55 (56.12%)	1602 (57.75%)	922 (60.46%)
Cases Entering in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=2,387)	N = 90	N = 68	N = 83	N = 2,146	N = 1,210
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=1167, 48.89%)	46 (51.11%)	32 (47.06%)	40 (48.19%)	1049 (48.88%)	593 (49.01%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=1226, 51.36%)	58 (64.44%)	28 (41.18%)**	37 (44.58%)	1103 (51.40%)	647 (53.47%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=1459, 61.12%)	66 (73.33%)	36 (52.94%)**	49 (59.04%)	1308 (60.95%)	762 (62.98%)
Cases Entering in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=1,286)	N = 58	N = 33	N = 64	N = 1,131	N = 583
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=680, 52.88%)	29 (50.00%)	14 (42.42%)	34 (53.13%)	603 (53.32%)	324 (55.57%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=746, 58.01%)	33 (56.90%)	18 (54.55%)	39 (60.94%)	656 (58.00%)	358 (61.41%)
(table continues)

APPENDIX TABLE 2-3, continued
	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimetnal
Cases Entering in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=342)	N = 14	N = 7	N = 19	N = 302	N = 121
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=200, 58.48%)	10 (71.43%)	2 (28.57%)	13 (68.42%)	175 (57.95%)	71 (58.68%)
Cases Never Entering during 3/31/96-9/30/97 (N=16,885)	N = 933	N = 943	N = 895	N = 14,114	N = 9,733
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 1, 1996 (N=9424, 55.81%)	488 (52.30%)	480 (50.90%)	608 (67.93%)***	7848 (55.60%)	5286 (54.31%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1996 (N=9890, 58.57%)	514 (55.09%)	496 (52.60%)	639 (71.40%)***	8241 (58.39%)	5604 (57.58%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1996 (N=10294, 60.97%)	561 (60.13%)	537 (56.95%)	662 (73.97%)***	8534 (60.46%)	5786 (59.45%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=10271, 60.83%)	554 (59.38%)	548 (58.11%)	646 (72.18%)***	8523 (60.39%)	5727 (58.84%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=9812, 58.11%)	511 (54.77%)	524 (55.57%)	620 (69.27%)***	8157 (57.79%)	5426 (55.75%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=10160, 60.17%)	542 (58.09%)	544 (57.69%)	635 (70.95%)***	8439 (59.79%)	5681 (58.37%)
Number of cases with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=10216, 60.50%)	539 (57.77%)	538 (57.05%)	637 (71.17%)***	8502 (60.24%)	5726 (58.83%)

Note: Excluded are 1,064 cases without information that can be matched with the earnings data.

*P< .05 **P<.01 ***P<.001.

APPENDIX TABLE 2-4

Mean Quarterly Earnings among SSF Cohorts

	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimental
Total (N) = 33,423	1,484	1,330	1,510	29,099	17,596
Cases Entering in Quarter 1, 1996 (N=1,469)	N = 42	N = 26	N = 59	N = 1,342	N = 672
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 1, 1996	$2521.94	$898.00**	$1331.04	$1671.86	$1372.40
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 2, 1996	1800.10	1246.93	1247.26	1707.88	1553.84
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1996	2521.48	1749.71	2106.64	1993.35	1888.04
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996	2763.83	1817.94	2509.80	2367.03	2193.48
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997	2537.81	1585.56	2242.13	2269.76	2072.92
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997	2550.22	1502.07	2247.24	2389.12	2203.60
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997	2859.96	1632.80*	2833.74*	2449.11	2293.41
Cases Entering in Quarter 2, 1996 (N=4,061)	N = 123	N = 77	N = 170	N = 3,691	N = 1,881
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 2, 1996	1506.84	1250.26	1133.08	1512.09	1297.62
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1996	2551.31	2143.46	1745.31	1924.39	1775.41
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996	2364.13	2495.24	2073.34	2263.03	2069.35
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997	2933.53	2337.16	2107.14	2259.46	2087.49
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997	2926.56	2601.67	2112.21	2438.10	2238.74
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997	3013.99	2624.02	2466.30	2481.80	2301.73
(table continues)

APPENDIX TABLE 2-4, continued
	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimental
Cases Entering in Quarter 3, 1996 (N=3,941)	N = 128	N = 92	N = 122	N = 3,599	N = 1,871
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1996	1463.84	2549.17*	1338.44**	1432.60	1283.66
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996	1846.54	2580.91	1660.30*	2056.64	1834.19
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997	2053.60	2922.51*	2070.26*	2183.76	1974.42
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997	2551.15	3201.12	2198.83*	2375.70	2171.20
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997	2562.36	3550.60*	2319.81**	2389.07	2321.48
Cases Entering in Quarter 4, 1996 (N=3,052)	N = 96	N = 84	N = 98	N = 2,774	N = 1,525
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 4, 1996	1200.00	1598.22	1456.05	1626.90	1512.22
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997	1896.10	2499.08	1338.43*	1964.19	1892.35
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997	2240.33	2801.48	1779.88**	2268.00	2188.42
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997	2458.97	3116.63	2074.60*	2444.85	2341.84
Cases Entering in Quarter 1, 1997 (N=2,387)	N = 90	N = 68	N = 83	N = 2,146	N = 1,210
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 1, 1997	1166.33	2336.00	1601.38	1575.72	1408.92
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997	1804.91	3493.07*	2477.70	2030.68	1863.54
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997	2073.96	3081.42	2156.76	2273.59	2166.77
(table continues)

APPENDIX TABLE 2-4, continued
	Research Counties			Nonresearch Counties	Nonresearch Counties Except Milwaukee
	Control	Experimental	Nonexperimental
Cases Entering in Quarter 2, 1997 (N=1,286)	N = 58	N = 33	N = 64	N = 1,131	N = 583
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 2, 1997	1005.93	740.86	1037.62	1387.76	1161.78
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997	2157.76	1634.28	1532.33	1868.32	1714.87
Cases Entering in Quarter 3, 1997 (N=342)	N = 14	N = 7	N = 19	N = 302	N = 121
Mean quarterly earnings among those with earnings in Quarter 3, 1997	1047.30	747.50	1462.15	1387.35	978.80

Note: Excluded are 1,064 cases without information that can be matched with the earnings data.

*P< .05 **P< .01 ***P< .001