|
26-1a. Alcohol-related
deaths.
|
|
National Data Source
|
Fatality Analysis Reporting System
(FARS), DOT, NHTSA.
|
|
State Data Sources
|
Police Accident Reports (PARs)
(account for 90 percent of the data) and State Traffic Record Systems.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.1 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs) (also 9.23).
|
|
Measure
|
Rate per 100,000 population.
|
|
Baseline
|
5.9 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of alcohol-related motor
vehicle crash deaths.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of persons.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
NHTSA defines a fatal crash as
alcohol related if either a driver or a nonmotorist has a measurable or
estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.01 g/dL or above.
|
|
|
BAC is measured as a percentage by
weight of alcohol in the blood (expressed as grams per deciliter). A positive
BAC level (0.01 g/dL and higher) indicates that alcohol was consumed by the
person tested. A BAC of 0.10 g/dL or more indicates that the person was
intoxicated.
|
|
|
Only deaths that occur within 30
days of the motor vehicle crash are included (less than 2 percent of the
total number of deaths occur after 30 days).
|
|
|
FARS data are obtained solely from
a State’s
existing documents, including police crash reports, death certificates (coded
to ICD-9 E810-E819), vehicle registration files, and hospital medical
reports.
|
|
|
A description of the FARS data set
has been published by NHTSA.1
|
|
|
See Appendix A for focus area
contact information.
|
|
26-1b. Alcohol-related
injuries.
|
|
National Data Source
|
General Estimates System (GES),
DOT, NHTSA.
|
|
State Data Sources
|
Police Accident Reports (PARs)
(account for 90 percent of the data) and State Traffic Record Systems.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Measure
|
Rate per 100,000 population.
|
|
Baseline
|
113 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of alcohol-related motor
vehicle injuries.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of persons.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
NHTSA defines a nonfatal crash as
alcohol related if police indicated on the police accident report that there
was evidence of alcohol present. The code does not necessarily mean that a
driver or occupant was tested for alcohol.
|
|
|
The national estimates produced
from GES data may differ from the true values because they are based on a
probability sample of crashes and not a census of all crashes. The size of
these differences may also vary depending on which sample of crashes is
selected.
|
|
|
A description of the GES data set
has been published by NHTSA.1
|
|
|
See Appendix A for focus area
contact information.
|
|
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Vital Statistics System
(NVSS), CDC, NCHS.
|
|
State Data Source
|
National Vital Statistics System
(NVSS), CDC, NCHS.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.2 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs), age adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
|
|
Measure
|
Rate per 100,000 population (age
adjusted—see Comments).
|
|
Baseline
|
9.5 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of deaths due to cirrhosis
(ICD-9 code 571).
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of persons.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. resident population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Data are age adjusted to the 2000
standard population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific
rates. For a discussion of age adjustment, see Part A, section 5.
|
|
|
This objective differs from
Healthy People 2000 objective 4.2, which age adjusted the death rates using
the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Vital Statistics System
(NVSS), CDC, NCHS.
|
|
State Data Source
|
National Vital Statistics System
(NVSS), CDC, NCHS.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.3 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs), age adjusted to the 2000 standard population.
|
|
Measure
|
Rate per 100,000 population (age
adjusted—see Comments).
|
|
Baseline
|
6.3 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of deaths due to
drug-induced causes (ICD-9 codes 292, 304, 305.2-305.9, E850-E858,
E950.0-E950.5, E962.0, E980.0-E980.5).
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of persons.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. resident population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Drug-induced causes of death
include not only deaths from dependent and nondependent use of drugs (legal
and illegal use), but also poisoning from medically prescribed and other
drugs. It excludes accidents, homicides, and other causes indirectly related
to drug use. An indepth description of the “drug-induced causes”
classification was published by NCHS.2
|
|
|
Data are age adjusted to the 2000
standard population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific
rates. For a discussion of age adjustment, see Part A, section 5.
|
|
|
This objective differs from
Healthy People 2000 objective 4.3, which age adjusted the death rates using
the 1940 standard population. See Appendix C for comparison data.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NVSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
v
v v
|
|
National Data Source
|
Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN),
SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Adapted from 4.4 (Substance Abuse:
Alcohol and Other Drugs).
|
|
Measure
|
Number.
|
|
Baseline
|
542,544 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of emergency department
(ED) visits by patients aged 6 to 97 years that were due to the use of
illegal drugs or the nonmedical use of legal drugs.
|
|
Denominator
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. resident population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 Drug Abuse Warning
Network- Emergency Department Report Form:
|
|
|
Ø
(Item 5): Age - Must be 06-97 yrs.
|
|
|
Ø
(Item 9): Reason for taking substance(s) - Mark ‘X’
one response.
