Injury and Violence Prevention

15-1

Nonfatal head injuries

15-2

Nonfatal spinal cord injuries

15-3

Firearm-related deaths

15-4

Proper firearm storage in homes

15-5

Nonfatal firearm-related injuries

15-6

Child fatality review

15-7

Nonfatal poisonings

15-8

Deaths from poisoning

15-9

Deaths from suffocation

15-10

Emergency department surveillance systems

15-11

Hospital discharge surveillance systems

15-12

Emergency department visits

15-13

Deaths from unintentional injuries

15-14

Nonfatal unintentional injuries

15-15

Deaths from motor vehicle crashes

15-15a

Rate per 100,000 population

15-15b

Rate per 100 million vehicle miles traveled

15-16

Pedestrian deaths

15-17

Nonfatal motor vehicle injuries

15-18

Nonfatal pedestrian injuries

15-19

Safety belts

15-20

Child restraints

15-21

Motorcycle helmet use

15-22

Graduated driver licensing

15-23

Bicycle helmet use

15-24

Bicycle helmet laws

15-25

Residential fire deaths

15-26

Functioning smoke alarms in residences

15-26a

Total population

15-26b

Residences

15-27

Deaths from falls

15-28

Hip fractures

15-28a

Females aged 65 years and older

15-28b

Males aged 65 years and older

15-29

Drownings

15-30

Dog bite injuries

15-31

Injury protection in school sports

15-32

Homicides

15-33

Maltreatment and maltreatment fatalities of children

15-33a

Maltreatment

15-33b

Maltreatment fatalities

15-34

Physical assault by intimate partners

15-35

Rape or attempted rape

15-36

Sexual assault other than rape

15-37

Physical assaults

15-38

Physical fighting among adolescents

15-39

Weapon carrying by adolescents on school property

National Data Source

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

State hospital discharge systems.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.9 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

60.6 (1998).

Numerator

Number of hospitalizations for nonfatal head injuries (principal diagnosis of ICD-9-CM codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854, 870-873, 925).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Hospital Discharge Survey:

Ø       Final Diagnoses (Including E-code diagnoses):

Ø       Principal:

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Principal diagnosis is the diagnosis chiefly responsible for admission of the person to the hospital.

Data are age-adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are the weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a description of NHDS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

State hospital discharge systems.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.10 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

4.5 (1998).

Numerator

Number of hospitalizations for nonfatal spinal cord injuries (principal diagnosis of ICD-9-CM codes 806, 952).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Hospital Discharge Survey:

Ø       Final Diagnoses (Including E-code diagnoses):

Ø       Principal:

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Principal diagnosis is the diagnosis chiefly responsible for admission of the person to the hospital.

Data are age-adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are the weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a description of NHDS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

7.3 (Violent and Abusive Behavior), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

11.3 (1998).

Numerator

Number of firearm-related deaths (ICD-9 codes E922, E955.0-E955.4, E965.0-E965.4, E970, E985.0-E985.4).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age-adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are the weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.3, which adjusted the death rates using the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.

See Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

7.11 (Violent and Abusive Behavior), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Percent (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

19 (1998).

Numerator

Number of persons aged 18 years and older who report living in homes with firearms loaded and unlocked.

Denominator

Number of persons aged 18 years and older who report living in homes with firearms.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Health Interview Survey:

[NUMERATOR:]

Ø       Is at least one of the firearms kept unloaded and unlocked?

[DENOMINATOR:]

Ø       Are any firearms now kept in or around your home? Include those kept in a garage, outdoor storage area, truck or car

Expected Periodicity

Periodic.

Comments

The questions for this objective are periodically included in supplements to NHIS. BRFSS items are collected in rotating modules (approximately every 3 years).

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted percents are weighted sums of age-specific percents. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a description of NHIS and BRFSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), CPSC.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Not applicable.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population.

Baseline

24 (1997).

Numerator

Number of nonfatal firearm-related cases treated in U.S. hospital emergency department records.

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Periodic.

Comments

A firearm-related injury is defined as a penetrating injury or gunshot wound from a weapon using a powder charge to fire a projectile.

NEISS does not use ICD codes, however, reporters are given extensive training and report any gun-related injury cases in the emergency department record. Victims may also have other types of injuries, but if the incident involved a gun, it is included. Coders also attempt to capture data on intent, when appropriate information is provided in the medical record.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

Comments

An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication.

