Public Health Reviews
of Hazardous Waste
Thermal Treatment
Technologies
A Guidance Manual for Public Health Assessors
by
Betty C. Willis, M.S.
Max M. Howie, M.S.
Robert C. Williams, P.E., DEE
March 2002
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
Atlanta, Georgia
ATSDR-HA-ML-2002-0001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreward
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 2 - ATSDR Role
Chapter 3 - Background
3.1. ATSDR Guidance
3.2. EPA Regulations
Chapter 4 - Information Needs
4.1. Design and Operating Information Pertinent to Protect Public Health
4.2. Other Information Important to Public Health
4.3. Site Visit
Chapter 5 - Technology Reviews
5.1. Thermal Treatment Facility Designs
5.1.1. Pretreatment - Waste Preparation and Feed Systems
5.1.2. Combustion and Desorption Chambers
5.1.3. Air Pollution Control Equipment
5.1.4. Residuals Management
5.1.4.1. Liquids
5.1.4.2. Ash
5.1.5. Other Design Features - Thermal Relief Vents
5.2. Emissions of Public Health Concern
5.2.1. Stack Emissions
5.2.1.1. Organics
5.2.1.2. Dioxins and Furans
5.2.1.3. Metals and Halogens
5.2.2. Fugitive Emissions
5.3. Design and Operating Considerations Important to Public Health
Chapter 6 - Public Health Evaluation
6.1. Pre-operational Phase - Information to Review for Health Implications
6.1.1. Design and Operating Considerations Pertinent to Protecting Public Health
6.1.1.1. Effectiveness of the Technology
6.1.1.2. Fate of Contaminants of Health Concern
6.1.1.3. Engineering Design Considerations Affecting Stack Emissions
6.1.1.4. Operation and Maintenance Plan (O and M Plan)
6.1.1.5. Performance Test Plans
6.1.2. Additional Considerations Important to Public Health
6.1.2.1. Ambient Air Sampling and Monitoring Plan
6.1.2.2. Contingency and Site Safety Plans
6.1.2.3. Maintaining Good Performance
6.1.2.4. Transportation of Wastes
6.1.2.5. Location of the Unit
6.1.2.6. Community Involvement
6.2. Testing Phase - Operating Conditions to Protect Public Health
6.2.1. Pre-Performance Test Period
6.2.1.1. Conservative Operating Conditions
6.2.1.2. Site-specific Needs Considerations
6.2.1.3. On-site and Community Ambient Air Monitoring and Sampling
6.2.2. Performance Test Period
6.2.2.2. Stack Testing
6.2.2.3. Consider Site-specific Need for Additional CEMs
6.2.2.4. On-site, Fence Line, and Community Sampling and Monitoring
6.2.3. Posttest Period to Operational Phase
6.2.3.1. Modeling of Stack Emissions Data
6.2.3.2. Evaluating Reports
6.2.3.3. Evaluating Operating Conditions
6.3. Operational Phase - Information to Review to Protect Public Health
6.3.1. Equipment Operation Protective of Public Health
6.3.1.1. Incident Reports
6.3.1.2. Inspection Reports
6.3.1.3. Continuous Monitoring Reports
6.3.1.4. Additional Stack Emissions Testing Reports
6.3.2. Overall Facility Conditions Protective of Public Health
6.3.2.1. Ambient Air Reports
6.3.2.2. Residuals Analysis Reports
Chapter 7 - Toxicologic Evaluation
Chapter 8 - Health Studies
8.1. ATSDR Funded Health Studies Related to Combustion
8.1.1. Caldwell Systems, Inc. (NC)
8.1.2. Caldwell Systems, Inc. (NC)
8.1.3. Calvert City Industrial Complex (KY)
8.1.4. Times Beach (MO)
8.1.5. VERTAC/Hercules Site (AR)
8.1.6. Three Waste Incinerators (NC)
8.2. NIOSH Studies
8.2.1. The Caldwell Group (NC)
8.2.2. ENSCO (AR)
8.2.3. Allied Chemical (LA)
8.2.4. Rollins Environmental Services (LA)
8.2.5. Grosse Pointes-Clinton Refuse Disposal Authority (MI)
8.2.6. Delaware source Recovery Facility (PA)
8.2.7. Monroe County Incinerator (FL)
8.2.8. Northwest Incinerator (PA)
8.2.9. Lutheran Medical Center (NY)
Chapter 9 - Resource Books
9.1. ATSDR Resource Books
9.2. EPA Resource Books
9.3. Other Technical Resource Books
References
Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviations
Appendix B - Tables
Table 1 - Key Design and Operating Information to be Reviewed
Table 2 - Applicability of Desorbers and Major Incinerator Types to Various Wastes
Table 3 - Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs) from Hazardous Waste Incinerators
Table 4 - Products of Incomplete Combustion
Table 5 - ARAR Identification Process
Table 6 - Conservative Estimates of Metals Partitioning to Flue Gas as a Function of Solids Temperature and Chlorine Content
Table 7 - Metal Volatility Temperatures
Table 8 - Air Pollution Control Devices and their Conservatively Estimated Efficiencies for Controlling Metals
Table 9 - Design Considerations
Table 10 - Recommended Automatic Waste Feed Cut Off Conditionsto be Continuously Monitored
Table 11 - Issues Ambient Air Sampling and Monitoring Plans Should Address
Table 12 - Overview of ATSDR-Funded Health Studies
Appendix C - Figures
Figure 1. Incineration Subsystems and Typical Process Components
Figure 2. Thermal Desorption Systems
Appendix D - Public Health Review Process
Appendix E - Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARARs)
This page last updated on May 10, 2002
Lateefah A. Daniel / lpw1@cdc.gov
ATSDR Home |
Search |
Index |
Glossary |
Contact Us
About ATSDR |
News Archive |
ToxFAQs |
HazDat |
Public Health Assessments
Privacy Policy |
External Links Disclaimer |
Accessibility
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