Dependence
Suicide attempt or gesture
Psychic effects: “Recreational use” (e.g., to get high, kicks)
Other psychic effects
Unknown
Other (Specify)
|
|
|
Ø
(Item 12): Alcohol involved - Mark ‘X’ one response.
|
|
|
Ø
(Item 13): List each drug/substance separately in one
of the spaces below - Do NOT list alcohol [Four
spaces are provided].
|
|
|
Ø
(Item 16): Source of substance - For each non-alcohol
substance listed above, mark ‘X’ one response.
Patient’s
own legal Rx
Street buy
Other unauthorized procurement (e.g., stolen, gift, etc.)
Other (includes over-the-counter (OTC)
Unknown
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Nonmedical use is the use of a
drug or substance for the purpose of dependence, suicide attempt or gesture,
or psychic effect. All prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and
substances (heroin/morphine, marijuana/hashish, peyote, glue, aerosols, etc.)
are considered.
|
|
|
Alcohol is included only if it is
combined with other substances.
|
|
|
The Drug Abuse Warning Network
(DAWN) monitors drug-related hospital ED episodes in 21 metropolitan areas
and a national sample of hospitals outside the metropolitan areas. Episodes
are abstracted from medical records by hospital staff or hired clerks. DAWN
gathers data from a nationally representative sample of 508 non-Federal,
short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs. Data are weighted to produce national
estimates.
|
|
|
DAWN reflects drug use among those
who use the emergency departments but is not an indication of the overall
prevalence of drug use. Changes in the trends can occur due to changes in ED
access, drug use prevalence, severity of problems associated with the drugs used,
or access to other settings of care.
|
|
|
Information on DAWN can be
obtained from the SAMHSA Web site: http://www.samhsa.gov.
|
|
|
This objective is adapted from
Healthy People 2000 objective 4.4 which measured ED visits as a rate per
100,000 population.
|
|
|
See Appendix A for focus area
contact information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
National Data Source
|
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance
System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance
System (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
33 (1999).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of students in grades 9
through 12 who reported riding, at least once during the 30 days preceding
the survey, with a driver who had been drinking alcohol.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of students in grades 9
through 12.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
Students in grades 9 through 12.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System:
|
|
|
Ø
During the past 30 days, how many times did you ride
in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol?
zero
times
1 time
2 or 3 times
4 or 5 times
6 or more times
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Biennial.
|
|
Comments
|
See Part C for a description of
YRBSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-9a. Alcohol.
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.5 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs (also 3.19).
|
|
Measure
|
Mean.
|
|
Baseline
|
13.1 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Sum of reported ages at first use
of alcohol by adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse:
|
|
|
Ø How
old were you the first time you had a drink of any alcoholic beverage? Do not
include sips from another person’s drink. If you can’t remember exactly how
old you were, make your best guess of (the) one specific age.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Baseline data are collected from
respondents who complete anonymous, confidential answer sheets. Since 1999,
the respondents have provided answers on laptop computers rather than using
paper and pencil answer sheets. This change in methodology may result in some
differences in response rates, which will be analyzed and adjusted.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NHSDA and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-9c. Alcoholic
beverages.
|
|
National Data Source
|
Monitoring the Future Study (MTF),
NIH, NIDA (see Comments).
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
19 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of 12th grade students who
report never using alcohol.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of 12th grade students.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
Students in public and private
schools in the coterminous United States.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 Monitoring the
Future Study:
|
|
|
Ø
On how many occasions (if any) have you had alcohol
to drink - more than just a few sips... ...
in
your lifetime? ...
during the last 12 months? ...
during the last 30 days?
