Joint
Forces Command Glossary
The
following is an alphabetical listing of terms that are used
on the U.S. Joint Forces Command Web site. If more information
is available at other web sites, those links have been provided
to better serve our users. To find a subject, select the first
letter of the subject.
A
B C D
E F G H
I J K L
M N O P
Q R S T
U V W X
Y Z
A
Adaptive
Joint Command and Control (AJC2) - The ability to adjust
to a given situation and exercise authority and direction
by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached
joint forces in the accomplishment of the mission.
Advanced
Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) - A
model of evaluation takes new or existing technologies
and puts
them in the field in a realistic environment to be used and
tested outside the sterile conditions of a laboratory.
Learn more about ACTDs by clicking here.
Assured
Access (AA) - Access to the battlespace in all dimensions
by US forces and allies contributes to the Joint Force Commander's
freedom of action. This does not necessarily mean that the
battlespace is accessible from any direction, but at least
that sufficient air and sea lines of communications for movement
of forces and sustainment packages exist and can be protected
successfully from interdiction.
Asymmetric
Warfare
- The waging of unbalanced or un-proportioned armed or unarmed
war against the enemy.
Augmentees
- Additional personnel who enhance existing capabilities of
the SJFHQ. Personnel could come from
the supported CINC staff or components,
and supporting CINC staff and components.
Automated
Deep Operations Coordination System (ADOCS) - A situation
awareness tool which integrates a broad number and type of
service C4ISR systems, enabling horizontal
and vertical integration and C2 actions.
It makes the same information available to all users regardless
of echelon and allows them to filter the information to their
specific mission environment.
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B
Battle
Damage Assessment (BDA) - The timely and accurate estimate
of damage resulting from the application of military force,
either lethal or non-lethal, against a predetermined objective.
Battle damage assessment can be applied to the employment
of all types of weapon systems (air, ground, naval, and special
forces weapon systems) throughout the range of military operations.
Battle damage assessment is primarily an intelligence responsibility
with required inputs and coordination from the operators.
Battle damage assessment is composed of physical damage assessment,
functional damage assessment, and target system assessment.
See also bomb damage assessment; combat
assessment.
Boards
- Formal, non-standing organizations with designated membership
that meet as required to conduct their business. Boards provide
input to centers and the commander of a joint task force.
Bomb
Damage Assessment (BDA) - The determination of the effect
of all air attacks on targets, e.g., bombs, rockets, or strafing.
See also battle damage assessment; combat
assessment.
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C
C2
- The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated
commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment
of the mission. Command and control functions are performed
through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications,
facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning,
directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations
in the accomplishment of the mission.
C4ISR
- command, control, communications, computers, intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance.
Cascading
Nature of Effects - Indirect effects can ripple through
an enemy target system, often influencing other target systems
as well. Typically this can influence nodes that are critical
to multiple target systems. Most often this cascading of indirect
effects flows from higher to lower levels of war. As an example,
when destroying an enemy central headquarters, the effects
cascade down through the enemy echelons to ultimately disrupt
numerous tactical units on the battlefield.
Cells
- Formal, non-standing, functionally-oriented organizations
that meet on a regular basis to provide input to boards
and centers.
Centers
- Formal, standing organizations that meet and conduct major
planning or operations business with the JTF headquarters
on a regular basis. Once established, centers normally operate
on a 24-hour basis.
Centers
of excellence - Institutions possessing special knowledge
or expertise in a particular area of concern and incorporated
into the collaborative environment to facilitate development
of the products supporting SJFHQ and
JTF functions and operations, e.g., academia, industry, banking.
Centers
of gravity - Those characteristics, capabilities, or localities
from which a military force derives its freedom of action,
physical strength, or will to fight. Critical capabilities
are resources and means that support the center of gravity.
From among these are identified critical vulnerabilities.
They link to the center of gravity via casual links, such
that destroying, degrading, or denying a critical vulnerability
will cause a substantial degradation of one or more of the
adversary's center of gravities.
CINC
- commander in chief, now known as just commander. Currently,
Admiral
Edmund P. Giambastiani serves as the commander
in chief for U.S. Joint Forces Command.
Civil
affairs - Designated active and reserve component forces
and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to
conduct civil affairs activities and to support civil-military
operations. See also civil affairs activities;
civil-military operations.