The proposed data source is the Inter-Agency Council on Child Abuse and Neglect (ICAN) National Database, FBI Uniform Crime Report, DOJ.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), NCHS, CDC.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 9.8 (Unintentional Injuries).

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

348.4 (1997).

Numerator

Number of emergency room visits for nonfatal poisonings (first-listed ICD-9-CM codes E850-E869, E950-E952, E962, E972, E980-E982).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1997–98 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey:

Ø       Cause of injury. Describe events that preceded injury (e.g., reaction to penicillin, wasp sting, driver in motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with parked vehicle, shot with a handgun during a brawl, etc.)
______________________________________________________________________________________

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data include all emergency room visits related to poisoning regardless of intent (intentional, unintentional, and undetermined).

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.8, which used data from NEISS, CPSC that were not age adjusted.

The NHAMCS uses ICD-9-CM codes assigned to the cause of injury to identify poisoning cases in emergency department records, whereas NEISS used emergency department admissions related to a specific list of regulated products that were classified as poisons. Hence, NEISS data may have undercounted poisoning admissions. Additionally, when the list of regulated products changed, some cases previously classified as poisonings may have been omitted from the reported rate of poisoning admissions.

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a description of NHAMCS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Not applicable.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

6.8 (1998).

Numerator

Number of poisoning deaths (ICD-9 codes E850-E869, E950-E952, E962, E972, E980-E982).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion on age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Not applicable.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

4.1 (1998).

Numerator

Number of suffocation deaths (ICD-9 codes E911-E913, E953, E963, E983).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion on age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

External Cause of Injury Survey, American Public Health Association.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Not applicable.

Measure

Number.

Baseline

12 (1998).

Numerator

Number of States and the District of Columbia that “routinely collect” ICD-9-CM external cause of injury codes in their statewide hospital emergency department data system.

Denominator

Not applicable.

Population Targeted

Not applicable.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 How States Are Collecting and Using Cause of Injury Data Survey:

Ø       Are ICD-9-CM E-coded data routinely collected in the statewide hospital emergency department data system?

Expected Periodicity

Periodic.

Comments

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

External Cause of Injury Survey, American Public Health Association.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Not applicable.

Measure

Number.

Baseline

23 (1998).

Numerator

Number of States and the District of Columbia that “mandate” the use of ICD-9-CM external cause of injury codes in their statewide hospital discharge data systems.

Denominator

Not applicable.

Population Targeted

Not applicable.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 How States Are Collecting and Using Cause of Injury Data Survey:

Ø       Is the collection of ICD-9-CM coded data in the statewide hospital discharge data system mandated by state law or a ruling by another body?

Expected Periodicity

Periodic.

Comments

For this objective, the term “mandate” refers to a State law or a ruling by another body (for example, the State hospital association) that requires hospitals to collect data on ICD-9-CM external cause of injury codes and report them to a statewide hospital discharge data system.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Not applicable.

Measure

Rate per 1,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

131 (1997).

Numerator

Number of emergency department visits due to injury or poisoning.

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1997-98 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey:

Ø       Is this visit related to injury or poisoning?

Ø       Cause of injury. Describe events that preceded injury (e.g., reaction to penicillin, wasp sting, driver in motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with parked vehicle, shot with a handgun during a brawl, etc.)
______________________________________________________________________________________

Ø       Patient’s complaint(s), symptoms, or other reason(s) for this visit.

1. Most important _____________________________
2. Other ____________________________________
3. Other ____________________________________

Ø       Physician’s diagnoses for this visit.

1. Primary diagnosis __________________________
2. Other ____________________________________
3. Other ____________________________________

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

An emergency department visit was considered to be related to injury if “yes” was checked in the first question above or if a cause of injury, a nature of injury diagnosis, or an injury-related reason for visit coded to first listed ICD-9-CM codes E800-E869, E880-E929, E950-E999 was reported in the response to the other questions above.

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a discussion of NHAMCS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.1 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

35.0 (1998).

Numerator

Number of deaths caused by unintentional injury (ICD-9 codes E800-E869, E880-E929).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion on age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.1, which adjusted the death rates using the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.

See Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

Comments

An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication.

This objective is adapted from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.2, which used data from the National Hospital Discharge System (NHDS), however, because of the underreporting of E-codes in NHDS, a new data source is needed.

Proposed national data sources are the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), CDC, NCHS, and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), CPSC.

