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Background

The Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA) defines environmental justice as the "fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies." Environmental justice is also perceived as an imminent national health issue and is viewed as a critical need to ensure that communities comprised predominantly of people of color or low income populations receive equal protection under environmental laws.

Historically, low income and/or minority communities have been dumping grounds for hazardous waste. Disproportional treatment of this nature, along with other social determinants, has propelled the environmental justice movement to the forefront of national health concerns. Pioneering efforts stemming from community advocates to staunch environmentalists have been instrumental in bringing to light the interconnections between the environment, racial/ethnic differences, income inequities, and human health disparities. Significant factors in what is known as environmental racism include any environmental policy, practice, or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages (whether intended or unintended) individuals, groups, or communities based on race or color.

Over the years, the environmental justice movement has been the primary impetus behind policy development targeting unfair, unjust, and illegal practices. However, despite these achievements, environmental contamination continues and remains a major health and social issue.

Government Information Resources

U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Department of Transportation

National Institute Of Environmental Health Sciences

Federal Statutes, Regulations, and Reports

  Brownfields

The Environmental Protection Agency’s definition of brownfields is: Brownfields are abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination.

Brownfields lie abandoned and often contaminated from past uses. Unused or under-utilized, they are impediments to economic development in rural and urban communities across the United States. Brownfields can potentially cause harm to human health and the environment, reduce employment opportunities and tax revenue, contribute to neighborhood crime such as theft, dumping or other illegal activities, reduce surrounding property value and contribute to neighborhood blight, limit economic growth and development and contribute to urban sprawl.

Definition taken from the Community Environmental Resource Program (CERP), St. Louis, MO.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Non-Governmental Sources

Searches from the National Library of Medicine
TOXLINE Core on PubMed (Current journal literature)
Bibliography, 1990-1997
Environmental Justice Centers
Web Sites of Related Interest
Selected References
Disclaimer: Reference to an external Internet resource on this Server does not constitute a recommendation or endorsement by the National Library of Medicine of the services or views described in that resource.
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