[Mark one circle for each line. Response categories
include:]
0
occasions
1-2 occasions
3-5 occasions
6-9 occasions
10-19 occasions
20-39 occasions
40 or more
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Students are considered to have
never used alcohol if they respond they drank alcohol on 0 occasions in their
lifetime. Data are based on students in attendance on the day of the survey
administration.
|
|
|
Once data from the expanded NHSDA
are available in the year 2001, the data source for this objective will be
reexamined.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
MTF and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-9d. Illicit
drugs.
|
|
National Data Source
|
Monitoring the Future Study (MTF),
NIH, NIDA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
46 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of 12th grade students who
report never using illicit drugs.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of 12th grade students
|
|
Population Targeted
|
Students in public and private
schools in the coterminous United States.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 Monitoring the
Future Study:
|
|
|
Ø
On how many occasions (if any) have you used
marijuana (weed, pot) or hashish?
|
|
|
Ø
On how many occasions (if any) have you used LSD
(“acid”)?
|
|
|
Ø
On how many occasions (if any) have you used
psychedelics other than LSD (like mescaline, peyote, psilocybin, PCP)?
|
|
|
Ø
On how many occasions (if any) have you taken
amphetamines on your own—that is, without a doctor telling you to take them?
|
|
|
Ø
On how many occasions (if any) have you used cocaine
(sometimes called “coke,” “crack,” “rock”)?
|
|
|
Ø
On how many occasions (if any) have you used heroin?
|
|
|
Ø
On how many occasions (if any) have you taken
narcotics other than heroin on your own—that is, without a doctor telling you to take them?
|
|
|
Ø On
how many occasions (if any) have you taken tranquilizers on your own—that is, without a doctor telling
you to take them?
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Use of any illicit drug includes any
use of marijuana, LSD, other hallucinogens, crack, other forms of cocaine, or
heroin or any use of other opiates, stimulants, barbiturates, or
tranquilizers not under a doctor’s orders.
|
|
|
See Comments provided with
objective 26-9c for more information.
|
|
26-10a. Increase
the proportion of adolescents not using alcohol or any illicit drugs during
the past 30 days.
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Leading Health Indicator
|
Substance Abuse.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.5 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs) (also 3.19).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
79 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years who reported not using any alcohol or illicit drugs during the past
30 days.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse:
|
|
|
Ø
Think about the last time you drank any type of
alcoholic beverage. How long has it been since you last drank an alcoholic
beverage?
If you
last drank an alcoholic beverage within the past 30 days, mark the first box.
If it has been more than 30 days ago but within the past 12 months that you
last drank an alcoholic beverage, mark the second box.
If it was more than 12 months ago but within the past 3 years, mark the third
box.
If it has been more than 3 years since you last drank an alcoholic beverage,
mark the fourth box.
If you have never drunk an alcoholic beverage in you life, mark the last box.
|
|
|
[The following question is
asked separately for each illicit drug: marijuana or hashish, cocaine,
“crack,” heroin, hallucinogens, and inhalants:]
Ø
How long has
it been since you last used [marijuana or hashish]?
If
your answer is within the past 30 days, mark the first box.
If your answer is more than 30 days ago but within the past 12 months, mark
the second box.
If your answer is more than 12 months ago but within the past 3 years, mark the
third box.
If your answer is more than 3 years ago, mark the next-to-last box.
If you have never used [marijuana/hashish] in your life, mark the last box.
|
|
|
[The following questions are
asked separately for non-medical use of the following: analgesics (prescription
pain killers), tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives:]
Ø
As you read
the following list of [analgesics (prescription pain killers)/tranquilizers/
stimulants/sedatives], please mark one box beside each [analgesic
(prescription pain killer)/tranquilizer/stimulant/sedative] to indicate
whether you have ever used that [analgesic (prescription pain
killer)/tranquilizer/
stimulant/sedative] when it was not prescribed for you, or that you took only
for the experience or feeling it caused. Again, we are interested in all
kinds of [analgesics (prescription pain killers)/
tranquilizers/stimulants/sedatives], in pill or non-pill form.
[This question is followed by a list of common
drugs specific to each of the following categories: analgesics (prescription
pain killers), tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives.]
|
|
|
Ø
Have you ever used a [analgesic (prescription pain
killer)/tranquilizer/stimulant/sedative] whose name you don’t know that was
not prescribed for you, or that you took only for the experience or feeling
it caused? If “YES,” mark the first box, if “NO,” mark the second box.
|
|
|
Ø
Have you ever used an other [analgesic
(prescription pain killer)/tranquilizer/stimulant/sedative] besides the ones
listed above, that was not prescribed for you, or that you took only for the
experience or feeling it caused?
PLEASE PRINT NAME(S) OF OTHER [ANALGESICS (PRESCRIPTION PAIN
KILLERS)/TRANQUILIZERS/STIMULANTS/
SEDATIVES] BELOW. If “YES,” mark the first box, if “NO,” mark the second box.
|
|
|
[If the respondent reported use of any [analgesic
(prescription pain killer)/tranquilizer/stimulant/
sedative] they are asked:]
o
How long has
it been since you last used [an analgesic (prescription pain killer)/
tranquilizer/stimulant/sedative] that was not prescribed for you, or that you
took only for the experience or feeling it caused?