See Part C for a description of NHAMCS and NEISS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

15-15.

Reduce deaths caused by motor vehicle crashes.

15-15a.  Deaths per 100,000 population.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 9.3 (Unintentional Injuries).

Leading Health Indicator

Injury and Violence.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

15.6 (1998).

Numerator

Number of unintentional injury traffic deaths (ICD-9 codes E810-E819).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion on age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.3, in that all data are age-adjusted data from NVSS. Data for objective 9.3 included both age-adjusted data from NVSS and crude rates from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). In addition, the age-adjusted rates in objective 9.3 were adjusted to the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.

This objective is one of the measures used to track the Injury and Violence Leading Health Indicator. See Appendix H for a complete list.

See Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

15-15b.  Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled (VMT).

National Data Sources

Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), DOT, NHTSA; Highway Performance Monitoring System, DOT, FHWA.

State Data Sources

Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), DOT, NHTSA; Highway Performance Monitoring System, DOT, FHWA.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.3 (Unintentional Injuries).

Measure

Rate per 100 million vehicle miles traveled (VMT).

Baseline

1.6 (1998).

Numerator

Number of motor vehicle crash deaths reported in FARS.

Denominator

Total vehicle miles traveled.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

FARS uses multiple data sources, including police reports, death certificates, and others. Race data were not collected in FARS until 1999. These data will be included in the data presentation for this objective when they become available for analysis.

The FHWA estimates total vehicle miles traveled using an algorithm that includes gas sales, vehicle registration, vehicle fuel economy data, and other data from the Highway Performance Monitoring System.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS), DOT, NHTSA.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.12 (Unintentional Injuries).

Measure

Percent.

Baseline

69 (1998).

Numerator

Number of persons observed using restraints.

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Biennial.

Comments

NOPUS uses observational data collected at intersections, highway ramps, and parking lots. Four observers (each responsible for a different seat in the vehicle) report occupant restraint use.

The data for students in grades 9 through 12 are tracked separately with the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP (see Part C for a discussion of YRBSS). The numerator for that measure is the number of students in grades 9 through 12 who report that they wore a seat belt sometimes, most of the time, or always when they were riding in a car. The denominator is the number of students in grades 9 through 12. The questions from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey follow:

Ø       How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else?

Never    Rarely    Sometimes    Most of the time    Always

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS), Controlled Intersection Study, DOT, NHTSA.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.12 (Unintentional Injuries).

Measure

Percent.

Baseline

92 (1998).

Numerator

Number of children aged 4 and under observed in safety seats or restraints.

Denominator

Number of children aged 4 years and under.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Biennial.

Comments

NOPUS uses observational data collected at intersections, highway ramps, and parking lots. Four observers (each responsible for a different seat in the vehicle) report occupant restraint use.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS), DOT, NHTSA.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.13 (Unintentional Injuries).

Measure

Percent.

Baseline

67 (1998).

Numerator

Number of motorcyclists observed wearing helmets.

Denominator

Number of motorcycle operators and passengers observed.

Population Targeted

Motorcycle operators and passengers.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Biennial.

Comments

NOPUS uses observational data collected at intersections, highway ramps, and parking lots. Four observers (each responsible for a different seat in cars, two observers for motorcycles) report occupant helmet use.

The data for students in grades 9 through 12 come from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP (see Part C for a discussion of YRBSS). The numerator for that measure is the number of students in grades 9 through 12 who report that they sometimes, most of the time, or always wore a helmet when riding a motorcycle. The denominator is the number of students in grades 9 through 12 who report that they rode a motorcycle at least once in the past 12 months. The questions from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey are:

Ø       During the past 12 months, how many times did you ride a motorcycle?

0 times
1 to 10 times
11 to 20 times
21 to 39 times
40 or more times

Ø       When you rode a motorcycle during the past 12 months, how often did you wear a helmet?

I did not ride a motorcycle during the past 12 months
Never wore a helmet
Rarely wore a helmet
Sometimes wore a helmet
Most of the time wore a helmet
Always wore a helmet

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

U.S. Licensing Systems for Young Drivers, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.26 (Unintentional Injuries).

Measure

Number.

Baseline

23 (1999).

Numerator

Number of jurisdictions with the core components.

Denominator

Not applicable.

