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- Gait
- Style or manner of walking
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- Gait Cycle
- Activity that occurs between the time of initial
contact (heel strike) of one foot and the next initial contact of that
same foot
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- Stride Length
- Distance between initial contact of one foot and
initial contact of that same foot
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- Step Length
- Distance between initial contact of one foot and
initial contact of the other foot
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- Stance Phase
- Activity that occurs between the time of initial
contact of one foot until that same foot leaves the ground
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- Swing Phase
- Activity that occurs between the time the foot leaves
the floor until initial contact of that same foot
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- Double Support
- That period of time when both feet are in contact
with the ground
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- Non-Support
- That period of time when neither foot is in contact
with the ground; does not occur during walking, but does occur
during running
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- Single Support
- Period in which one lower extremity is in contact
with the ground
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- Cadence
- Walking speed
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- Heel Strike
- In normal gait, when the heel comes in contact with
the floor
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- Loading Response (Foot Flat)
- Period from just after initial contact until the
opposite foot leaves the ground, during which the entire foot comes
in contact with the floor
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- Midstance
- Period from when the opposite foot leaves the ground
until body is directly over the weight-bearing limb
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- Terminal Stance (Heel-off)
- From midstance to prior to initial contact of the
opposite foot with the ground
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- Pre-Swing (Toe-off)
- From initial contact of the opposite limb to just
before the toes leave the ground; end of stance phase
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- Initial Swing (Acceleration)
- From when the toes leave the ground until maximum
knee flexion of the same limb; limb is behind the body and beginning
to swing forward
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- Midswing
- Just after maximum knee flexion until the tibia is
in a vertical position
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- Terminal Swing (Deceleration)
- From the vertical position of the tibia to just prior
to initial contact
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- Foot Slap Gait
- Weakness of dorsiflexors; no eccentric control exists
for lowering foot to ground during loading response
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- Foot Drop Gait
- Total paralysis of dorsiflexors; increased knee flexion
necessary to clear the foot; swing phase abnormality
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- Gluteus Medius Gait
- Weakness of abductors; puts the center of gravity
directly over the hip joint to reduce the total force on the hip and
decrease the need for gluteus medius to contract; usually seen in a
painful hip with abductor weakness
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- Trendelenburg Gait
- Weakness of hip abductors, without pain in the hip;
during stance, the lower extremity adducts under the body, due to abductor
weakness
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- Gluteus Maximus Gait
- Weakness of gluteus maximus; patient keeps center
of gravity posterior, reducing the need for gluteus maximus to contract
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- Hemiplegic Gait
- Neurological pattern, often occurring after a stroke
or head trauma, or associated with cerebral palsy; dorsiflexor weakness,
quad weakness, lack of pelvic rotation (hemi side stays retracted)
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- Back Knee Gait
- Genu recurvatum during stance; caused by fixed plantar
flexion deformity of the ankle or weakness of the quadriceps
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- Antalgic Gait
- General term for painful gait; does not identify
the cause of the pain; stance phase duration is decreased on the painful
side
* Original definitions courtesy of Penn State
University
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