The tests for BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 can tell you if you have mutations of two genes that have been connected to the development of breast and ovarian cancer. The DNA in white blood cells is used to detect mutations in the BRCA genes.

Individuals with a strong family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer often want this test. They use the results to help them decide whether to take steps that may prevent breast or ovarian cancer from developing. Because we don’t know how effective the options for prevention are, people who are considering taking this test should seek counseling. In this way they can be sure of learning about and understanding the implications of the test result (see “Is there anything else I should know?” below).

Since there are hundreds of possible mutations of BRCA genes, test results must be interpreted by taking into account a person’s family history. A genetic counselor should explain the meaning of the results and offer advice to the individual and to other family members about options for decreasing risk. Counseling advice should be offered both before testing takes place and after receiving test results.

PLEASE NOTE: Numerically reported test results are interpreted according to the test's reference range, which may vary by the patient's age, sex, as well as the instrumentation or kit used to perform the test. A specific result within the reference (normal) range – for any test – does not ensure health just as a result outside the reference range may not indicate disease. To learn more about reference ranges, please see the article, Reference Ranges and What They Mean. To learn the reference range for your test, consult your doctor or laboratorian. Lab Tests Online recommends you consult your physician to discuss your test results as a part of a complete medical examination.

Testing for BRCA mutations is expensive. Some insurance companies will not pay for it. Others may pay but they may also use the result to change your insurance: by increasing your premium or denying coverage. Do not seek BRCA testing without first being advised of the costs and possible insurance coverage issues.

In addition, your test results can affect other family members. When one member of a family is tested for BRCA mutations, issues often arise about how or whether to share this information with other family members. Seek advice from a genetic counselor about family members’ rights regarding your testing choices.