Civil
affairs activities - Activities performed or supported
by civil affairs that (1) enhance the relationship between
military forces and civil authorities in areas where military
forces are present; and (2) involve application of civil affairs
functional specialty skills, in areas normally the responsibility
of civil government, to enhance conduct of civil-military
operations.
Civil-Military
Operations - The activities of a commander that establish,
maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military
forces, governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations
and authorities, and the civilian populace in a friendly,
neutral, or hostile operational area in order to facilitate
military operations, to consolidate and achieve operational
US objectives. Civil-military operations may include performance
by military forces of activities and functions normally the
responsibility of the local, regional, or national government.
These activities may occur prior to, during, or subsequent
to other military actions. They may also occur, if directed,
in the absence of other military operations. Civil-military
operations may be performed by designated civil affairs, by
other military forces, or by a combination of civil affairs
and other forces.
Collaborative
Information Environment (CIE) - The information backbone
that provides warfighters the ability to enhance organizational
effectiveness and reduce hierarchical, serial planning timelines
through information and idea sharing and parallel planning.
Collateral
Nature of Effects (CNE) - Collateral effects are unintentional
or incidental direct or indirect effects causing injury or
damage to persons or objects. Evaluation for potential collateral
effects should normally include a consideration of second-
and third-order levels of damage, e.g., the collateral effects
of jamming or destroying a communications facility that disrupts
civilian air traffic control or disrupts power to a local
hospital. Collateral effects can become a major factor in
determining whether or not to attack a target. Collateral
effects can be further defined as additional and collateral
damage.
Combat
Assessment (CA) - The determination of the overall effectiveness
of force employment during military operations. Combat assessment
is composed of three major components, battle damage assessment,
munitions effects assessment, and reattack recommendation.
The objective of combat assessment is to identify recommendations
for the course of military operations.
Commander's
Intent - The stated purpose or desired end state of a
commander in the accomplishment of the assigned mission.
Common
Operation Picture (COP) - A single identical display of
relevant information shared by more than one command. A common
operational picture facilitates collaborative planning and
assists all echelons to achieve situational awareness.
Common
Relevant Operational Picture (CROP) - A presentation of
timely, fused, accurate, and relevant information that can
be tailored to meet the requirements of the joint force commander
and the joint force and is common to every organization and
individual involved in a joint operation. Click here
for more information regarding CROP.
Computer
Network Attack - Operations to disrupt, deny, degrade,
or destroy information resident in computers and computer
networks, or the computers and networks themselves. Electronic
attack (EA) can be used against a computer, but it is not
CNA. CNA relies on the data stream to execute the attack while
EA relies on the electromagnetic spectrum.
Computer
Network Defense - Defensive measures to protect and defend
information, computers, and networks from disruption, denial,
degradation, or destruction.
Computer
Network Exploitation - Intelligence collection and enabling
operations to gather data from target adversary automated
information systems (AIS) or networks
Computer
Network Operations (CNO) - Comprised of Computer Network
Attack (CNA), Computer Network Defense (CND), and Computer
Network Exploit (CNE), collectively.
Concept
of Operations Plan - A verbal or graphic statement, in
broad outline, of a commander's assumptions or intent in regard
to an operation or series of operations. The concept of operations
is frequently embodied in campaign plans and operation plans;
in the latter case, particularly when the plans cover a series
of connected operations to be carried out simultaneously or
in succession. The concept is designed to give an overall
picture of the operation. It is included primarily for additional
clarity of purpose. Also called commander's concept.
Course
of Action (COA) - 1. Any sequence of activities that an
individual or unit may follow. 2. A possible plan open to
an individual or commander that would accomplish, or is related
to the accomplishment of the mission. 3. The scheme adopted
to accomplish a job or mission. 4. A line of conduct in an
engagement. 5. A product of the Joint Operation Planning and
Execution System concept development phase.
Cumulative
Nature of Effects - Cumulative effects result from the
aggregate of many direct or indirect effects. This may occur
at the same or at different levels of war as the contributing
lower-order effects are achieved. However, cumulative effects
typically occur at higher levels of war. As an example, increased
operational-level air superiority would be the cumulative
effect of destroying numerous surface-to-air-missile (SAM)
sites at the tactical level.
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D
Decision
Superiority - The ability of the commander, based upon
information superiority and situational understanding, to
make effective decisions more rapidly than the adversary,
thereby allowing one to dramatically increase the pace, coherence,
and effectiveness of operations.