If your answer is
within the past 30 days, mark the first box.
If your answer is more than 30 days ago but within the past 12 months, mark
the second box.
If your answer is more than 12 months ago but within the past 3 years, mark
the third box.
If your answer is more than 3 years ago, mark the next-to-last box.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Alcohol or illicit drug use by
adolescents aged 12 to 17 years is defined as using at least one of the
following substances in the past month: alcohol, marijuana or hashish,
cocaine (including “crack”), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD),
heroin, or any nonmedical use of analgesics, tranquilizers, stimulants, or
sedatives.
|
|
|
The answers for each of the
substances are examined for each respondent. Persons are considered to have
not used alcohol or illicit drugs if they report no use in the past 30 days
of any one of the substances.
|
|
|
This objective is one of the
measures used to track the Substance Abuse Leading Health Indicator. See
Appendix H for a complete listing.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NHSDA and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-10c. Reduce
the proportion of adults using any illicit drug during the past 30 days.
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Leading Health Indicator
|
Substance Abuse.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.5 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs) (also 3.19).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
5.8 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of adults aged 18 years and
older who report use of any illicit drugs during the past 30 days.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adults aged 18 years and
older.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
See Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data provided with objective 26-10a.
|
|
Comments
|
Illicit drug use is defined as
using at least one of the following substances in the past month:
marijuana or hashish, cocaine (including “crack”), inhalants, hallucinogens (including
PCP and LSD), heroin, or any nonmedical use of analgesics, tranquilizers,
stimulants, or sedatives.
|
|
|
Respondents are considered to have used illicit drugs if they report
use in the past 30 days of any of the listed substances.
|
|
|
This objective is one of the
measures used to track the Substance Abuse Leading Health Indicator. See
Appendix H for a complete listing.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NHSDA and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-11a. High
school seniors.
|
|
National Data Source
|
Monitoring the Future Study (MTF),
NIH, NIDA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.7 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
32 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of 12th grade students who
report drinking five or more alcoholic beverages in a row during the 2 weeks
prior to the survey.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of 12th grade students.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
Students in public and private
schools in the coterminous United States.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 Monitoring the
Future Study:
|
|
|
Ø
Think back over the LAST TWO WEEKS. How many times
have you had five or more drinks in a row? (A “drink” is a glass of wine, a
bottle of beer, a wine cooler, a shot glass of liquor, or a mixed drink).
None
Once
Twice
Three to five times
Six to nine times
Ten or more times
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Data are based on students in attendance
on the day of the survey administration.
|
|
|
This objective uses the same
measurement protocol as the comparable Healthy People 2000 objective (4.7).
The only difference is that “five or more drinks” was called “heavy drinking”
and is now considered “binge drinking.”
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
MTF and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
v v v
26-11b. College
students.
|
|
National Data Source
|
Monitoring the Future Study (MTF),
NIH, NIDA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.7 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
39 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of college students who
report drinking five or more alcoholic beverages in a row during the 2 weeks
prior to the survey.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of college students.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
Students in public and private
colleges and universities in the coterminous United States.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 Monitoring the
Future Study:
|
|
|
Ø
Think back over the LAST TWO WEEKS. How many times
have you had five or more drinks in a row? (A “drink” is a glass of wine, a
bottle of beer, a wine cooler, a shot glass of liquor, or a mixed drink).
None
Once
Twice
Three to five times
Six to nine times
Ten or more times
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
See Comments provided with
objective 26-11a for more information.
|
|
26-11c. Adults
aged 18 years and older.
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Leading Health Indicator
|
Substance Abuse.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Adapted from 4.7 (Substance Abuse:
Alcohol and Other Drugs).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
16.6 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of adults aged 18 years and
older who report having five or more drinks at the same time or within a
couple of hours of each other during the 30 days prior to the survey.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adults aged 18 years and
older.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse:
|
|
|
Ø
During the past 30 days, on how many days did you
have 5 or more drinks on the same occasion? By “occasion,” we mean at the
same time or within a couple of hours of each other.
On the
solid line, write the number of days in the past 30 days when you drank 5 or
more drinks of an alcoholic beverage on the same occasion.
If you never had 5 or more drinks on the same occasion on any day when you
drank during the past 30 days, mark the first box.