Population Targeted

Not applicable.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Core components are noted in the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances (NCUTLO) model law and include 6 months in the learner stage and 6 months in the intermediate driving stage with night-driving restrictions. Participants are also required to have no safety belt violations and to be conviction free during the holding periods. Data are compiled by periodic review of laws for the presence of these components.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

Comments

An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication.

Proposed national data sources include CPSC, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the World Health Organization Study of Health Behavior in School Children.

This objective is modified from Healthy People objective 9.13, which used data from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Safe Kids Campaign.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.24 (Unintentional Injuries).

Measure

Number.

Baseline

10 (1999).

Numerator

Number of States and the District of Columbia with bicycle helmet laws.

Denominator

Not applicable.

Population Targeted

Not applicable.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.24, in that the laws counted apply to the entire State; objective 9.24 included some data for which only parts of States (counties) were covered.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.6 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

1.2 (1998).

Numerator

Number of unintentional fire-related injury deaths (ICD-9 codes E890-E899)

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

A small proportion of the deaths reported may have occurred in locations other than residences.

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion on age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.6, which adjusted the death rates using the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.

See to Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

15-26.

Increase functioning residential smoke alarms.

15-26a.  Total population living in residences with functioning smoke alarm on every floor.

National Data Source

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.17 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Percent (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

88 (1998).

Numerator

Number of persons aged 18 years and older who report living in residences with functional smoke alarms on each habitable floor.

Denominator

Number of persons aged 18 years and older.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Health Interview Survey:

Ø       Do you have at least one working smoke detector on each floor of your home? Include a finished basement or attic.

Expected Periodicity

Periodic.

Comments

The data for this objective are based on the response of one adult per household. The response of the adult household respondent is applied to all members of the household.

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted percents are weighted sums of age-specific percents. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

15-26b.  Residences with a functioning smoke alarm on every floor.

National Data Source

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 9.17 (Unintentional Injuries).

Measure

Percent.

Baseline

87 (1998).

Numerator

Number households with functional smoke alarms on each habitable floor of their residence.

Denominator

Number of households.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Health Interview Survey:

Ø       Do you have at least one working smoke detector on each floor of your home?  Include a finished basement or attic.

Expected Periodicity

Periodic.

Comments

The data for this objective are based on the response of one adult per household. The response of the adult household respondent is considered the response for one “household.”

This objectives differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.17, which tracked the proportion of residences with smoke detectors using data from Rodale Press and CPSC.

See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.4 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

4.7 (1998).

Numerator

Number of unintentional deaths from falls (ICD-9 codes E880-E886, E888).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion on age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.4, which adjusted the death rates using the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.

See Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

15-28.

Reduce hip fractures among older adults.

15-28a.  Females aged 65 years and older.

National Data Source

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

State hospital discharge systems.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.7 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

1,055.8 (1998).

Numerator

Number of hospitalizations for hip fractures (principal diagnosis of ICD-9-CM code 820) among females aged 65 years and older.

Denominator

Number of females aged 65 years and older.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Hospital Discharge Survey:

Ø       Final diagnoses (including E-code diagnoses):

Ø       Principal:

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Principal diagnosis is the diagnosis chiefly responsible for admission of the person to the hospital.

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.7, which measured hip fractures for the total population and did not have two separate measures for males and females. In addition, the data for this objective are age adjusted.

See Part C for a description of NHDS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

15-28b.  Males aged 65 years and older.

National Data Source

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

State hospital discharge systems.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.7 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

592.7 (1998).

Numerator

Number of hip fractures (principal ICD-9-CM code 820) among males aged 65 years and older.

Denominator

Number of males aged 65 years and older.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Hospital Discharge Survey:

Ø       Final diagnoses (including E-code diagnoses):

Ø       Principal:

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

See Comments provided with objective 8-28a for more information.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

9.5 (Unintentional Injuries), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

1.6 (1998).

Numerator

Number of drowning deaths (ICD-9 codes E830, E832, E910).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion on age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.5, which adjusted the death rates using the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.

See Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Not applicable.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

151.4 (1997).

Numerator

Number of emergency room visits for dog bite injuries (first-listed ICD-9-CM codes E906.0).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1997–98 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey:

Ø       Cause of injury. Describe events that preceded injury (e.g., reaction to penicillin, wasp sting, driver in motor vehicle traffic accident involving collision with parked vehicle, shot with a handgun during a brawl, etc.)
______________________________________________________________________________________

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted percents are weighted sums of age-specific percents. For a discussion of age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

See Part C for a discussion of NHAMCS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

Comments

An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. The proposed national data source is the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), CDC, NCCDPHP.