Decisive
Operations - Those operations assigned to or undertaken
by the US military in which there is a firm or conclusive
resolution.
Defeat
Mechanisms - The best arrangement of ways and means to
destroy the adversary's coherency and achieve our Rapid
Decisive Operations campaign objectives.
Deficiency
Analysis - Analysis of the tools or means employed in
effects-based operations.
Desired
Effects - The damage or casualties to the enemy or material
which a commander desires to achieve from a nuclear weapon
detonation. Damage effects on material are classified as light,
moderate, or severe. Casualty effects on personnel may be
immediate, prompt, or delayed.
Desired
Operational Capability (DOC) - A concept based statement
of the ways and means to satisfy a JFC's
capabilities requirements. A fully articulated DOC identifies
subordinate tasks, associated conditions, and criteria for
measurement.
Diplomatic,
Information, Military and Economic (DIME) - Areas of national
power that are leveraged in "effects-based" operations
against an adversary's vulnerabilities identified by Operational
Net Assessment, and targeted against his will and capability
to conduct war.
Direct
Effects - Direct effects are immediate, first-order effects,
the results of military actions with no intervening effect
or mechanism between act and outcome, and are usually easily
recognizable.
Dominant
Maneuver - The ability of joint forces to gain positional
advantage with decisive speed and overwhelming operational
tempo in the achievement of assigned military tasks. Widely
dispersed joint air, land, sea, amphibious, special operations
and space forces, capable of scaling and massing force or
forces and the effects of fires as required for either combat
or noncombat operations, will secure advantage across the
range of military operations through the application of information,
deception, engagement, mobility, and counter-mobility capabilities.
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E
Effect
- The physical, functional, or psychological outcome, event,
or consequence that results from specific military or non-military
actions.
Effects
Tasking Order (ETO) - Formalizes output of JTF virtual
collaborative planning. It is the means to task and synchronize
the actions and orders required to achieve the commander's
intent. ETOs replace the current operations
orders (OPORDs) and Fragmentary Orders
(FRAGOs) issued as required to support current and future
operations. They do not replace component execution planning
and execution orders.
Effects
Based Operations (EBO) - A process for obtaining a desired
strategic outcome or "effect" on the enemy, through
the synergistic, multiplicative, and cumulative application
of the full range of military and nonmilitary capabilities
at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels.
Effects
Based Planning (EBP) - An operational planning process
to conduct EBO within RDO.
EBP is results-based vice attrition-based. EBP closely mirrors
the current joint planning process, yet focuses upon the linkage
of actions to effects to objectives. EBP changes the way we
view the enemy, ourselves, and what is included and emphasized
in the planning process. EBP uses a flexibly-structured battle
rhythm that leverages a collaborative knowledge environment
and capitalizes on the use of fewer formal joint boards. It
employs virtual, near-simultaneous planning at all echelons
of command.
Effects
Based Strategy - The coherent application of national
and alliance elements of power through effects-based processes
to accomplish strategic objectives.
Effects
Based Targeting - The focus of the targeting process is
to produce COAs that will change the enemy's
behaviors and compel him to comply with our will. The behavioral
changes we attempt to create are the result of effects that
flow from the employment of our lethal and nonlethal capabilities.
Thus, effects-based targeting is distinguished by the ability
to generate the type and extent of effects necessary to create
outcomes that facilitate the realization of the commander's
objectives.
Effects
Based Warfare - The application of armed conflict to achieve
desired strategic outcomes through the effects of military
force.
Electronic
Warfare - A component of Information Operations
(IO). Any military action that involves the use of electromagnetic
and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum
or to attack the adversary. The SJFHQ
should ensure coordination among EW and other IO, intelligence,
and communications support activities for maximum effect and
to reduce electronic fratricide. This coordination is necessary
to ensure effective exchange of information, eliminate undesirable
duplication of effort, and provide mutual support.
End
State - What the President of the United States and Secretary
of Defense want the situation to be when operations conclude
- both military operations as well as those where the military
is in support of other instruments of national power.
Expeditionary
Aerospace Force - The US Air Force concept of an expeditionary
force capable of carrying out assigned air missions from forward
deployed bases or long-range missions from home bases.
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F
Field
Experiment - Wargames conducted in the actual environment
with actual military units and equipment. As such, these experiments
have the highest applicability of results to real situations.