If you have drunk alcoholic beverages, but not during the past 30 days, mark
the second box.
If you have never drunk an alcoholic beverage in your life, mark the last
box.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Binge drinking is defined as
drinking five or more alcoholic beverages at the same time or within a couple
hours of each other during the past 30 days.
|
|
|
For the 1998 baseline, there are
two ways of handling missing values to calculate binge drinking rates: (1)
eliminating persons who drink but have missing values on this item from the
calculation of binge drinkers and, (2) counting persons who drink but have
missing values on this item as a person who does NOT binge. In the future,
missing values for drinkers will be imputed.
|
|
|
This objective differs from
Healthy People 2000 objective 4.7 in four ways: (1) the tracking of adults
aged 18 years and older is new to Healthy People 2010, (2) “five or more
drinks” was called “heavy drinking” and is now considered “binge drinking,”
(3) this measure is tracked by the NHSDA, rather than the MFT survey, and (4)
the time frame is 30 days rather than 2 weeks.
|
|
|
This objective is one of the
measures used to track the Substance Abuse Leading Health Indicator. See
Appendix H for a complete listing.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NHSDA and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-11d. Adolescents
aged 12 to 17 years.
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Adapted from 4.7 (Substance Abuse:
Alcohol and Other Drugs).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
7.7 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years who report having five or more drinks at the same time or within a couple
of hours of each other during the 30 days prior to the survey.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
See Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data provided with objective 26-11c.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
This objective differs from
Healthy People 2000 objective 4.7 in four ways: (1) the tracking of
adolescents aged 12 to 17 years is new to Healthy People 2010, (2) “five or
more drinks” was called “heavy drinking” and is now considered “binge
drinking,” (3) this measure is tracked by the NHSDA, rather than the MTF
survey, and (4) the time frame is 30 days rather than 2 weeks.
|
|
|
See Comments provided with objective
26-11c for more information.
|
|
|
|
National Data Source
|
Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System
(AEDS), NIH, NIAAA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.8 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs).
|
|
Measure
|
Rate per person.
|
|
Baseline
|
2.18 (1997).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of gallons of ethanol sold
in the United States.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of persons aged 14 years
and older.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. noninstitutionalized
population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
The number of gallons of ethanol
(pure alcohol) sold in the U.S. is used as a proxy for annual consumption of
alcoholic beverages.
|
|
|
AEDS received beverage sales
and/or tax receipts reports for 1997 from 19 States. For the remaining States
and the District of Columbia, shipment data from major beverage industry
sources were used for the numerator to calculate per capita consumption.
|
|
|
AEDS uses an estimate of average
ethanol content in the alcoholic beverages to convert the gallons of sold or
shipped beer, wine, and spirits into gallons of ethanol before calculating
per capita estimates.
|
|
|
A description of AEDS was
published by NIAAA.3
|
|
|
See Appendix A for focus area
contact information.
|
|
26-13a. Females.
|
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Longitudinal Alcohol
Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), NIH, NIAAA.
|
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Not applicable.
|
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
|
Baseline
|
72 (1992).
|
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of females aged 21 years
and older who reported drinking more than seven drinks per week or more than
three drinks on any day in the past 12 months.
|
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of female current drinkers
aged 21 years and older.
|
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1992 National
Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey:
|
|
|
|
Ø
Over the past 12 months, did you have at least 12
drinks of any kind of alcohol?
|
|
|
|
Ø
During the last 12 months, did you drink any beer?
|
|
|
|
[If yes:]
o
During the last 12 months, about how often did you
drink any beer?
|
|
|
|
o
Now I’d like to know the size of the can, bottle, or
glass off beer that you USUALLY drank. What was the size of the TYPICAL can,
bottle, or glass of beer that you drank during the last 12 months?
|
|
|
|
o
On the days when you drank beer in the last 12
months, about how many (cans/bottles/glasses) of beer did you USUALLY drink
in a single day?
|
|
|
|
o
During the last 12 months, what was the LARGEST
number of (cans/bottles/glasses) of beer that you drank in a single day?
|
|
|
|
o
About how often did you drink (largest number)
(cans/bottles/glasses) of beer in a single day?
|
|
|
|
Ø
During the last 12 months, did you drink any wine,
wine coolers, champagne or sparkling wine?
|
|
|
|
[If yes:]
o
During the last 12 months, about how often did you
drink any wine, wine coolers, champagne or sparkling wine?
