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CONTENTS
Goals and Objectives
Case Study and Pretest

Who's at Risk

Exposure Pathways

Biologic Fate

Physiologic Effects

Clinical Evaluation

Laboratory Evaluation

Treatment and Management

Standards and Regulations

References Cited

Additional Suggested Reading

Answers to Pretest and Challenge Questions 

Other Sources of Information

Evaluation Questionnaire
Case Studies in Environmental Medicine 

Lead Toxicity


Posttest

If you wish to receive continuing education credit for this program, you must complete the evaluation questionnaire and this posttest. Each question below contains four suggested answers, of which one or more is correct. Choose the answer:

A if 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B if 1 and 3 are correct
C if 2 and 4 are correct
D if 4 is correct
E if 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct

28. Early indications of lead poisoning in children may be:

  1. inappropriate classroom behavior
  2. impaired speech or hearing
  3. fatigue and lethargy
  4. anemia and dermal rash

29.  A laboratory evaluation for lead toxicity might include:    

  1. CBC with peripheral smear
  2. blood lead level
  3. zinc protoporphyrin level
  4. cardiac enzymes and liver function tests

30.  Potential sources of dietary lead include

  1. solder used to seal food and drink containers
  2. imported pottery
  3. household dirt and dust
  4. folk remedies

31.  Which of the following concerning lead in the body is false?

  1. always a potential health risk
  2. sometimes mobilized in times of stress or malnutrition
  3. associated with erythrocytes in the blood and bioaccumulated in the bones and teeth
  4. of no consequence below a level of 10 µg/dL.


32.  Children are generally at greater risk than adults from the effects of lead because: 

  1. children consume more sweets
  2. children show a greater prevalence of iron deficiency
  3. children commonly drink more milk
  4. children ingest more dirt and children show a greater sensitivity to lead's effects


33.  Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) or zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) values may be elevated: 

  1. when blood lead levels are chronically elevated
  2. in hyperbilirubinemia
  3. in erythropoietic protoporphyria
  4. in iron deficiency anemia


34.  The following information obtained during a medical evaluation may provide clues to a potential lead exposure: 

  1. occupational history of all home occupants and health of household pets
  2. location, age, and physical condition of residence
  3. family activities such as home remodeling
  4. source of drinking water

35.  The following are symptoms of mild (rather than severe) lead toxicity: 

  1. wrist drop
  2. myalgia
  3. blue-black line on gingival tissue and anemia
  4. hyperactivity
Note to Nurses
CDC is accredited by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's (ANCC) Commission on Accreditation. ANCC credit is accepted by most State Boards of Nursing.

California nurses should write in "ANCC - Self-Study" for this course when applying for relicensure. A provider number is NOT needed. 

Iowa nurses must be granted special approval from the Iowa Board of Nursing. Call 515-281-4823 or e-mail marmago@bon.state.ia.us to obtain the necessary application.

 


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This page last updated on June 01, 2001

Wilma López / wbl8@cdc.gov


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