The expected numerator is the number of schools that require students to wear appropriate protective gear when engaged in physical activities during physical education, intramural activities, physical activity clubs, and interscholastic sports. The expected denominator is the number of schools with intramural activities or physical activity clubs and interscholastic sports.

The expected questions to be used to obtain data from the 2000 School Health Policies and Programs Study, Physical Education Questionnaire follow:

Ø       Must students wear appropriate protective gear when engaged in physical activities during physical education?

Ø       Must students wear appropriate protective gear when engaged in intramural activities or physical activity clubs?

Ø       Must students wear appropriate protective gear when engaged in interscholastic sports?

This objective is adapted from Healthy People 2000 objective 9.19 (also 13.16), which was tracked with proxy data from the National Healthy Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

State Data Source

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC, NCHS.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

7.1 (Violent and Abusive Behavior), age adjusted to 2000 standard population.

Leading Health Indicator

Injury and Violence.

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted—see Comments).

Baseline

6.5 (1998).

Numerator

Number of deaths due to homicides (ICD-9 codes E960-E969).

Denominator

Number of persons.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

Not applicable.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates. For a discussion on age adjustment see Part A, section 5.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.1, which adjusted the death rates using the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.

This measure also differs slightly from the cause of death, homicide and legal intervention (ICD-9 E960-E978), which is shown in other publications.1, 2

This objective is one of the measures used to track the Injury and Violence Leading Health Indicator. See Appendix H for a complete list.

See Part C for a description of NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

15-33.

Reduce maltreatment and maltreatment fatalities of children.

15-33a.  Reduce maltreatment of children.

National Data Source

National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), Summary Data Component Survey, ACYF, ACF.

State Data Source

State data reports of maltreatment from State child welfare agencies.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 7.4 (Violent and Abusive Behavior).

Measure

Rate per 1,000 population.

Baseline

12.9 (1998).

Numerator

Number of children aged 18 years and under found to be victims of maltreatment by State child welfare agencies.

Denominator

Children aged 18 years and under.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1999 State Data Component Survey:

Ø       Enter the number of children by disposition who were the subject of a CPS investigation or assessment _____.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Maltreatment is defined as an act or failure to act by a parent, caretaker, other person, as defined under State law, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that presents an imminent risk of serious harm. State definitions may include additional criteria.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.4 in that it is counting children who have been abused; objective 7.4 counted “reports” of abuse.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

15-33b.  Reduce child maltreatment fatalities.

National Data Source

National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), Summary Data Component Survey, ACYF, ACF.

State Data Source

State data reports of maltreatment from State child welfare agencies.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 7.4 (Violent and Abusive Behavior).

Measure

Rate per 100,000 population.

Baseline

1.6 (1998).

Numerator

Number of reported child fatalities due to maltreatment among children aged 18 years and under.

Denominator

Children aged 18 years and under.

Population Targeted

U.S. resident population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1999 State Data Component Survey:

Ø       Enter the number of child victims who died as a result of child abuse or neglect  ____.

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Child fatality due to maltreatment is defined as the death of a child as a result of abuse or neglect, because either (a) an injury resulting from the abuse or neglect of a child was the cause of the death, or (b) abuse and/or neglect were contributing factors to the cause of death. Data on child fatalities are collected from all States; some State offices of child protective services work closely with Health Departments or the coroner’s office, whereas others rely more on their own records, including deaths reported to them by law enforcement.

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.4 in that it measures fatalities due to child maltreatment. Objective 7.4 measured reports of child maltreatment.

See Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), DOJ, BJS.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 7.5 (Violent and Abusive Behavior).

Measure

Rate per 1,000 population.

Baseline

4.4 (1998).

Numerator

Number of persons aged 12 years and older who report being threatened or assaulted by current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend.

Denominator

Number of persons aged 12 years and older.

Population Targeted

Noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Crime Victimization Survey:

Ø       Other than any incidents already mentioned, has anyone attacked or threatened you in any of these ways:

a)  With any weapon, for instance, a gun or knife
b)  With anything like a baseball bat, frying pan, scissors or stick
c)  By something thrown, such as a rock or bottle
d)  Include any grabbing, punching, or choking
e)  Any rape, attempted rape or other type of sexual attack
f)  Any face-to-face threats
OR
g)  Any attack or threat or use of force by anyone at all?  Please mention it even if you are not certain that it was a crime.