|
|
|
o
Now I’d like to know the size of the glass or bottle
of wine or wine cooler that you USUALLY drank. What was the size of the
TYPICAL bottle or glass of wine that you drank during the last 12 months?
|
|
|
o
On the days when you drank wine in the last 12
months, about how many (glasses/bottles/carafes) of wine did you USUALLY
drink in a single day?
|
|
|
o
During the last 12 months, what was the LARGEST
number of (glasses/bottles/carafes) of wine that you drank in a single day?
|
|
|
o
About how often did you drink (largest number)
(glasses/bottles/carafes) of wine in a single day?
|
|
|
Ø
During the last 12 months, did you drink any liquor,
including mixed drinks and liqueurs?
|
|
|
|
[If yes:]
o
During the last 12 months, about how often did you
drink any liquor?
|
|
|
|
o
Now I’d like to know how much liquor was in a TYPICAL
drink you had. How many ounces or shots of liquor did you USUALLY have in a
drink? Please do not include the amount of any soda, water, ice, cola or
juice that may have been added to your drink.
|
|
|
|
o
On the days when you drank liquor in the last 12
months, about how many drinks did you USUALLY have in a single day?
|
|
|
|
o
During the last 12 months, what was the LARGEST
number of drinks of liquor that you drank in a single day?
|
|
|
|
o
About how often did you drink (largest number) drinks
of liquor in a single day?
|
|
|
|
Ø During
the last 12 months, about how often did you have five or more drinks of any
type of alcohol in a single day?
|
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Periodic.
|
|
|
Comments
|
Current drinkers were defined as
those who answered “yes” to the question asking whether they drank 12 or more
drinks in the last year.
|
|
|
|
The number of drinks consumed per
week was calculated as follows:
|
|
|
|
(1) The responses to all frequency
questions (“About how often...”)
were converted to days per year, using the midpoints of the categorical response
options (for example, 1 to 2 days a week was converted to 1.5 x 52 = 78 days
per year).
|
|
|
|
(2) For each type of beverage
(beer, wine, and liquor), the annual volume of intake was calculated as
[(total frequency minus frequency of drinking largest amount) x (usual
quantity of drinks) x (size of drink in ounces) x (ethanol content by
volume)] + [(frequency of drinking largest amount) x (largest quantity of
drinks) x (size of drink in ounces) x (ethanol content by volume)], where the
ethanol content by volume was estimated at .045 for beer, .121 for wine and
.409 for liquor.
|
|
|
|
(3) The three beverage-specific
volumes were summed to yield the overall annual volume of intake in ounces,
which was divided by 52 to yield the average weekly ethanol intake in ounces.
|
|
|
|
(4) The average weekly ethanol
intake was converted to a number of standard drinks by dividing by 0.54
ounces, the amount of ethanol assumed to be contained in a standard drink. A
value of greater than 14 was excessive for men, and a value of greater than 7
was excessive for women.
|
|
|
|
In assessing the number of
standard drinks consumed on any day, the usual and largest quantities of
beer, wine, and liquor were each converted to standard drinks as follows:
[(quantity of drinks) x (drink size in ounces) x (ethanol content by
volume)]/0.54. A value of greater than 4 for any of the usual or largest
quantities was considered excessive for men, and a value of greater than 3
for any of the usual or largest quantities was considered excessive for
women. In addition, any non-zero response to the question on frequency of
drinking five or more drinks was considered excessive for men and women.
|
|
|
|
Missing values for the question
that asked about drinking at least 12 drinks in the past year were imputed on
the basis of whether the subsequent questions were filled in or left blank.
If no more than three of the questions concerning beer, wine, and liquor were
missing, they were imputed using modal responses to those items. Frequency of
drinking five or more drinks was not imputed. After imputation, cases that
still had missing data for any of the questions used in the calculations were
removed from both the numerator and denominator of the percent.
|
|
|
|
A description of the 1992 NLAES
was published in a peer-reviewed journal.4
|
|
|
|
See Appendix A for focus area
contact information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26-14a. 8th
graders.
|
|
National Data Source
|
Monitoring the Future Study (MTF),
NIH, NIDA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Adapted from 4.11 (Substance
Abuse: Alcohol and Other Drugs).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
1.2 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of 8th grade students who
reported using steroids in the past year.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of 8th grade students.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
Students in public and private
schools in the coterminous United States.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:
|
|
|
Ø
Steroids, or anabolic steroids, are sometimes
prescribed by doctors to promote healing from certain types of injuries. Some
athletes, and others, have used them to try to increase muscle development.