Good field experiments, like good military exercises, are
the closet thing to real challenges of actual operations;
the ability to isolate the true cause of any detected change
will suffer.
Flexible
Deterrent Option (FDO) - A planning construct intended
to facilitate early decision by laying out a wide range of
interrelated response paths that begin with deterrent-oriented
options carefully tailored to send the right signal. The flexible
deterrent option is the means by which the various deterrent
options available to a commander (such as economic, diplomatic,
apolitical, and military measures) are implemented into the
planning process.
Focus
Area - That area of the CINC's AOR identified by the commander
for the SJFHQ to focus their efforts
in ONA development, based on ambiguous
indications of potential crisis.
Focused
Logistics - The ability to provide the joint force the
right personnel, equipment, and supplies in the right place,
at the right time, and in the right quantity, across the full
range of military operations.
Force
Health Protection - The health and medical portion of
agile sustainment operations.
Fragmentary
Order (FRAGO) - An abbreviated form of an operation order,
usually issued on a day-to-day basis, which eliminates the
need for restating information contained in a basic operation
order. It may be issued in sections.
Full
Dimensional Protection - The ability of the joint force
to protect its personnel and other assets required to decisively
execute assigned tasks. Full dimensional protection is achieved
through the tailored selection and application of multilayered
active and passive measures, within the domains of air, land,
sea, space, and information across the range of military operations
with an acceptable degree of risk.
Full
Spectrum Dominance - The ability of US forces, operating
unilaterally or in combination with multinational and interagency
partners, to defeat any adversary and control any situation
across the full range of military operations.
Functional
Components - Composed of two or more military departments
that may be established across the range of military operations
to perform particular operational missions that may be of
short duration or may extend over a period of time.
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G
Global
Information Grid (GIG) - The worldwide information network
currently being developed by the US that will link all data
and communications networks together in a seamless environment.
The globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information
capabilities, associated processes, and personnel for collecting,
processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information
on demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel.
H
Hierarchy
of Experimentation - Shows the general hierarchical flow
as a warfighting concept moves from inception to maturity.
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I
Indirect
Effects - Indirect effects are second- and third-order
systemic effects that are the results created through an intermediate
effect or mechanism to produce the final outcome, which may
be physical or psychological in nature. Indirect effects tend
to be delayed and may be difficult to recognize and are often
a cumulative or cascading result of many combined direct effects.
Information
- 1. Facts, data, or instructions in any medium or form.
2. The meaning that a human assigns to data by means of the
known conventions used in their representation.
Information
Environment - The
aggregate of individuals, organizations, or systems that collect,
process, or disseminate information; also included is the
information itself.
Information
Operations -
Those actions taken to affect an adversary's information and
information systems while defending one's own information
and information systems.
Information
Superiority - That degree of dominance in the information
domain, which permits the conduct of operations without effective
opposition. The capability to collect, process, and disseminate
an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying
an adversary's ability to do the same.
Information
Superiority Campaign - The desired outcome of the information
superiority (IS) campaign is to create an imbalance of knowledge
in our favor, in order to understand the adversary while denying
him the ability to gather and exploit information on friendly
forces.
Information
Superiority Group - The group responsible for coordinating
activities that contribute to building information and knowledge
superiority within the JTF, enabling informed decision-making.
The group conducts an initial assessment of the information
environment and the ability to achieve and maintain information
superiority.
Information
System - The entire infrastructure, organization, and
components that collect, process, store, transmit, display,
disseminate, and act on information.
Information
Workspace (IWS) Version 2.5 - A virtual collaborative
tool engineered for groups that work in multiple locations.
It is based on a virtual environment. Each virtual building
can represent an actual location or group of users. Within
each building are floors which contain several rooms. These
rooms can be organized as required to facilitate access to
information and people. Part of the Collaborative
Information Environment (CIE).
Integration
Matrix - Part of an Effects Tasking Order
that synchronizes component and Interagency
Community actions in time, space and outcome.
Intelligence
-
The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration,
analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information
concerning foreign countries or areas. Also, information and
knowledge about an adversary obtained through observation,
investigation, analysis, or understanding. Captain
Darryl J. Fengya
acts as the director of intelligence for U.S. Joint Forces
Command.