(Briefly describe incident.)

Ø       People often don’t think of incidents committed by someone they know. (Other than incidents already mentioned) did you have something stolen from you OR were you attacked or threatened by (Exclude telephone threats)…

a)  Someone at work or school
b)  A neighbor or friend
c)  A relative or family member
d)  Any other person you’ve met or known?

(Briefly describe incident.)

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.5, which included females only.

See Part C for a description of NCVS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), DOJ, BJS.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 7.7 (Violent and Abusive Behavior).

Measure

Rate per 1,000 population.

Baseline

0.8 (1998).

Numerator

Number of persons aged 12 years and older who reported being raped or a victim of an attempted rape.

Denominator

Number of persons aged 12 years and older.

Population Targeted

Noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Crime Victimization Survey:

Ø       Other than any incidents already mentioned, has anyone attacked or threatened you in any of these ways:

[Response categories include:]
Any rape, attempted rape, or other type of sexual attack?

(Briefly describe the incident.)

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.7, which included females only.

See Part C for a description of NCVS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Not applicable.

Measure

Rate per 1,000 population.

Baseline

0.6 (1998).

Numerator

Number of persons aged 12 years and older who report being threatened or physically assaulted in a sexual way other than rape.

Denominator

Number of persons aged 12 years and older.

Population Targeted

Noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Crime Victimization Survey:

Ø       Other than any incidents already mentioned, has anyone attacked or threatened you in any of these ways:

[Response categories include:]
Any rape, attempted rape, or other type of sexual attack?

(Briefly describe the incident.)

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

Sexual assaults include sexual attacks or threats other than rape or attempted rape against males and females.

See Part C for a description of NCVS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

State Data Source

Not identified.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 7.6 (Violent and Abusive Behavior).

Measure

Rate per 1,000 population.

Baseline

31.1 (1998).

Numerator

Number of persons aged 12 years and older who report being physically assaulted.

Denominator

Number of persons aged 12 years and older.

Population Targeted

Noninstitutionalized population.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1998 National Crime Victimization Survey:

Ø       Other than any incidents already mentioned, has anyone attacked or threatened you in any of these ways:

a) With any weapon, for instance, a gun or knife
b) With anything like a baseball bat, frying pan, scissors, or stick
c) By something thrown, such as a rock or bottle
d) Include any grabbing, punching, or choking
e) Any rape, attempted rape or other type of sexual attack
f) Any face-to-face threats
OR
g) Any attack or threat or use of force by anyone at all? Please mention it even if you are not certain that it was a crime.

(Briefly describe incident.)

Expected Periodicity

Annual.

Comments

This objective is modified from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.6, which tracked assault injuries. This objective tracks reports of assaults.

See Part C for a description of NCVS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.

State Data Source

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 7.9 (Violent and Abusive Behavior).

Measure

Percent.

Baseline

36 (1999).

Numerator

Number of students in grades 9 through 12 who report being in a physical fight at least 1 time during the 12 months preceding the survey.

Denominator

Students in grades 9 through 12.

Population Targeted

Students in grades 9 through 12.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System:

Ø       During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a pysical fight?

0 times                  
1 time
2 or 3 times
4 or 5 times
6 or 7 times
8 or 9 times
10 or 11 times             
12 or more times

Expected Periodicity

Biennial.

Comments

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.9 in that it measures prevalence; objective 7.9 measured incidence.

See Part C for a description of YRBSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.

National Data Source

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.

State Data Source

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.

Healthy People 2000 Objective

Adapted from 7.10 (Violent and Abusive Behavior).

Measure

Percent.

Baseline

6.9 (1999).

Numerator

Number of students in grades 9 through 12 who reportcarrying a weapon on school propertyat least 1 day in the 30 days preceding the survey.

Denominator

Students in grades 9 through 12.

Population Targeted

Students in grades 9 through 12.

Questions Used To Obtain the National Data

From the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System:

Ø       During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon, such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?

0 days                    
1 day
2 or 3 days 
4 or 5 days
6 or more days

Expected Periodicity

Biennial.

Comments

This objective differs from Healthy People 2000 objective 7.10 in that it is limited to weapon carrying on school grounds; objective 7.10 tracked weapon carrying in any location.

See Part C for a description of YRBSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.