On how many occasions (if any) have you taken steroids on your own--that is,
without a doctor telling you to take them?
... in
your lifetime?”
... during the last 12 months?
... during the last 30 days?
[Mark one circle for each line. Response categories
include:]
0
Occasions
1-2 Occasions
3-5 Occasions
6-9 Occasions
10-19 Occasions
20-39 Occasions
40 or More
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Students are considered to have
used steroids if they respond that they used steroids on one or more
occasions during the last 12 months or during the last 30 days.
|
|
|
Data are based on students in
attendance on the day of the survey administration.
|
|
|
This objective differs from
Healthy People 2000 objective 4.11, which was limited to male high school
seniors.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
MTF and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
2.9 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years who reported using inhalants during the past year.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse:
|
|
|
Ø
Please mark one box beside each type of inhalant to
indicate whether you have ever used that kind of inhalant, even once,
for kicks or to get high. On each line, mark the box on the left for
"YES' if you have ever used that kind of inhalant, even once.
Mark the box on the right for "NO" if you have never used any
inhalant of that kind.
|
|
|
Ø
Have you ever, even once, inhaled amyl nitrite,
"popper,” locker room odorizers, or "rush" for kicks or to get
high?
|
|
|
Ø
Have you ever, even once, inhaled correction fluid,
degreaser, or cleaning fluid for kicks or to get high?...
Gasoline
or lighter fluid?...
Glue, shoe polish, or toluene?...
Halothane, ether, or other anesthetics?...
Lacquer thinner or other paint solvents?...
Lighter gases, such as butane or propane?...
Nitrous oxide or "whippets"?...
Spray paints?
|
|
|
Ø
Have you ever, even once, inhaled some other aerosol
spray for kicks or to get high?
|
|
|
Ø
Have you ever used any inhalant whose name you don't
know, for kicks or to get high?
|
|
|
Ø
Have you ever used any other inhalants for kicks or
to get high besides the ones I've named from this list?
|
|
|
[If yes:]
o
Now think about the past 12 months. On how many days
in the past 12 months did you use an inhalant for kicks or to get high?
Mark the first box for more
than 300 days (which is every day or almost every day).
Mark the second for at least 201 but not more than 300 days (5 to 6 days a
week).
Mark the next for at least 101 but not more than 200 days (3 to 4 days a
week).
Mark the next for at least 51 but not more than 100 days (1 to 2 days a week).
Mark the next for at least 25 but not more than 50 days (3 to 4 days a
month).
Mark the next for at least 12 but not more than 24 days (1 to 2 days a
month).
Mark the next for at least 6 but not more than 11 days (less than one day a
month).
Mark the next for at least 3 but not more than 5 days in the past 12 months.
And mark the third from the last for at least 1 but not more than 2 days in
the past 12 months.
If you have used inhalants for kicks or to get high, but not during the past
12 months, mark the next‑to‑last box.
If you have never used any inhalant for kicks or to get high in your life,
mark the last box.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Use of inhalants within the past
year was defined by an affirmative response to ever using any kind of
inhalant “for kicks or to get high” combined with a response of “at least
one, but not more than 2 days in the past 12 months” or more frequently.
|
|
|
Specific inhalants that have been
identified as used “for kicks or to get high” are listed to help the
respondent remember and to let the respondent know the kinds of substances of
interest. In addition, probes are added for other substances. These two
approaches tend to increase the probability that inhalant users will report
their use
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NHSDA and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-16a. 8th
graders.
|
|
National Data Source
|
Monitoring the Future Study (MTF),
NIH, NIDA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Adapted from 4.9 (Substance Abuse:
Alcohol and Other Drugs) (also 3.21).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
77 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of 8th grade students who
report their disapproval of people who take one or two drinks nearly every
day.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of 8th grade students.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
Public and private schools in the
coterminous United States.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:
|
|
|
Ø
Individuals differ in whether or not they disapprove
of people doing certain things. Do YOU disapprove of people doing each of the
following?
[Response categories “a” through
“p” include:]
j. Taking one or two drinks nearly every day....