Interagency
Communities (IAC) - Overall term applied to those
appropriate government and non-government organizations
that are critical
to conducting "effects-based operations" from deliberate
planning to execution operations and transition operations.
These interagency organizations would be part of the CINC (Commander)
and SJFHQ "collaborative environment."
Intermediate
Staging and Support Base (ISSB) - A temporary location
used to both stage forces and to locate sustainment and maintenance
support when anti-access conditions and/or infrastructure
in the JOA preclude early entry.
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J
Joint
Effects Area - An area of land, sea, airspace defined
by a geographic combatant commander or subordinate unified
commander, in which a JTF Commander (JFC)
integrates the military actions required to conduct the full
range of Diplomatic, Information, Military,
and Economic (DIME) actions necessary to achieve the effects
required to achieve a specific operational mission. The JFC
does not have to own an asset to exploit its employment within
the JEA, i.e., have command authority or operational control.
Operations by forces and capabilities assigned to the JFC
are informed by, and inform, those actions conducted by non-assigned
organizations or agencies operating within the JEA to achieve
the same operational mission. A Primary Area
of Military Operations (PAMO) may be established within
the JEA to define and confine the area of primary military
action w/o restricting the actions required outside this area
to achieve the commander's intent and mission.
Joint
Experimentation - Application of scientific experimentation
procedures to assess the effectiveness of proposed (hypothesized)
joint warfighting concept elements to ascertain whether elements
of a joint warfighting concept cause changes in military effectiveness.
Joint
Force Commander - A general term applied to a combatant
commander, subunified commander, or joint task force commander
(CJTF) authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority)
or operational control over a force.
Joint
Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace - The analytical
process used by joint intelligence organizations to produce
intelligence assessment, estimates and other intelligence
products in support of the joint force commander's decision
making process. It is a continuous process that includes defining
the total battlespace environment; describing the battlespace's
effects; evaluating the adversary; and determining and describing
adversary potential courses of action.
Joint
Interactive Planning (JIP) - Planning between the different
service commanders in a joint environment that takes place
through the utilization of multiple electronic or communications
systems in which responses are direct and continual.
Joint
Mission Force - That military force that shares a common
mission or goal that will allow for the overall attainment
or success in completion of the assigned task.
Joint
Network Control Officer (JNCO) - A member of the SJFHQ
Information/Knowledge Management Group who establishes the
systems architecture to support RDO, based
on the JTF commander's operational architecture. The JNCO
is also responsible for coordinating network management activities
for the SJFHQ.
Joint
Support Base (JSB) -
A tailorable, temporary location on land or sea, designated
by the JFC, used for the staging, sustainment,
succor or maintenance of forces inserting into, extracting
from, or conducting operations in a designated area.
Joint
Tactical Actions (JTA) -
Specific actions or engagements planned and executed by a
joint force commander intended to achieve an effect that requires
the capabilities of more than one service or agency. JTAs
are executed by mission-tailored joint force packages normally
formed as short-term formations.
Joint
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (JTTP) - The actions
and methods that implement joint doctrine and describe how
forces will be employed in joint operations. They will be
promulgated by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
in coordination with the combatant commands, services, and
Joint Staff.
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K
Key
Enabler -
That crucial element that supplies the means, knowledge, or
opportunity that allows for the success of an assigned task
or mission.
Knowledge
- 1. Familiarity, awareness, or understanding gained through
experience or study. 2. The sum or range of what has been
perceived, discovered, or learned.
Knowledge
Network - A set of concepts related to providing critical
information to the warfighter. It enables the most effective
use of the information in a collaborative manner to conduct
multi-level planning, execution, and assessment of military
operations. It includes the Common Relevant
Operational Picture (CROP), Joint Interactive
Planning (JIP), and Adaptive Joint Command
and Control (AJC2) concepts.
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L
Leveraged
Events
- A leveraged event is an experiment, exercise, or demonstration
"owned" by some other organization. Service or CINC
experiments, training exercises, or wargames frequently provide
these opportunities. While the event owner's objectives are
always the primary event driver, there frequently are opportunities
within those events to address JFCOM's experimental objective.
Liaisons
- Personnel responsible for maintaining contact or intercommunication
between elements of military forces or other agencies to ensure
mutual understanding and unity or purpose and action. Liaisons
may be provided from and to government agencies, nongovernmental
organizations, international organizations, and coalition
partners or allies.