Don’t disapprove
Disapprove
Strongly disapprove
Can’t say, Drug Unfamiliar
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Disapproval is defined as those
who report that they “disapprove” or “strongly disapprove.”
|
|
|
Data are based on students in
attendance on the day of the survey administration.
|
|
|
This objective differs from
Healthy People 2000 objective 4.9, which measures perception of disapproval
by others and is limited to tracking 12th grade students.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of MTF and Appendix A for focus area
contact information.
|
|
26-16d. 8th
graders.
|
|
National Data Source
|
Monitoring the Future Study (MTF),
NIH, NIDA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Adapted from 4.9 (Substance Abuse:
Alcohol and Other Drugs) (also 3.21).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
69 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of 8th grade students who
report their disapproval of people who try marijuana once or twice.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of 8th grade students.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
Public and private schools in the
coterminous United States.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:
|
|
|
Ø
Individuals differ in whether or not they disapprove
of people doing certain things. Do YOU disapprove of people doing each of the
following?
[Response categories “a” through “p” include:]
c.
Trying marijuana once or twice....
Don’t
disapprove
Disapprove
Strongly disapprove
Can’t say, Drug Unfamiliar
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
Disapproval is defined as those
who report they “disapprove” or “strongly disapprove.”
|
|
|
Data are based on students in
attendance on the day of the survey administration.
|
|
|
This objective differs from
Healthy People 2000 objective 4.9, which measures perception of disapproval
by others.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
MTF and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-17a. Consuming
five or more drinks at a single occasion once or twice a week.
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.10 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs) (also 3.22).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
47 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years who report that they perceive great risk from consuming five or more
drinks on a single occasion once or twice a week.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse:
|
|
|
Ø
How much do people risk harming themselves physically
and in other ways when they have five or more drinks once or twice a week? Is
there:
No
risk?
Slight risk?
Moderate risk?
Great risk?
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
While the question used to obtain
baseline data takes into account all kinds of harm, some respondents may
focus on physical harm only. Consequently the measure is a very conservative
estimate of the perceived harm.
|
|
|
This objective uses the same
measurement protocol as the comparable Healthy People 2000 objective (4.10).
The only difference is that “five or more drinks” was called “heavy use of alcohol” in the
Healthy People 2000 objective.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NHSDA and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-17b. Smoking
marijuana once per month.
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
4.10 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
Other Drugs) (also 3.22).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
31 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years who report they perceive great risk from smoking marijuana once a
month.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse:
|
|
|
Ø
How much do people risk
harming themselves physically and in other ways when they smoke marijuana
once a month?
Mark the first box if
you think there is no risk.
Mark the second box if you think there is slight risk.
Mark the third box if you think there is moderate risk.
Mark the fourth box if you think there is great risk.
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
While the question used to obtain
baseline data takes into account all kinds of harm, some respondents may
focus on physical harm only. Consequently the measure is a very conservative
estimate of the perceived harm.
|
|
|
This objective uses the same
measurement protocol as the comparable Healthy People 2000 objective (4.10).
The only difference is that “smoking marijuana once a month” was called “regular use of
marijuana” in the Healthy People 2000 objective.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NHSDA and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
|
26-17c. Using
cocaine once per month.
|
|
National Data Source
|
National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse (NHSDA), SAMHSA.
|
|
State Data Source
|
Not identified.
|
|
Healthy People 2000 Objective
|
Adapted from 4.10 (Substance
Abuse: Alcohol and Other Drugs) (also 3.22).
|
|
Measure
|
Percent.
|
|
Baseline
|
54 (1998).
|
|
Numerator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years who report they perceive great risk from using cocaine once a month.
|
|
Denominator
|
Number of adolescents aged 12 to
17 years.
|
|
Population Targeted
|
U.S. civilian,
noninstitutionalized population.
|
|
Questions Used To Obtain the
National Data
|
From the 1998 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse:
|
|
|
Ø
How much do people risk harming themselves physically
and in other ways when they use cocaine once a month? Is there:
No
risk?
Slight risk?
Moderate risk?
Great risk?
|
|
Expected Periodicity
|
Annual.
|
|
Comments
|
While the question used to obtain
baseline data takes into account all kinds of harm, some respondents may
focus on physical harm only. Consequently the measure is a very conservative
estimate of the perceived harm.
|
|
|
This objective differs from Healthy
People 2000 objective 4.10, which measured perceived harm from trying cocaine
once or twice.
|
|
|
See Part C for a description of
NHSDA and Appendix A for focus area contact information.
|
1. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic
Safety Facts 1998: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data From the Fatality
Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Transportation, 1999.
2. Hoyert, D.L.; Kochanek, K.D.; and Murphy, S.L. Deaths:
Final data for 1997. National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol 47. No 19.
Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1999.