Low-Fidelity
Experiments
- A low-fidelity experiment is one where there is an unknown
or little-trusted knowledge level in the execution or outcome
of the experiment.
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M
Measure
of Effectiveness (MOE)
- Measures of effectiveness are most often subjective indicators
that the outcomes of the "tactical actions" have
achieved, or contributed to achieving the desired effect.
MOE articulate where to look and what to measure in order
to determine if the desired effect has been achieved.
Measure
of Performance (MOP) -
The objective metrics of the "outcomes" of "tactical
actions," MOP are assessed at the component level as
a result of the "tactical actions" performed to
achieve a desired effect, i.e., were the targets hit and what
level of damage was achieved.
Military
Deception
- A component of Information Operations.
Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military
decision makers as to friendly military capabilities, intentions,
and operations, thereby causing the adversary to take specific
actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment
of the friendly mission.
Mission
- 1. The responsibility of the component commander assigned
by the ETO as the supported commander,
who in coordination with supporting component commanders,
will conduct operations to achieve the JFC's
intent and desired effect. 2. The task, together with the
purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and
the reason therefore. The component commander assigns his
tactical units joint tactical actions in coordination with
the tactical units of the supporting component commanders.
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N
Non-Contiguous
Operations - Operations where one or more of the subordinate
operations do not share a common boundary.
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O
Objective
-
The physical object of the actions taken, e.g., a definite
tactical feature, the seizure of holding of which is essential
to the commander's plan. For purposes of RDO
and the description of effects-based philosophy, the term
objective is used in the broader sense of end state rather
than physical objective.
Objective
Force
- The strategically responsive force that will result from
the Army's transformation process. The objective force, capable
of dominating at every point on the spectrum of conflict,
will be characterized by its responsiveness, deployability,
agility, versatility, lethality, survivability, and sustainability.
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
- Information of potential intelligence value that is available
to the general public. See also intelligence.
Operational
Level of War
- The level of war at which campaigns and major operations
are planned, conducted, and sustained to accomplish strategic
objectives within theaters or areas of operations. Activities
at this level link tactics and strategy by establishing operational
objectives needed to accomplish the strategic objectives,
sequencing events to achieve the operational objectives, initiating
actions, and applying resources to bring about and sustain
these events. These activities imply a broader dimension of
time or space than do tactics; they ensure the logistic and
administrative support of tactical forces, and provide the
means by which tactical successes are exploited to achieve
strategic objectives. See also strategic level
of war; tactical level of war.
Operational
Net Assessment (ONA)
- A continuously updated operational support tool that provides
a JTF commander visibility of effects-to-task linkages based
on a "system-of-systems" analysis of a potential
adversary's political, military, economic,
social, infrastructure, and information (PMESII) war-making
capabilities. The ONA informs decision-makers from strategic
to tactical levels regarding the complementary effects and
supporting missions and tasks that can be considered when
applying the full range of diplomatic, information,
military and economic (DIME) actions to achieve specific
effects on an adversary's will and capability in support of
national objectives. ONA is a critical enabler for achieving
rapid decisive operations. It is an integrated, collaborative
product of Department of Defense and other appropriate government
and non-government organizations. Its purpose is to identify
key links and nodes within the adversary's systems and to
propose methods that will influence, neutralize or destroy
them and achieve a desired effect or outcome. Click here
for more information on ONA.
Operational-Level
Effects
- Operational effects influence activities at the operational
level of war and focus on campaigns and operational objectives.
Operations
Order (OPORD)
- A directive issued by the commander to subordinate commanders
for the purpose of affecting the coordinated execution of
an operation.
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P
Physical
Attack - Physical
attack refers to the use of "hard kill" weapons
against designated information related targets as an element
of an integrated IO effort
Plug
- A cell of personnel that provide a specific mission capability
not organic to the SJFHQ.
Political,
Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure, and Information
(PMESII) - Vulnerabilities identified by the ONA.
These are researched as "systems of systems" networks
that can be exploited by effects-based operations to affect
an adversary's war-making/ warfighting will and capability.
Precision
Engagement
- The ability of joint forces to locate, surveil, discern,
and track objectives or targets; select, organize, and use
the correct systems; generate desired effects; assess results;
and reengage with decisive speed and overwhelming operational
tempo as required, throughout the full range of military operations.
Primary
Area of Military Operations (PAMO) -
An area defined and confined as that area in which primary
military action is conducted without restricting the actions
required outside this area to achieve the commander's intent
and mission.
Psychological
Operations -
A component of Information Operations. PSYOP
are actions taken to convey selected information and indicators
to foreign audiences. They are designed to influence emotions,
motives, reasoning, and ultimately, the behavior of the adversary.
Examples of PSYOP include distribution of leaflets, loud-speaker
broadcasts, radio and television broadcasts, and other means
of transmitting information that encourages adversary forces
to defect, desert, flee, or surrender.
Public
Affairs (PA) -
Those public information, command information, and community
relations activities directed toward both the external and
internal publics with interest in the Department of Defense.
PA activities expedite the flow of accurate and timely information
to the internal audience (the SJFHQ and
the JTF) and the external audience (the public). Increasing
availability of this information to these audiences may have
a significant effect on national will, political direction,
and national security objectives and policy. PA activities
will not be used in support of military deception capability
or to provide disinformation to either audience.
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Q
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R
Relevant
Information
- The full range of necessary information about friendly forces,
the enemy, the battlespace, and anything else that affects
operational decision-making.
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S
SharePoint
Portal Server
(SPPS) - An enhanced information management tool, part
of the virtual Collaborative Information Environment
(CIE), streamlining document management for the JTF.
Ship-to-Objective
Maneuver (STOM) - The concept of maneuvering landing
forces directly to objectives ashore in order to avoid the
necessity of establishing a beachhead and avoiding enemy defensive
efforts.
Standing
Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) -
Intended to provide each warfighting joint theater CINC
with a trained and equipped standing, Joint Command and Control
(C2) capability specifically organized to reduce the lag time
involved in setting up a JTF headquarters ready to rapidly
and decisively conduct operations in small-scale contingencies.
Click here for more information
on the SJFHQ.
Strategic-Level
Effects - Strategic effects influence activities at the
strategic level of war and focus on national and multinational
military objectives. Rarely will attacking a single target
directly result in the desired strategic effect. The limited
exceptions to this rule involved such exceptional circumstances
as a successful action against a uniquely irreplaceable center
of gravity.
System
- Any organized assembly of resources and procedures united
and regulated by interaction or interdependence to accomplish
a set of specific functions.
System
of Systems
- A grouping of organized assemblies of resources, methods,
and procedures regulated by interaction or interdependence
to accomplish a set of specific functions. For example, a
"system of systems" could include the economic entities
in a nation such as the banking system, production system,
etc.
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T
Tactical-Level
Effects
- Tactical effects influence activities at the tactical level
of war and focus on battles and engagements to accomplish
military objectives.
Target
- An area, complex, installation, force, equipment, capability,
function or behavior identified for possible action to support
the commander's objectives, guidance, and intent.
Targeting
- The process to detect, select, and prioritize targets; match
the appropriate action; and assess the resulting effects based
on the commander's objective, guidance, and intent. Targeting
is both a joint- and component-level command function that
selects targets, which meet military objectives; determines
desired effects, and selects or tasks the means to achieve
those effects.
Technologies
- 1. The application of science, especially to industrial
or commercial objectives. 2. The scientific method and material
used to achieve a commercial or industrial objective.
Time-Phased
Force and Deployment Data (TPFDD)
- Units to be deployed to support the operation plan with
a priority indicating the desired sequence for their arrival
at the port of debarkation.
Time-Sensitive
Targets (TST)
- Those targets which require immediate response because they
pose (or will soon pose) a clear and present danger to friendly
forces or are highly lucrative, fleeting targets of opportunity.
Transformation
- The creation of a force that is dominant across the full
spectrum of military operations - persuasive in peace, decisive
in war, preeminent in any form of conflict.
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U
Unified
Vision 01
(UV 01) - UV 01 was a major concept-refinement experiment
run by the Joint Experimentation Directorate, US Joint Forces
Command JWFC in May of 2001. Click here
for more information about UV 01.
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V
Virtual
Simulation -
Virtual experiments employ human-in-the-loop simulations.
The prototype virtual simulation is the flight simulator.
In a command and control virtual simulation experiment, a
sensor operator might receive real-time simulated sensor inputs
and makes real-time decisions to launch simulated weapons
against simulated targets.
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W
Working
Group
- Informal, non-standing organizations that are mission-tailored
for a specific event or action. Working Groups provide input
to Centers, Boards,
and Cells.
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