Research Activities

August 2004, No. 288


Contents

About Research Activities

Feature Story

Study uncovers major differences in the use and cost of health care for privately insured men and women with HIV

HIV/AIDS Research
   Hospital costs and length of stay for HIV patients depend in part on geographic area

Women's and Children's Health
   Studies how that obesity affects mammography accuracy and screening rates
   Gastrointestinal disorders are a leading cause of hospitalization in children
   Initial surfactant treatment to prevent respiratory distress in very premature infants is often delayed in routine practice
   Otitis media may not substantially increase risk of delayed speech development in typically developing children
   A disproportionate increase in B-type natriuretic peptide after heart transplant in children may signal organ rejection
   Pediatricians can help promote literacy by encouraging parents to read daily to their young children

Pharmaceutical Research
   One-third of heart failure patients stop taking their prescribed medication within a year of hospital discharge
   Out-of-pocket costs and inconvenient monthly pharmacy visits may be barriers to women's consistent use of oral contraceptives
   Postmarketing drug surveillance could be improved

Patient Safety/Quality of Care
   Medication errors are frequent in the emergency department and often arise from the fast pace and heavy patient load
   Teaching anesthesia during surgery may be a distraction that reduces the vigilance of anesthesia care
   Education and team leadership can improve care for ICU patients on mechanical ventilation
   Residents are more likely to transfer out of nursing homes with low quality of care
   Blacks are more likely than others to be admitted to poor quality nursing homes
   Researchers examine factors affecting the quality of end-of-life care
   Quality assurance programs are more likely to be adopted if they are compatible with the culture of the medical group practice

Elderly Health
   Obese older adults tend to have lower quality of life than those who are normal weight or overweight
   Incontinence alone does not increase risk of death or nursing home admission but is probably a marker of frailty
   Outcomes usually are poor among patients receiving home enteral nutrition from informal caregivers

Clinical Decisionmaking
   Trade-offs and individual preferences should be emphasized when advising patients about dialysis choices
   Researchers examine decision aids for prostate cancer screening and patients' attitudes toward screening and treatment

Health Care Delivery
   Patients of general internists and hospitalists tend to have shorter hospital stays
   Ethnicity, income, and public financing all influence medical safety net providers in large urban communities
   Researchers examine disparities in receipt of preventive care

Primary Care Research
   Hypertension control is greater in U.S. primary care practices than usually reported
   Psychosocial stress in the work environment may play a role in development of alcohol dependence among men

Bioterrorism
   Researchers find insufficient evidence to evaluate how well surveillance systems can detect bioterrorism

Health Care Costs and Financing
   Immunization rates in New Mexico have fallen significantly since the introduction of Medicaid managed care
   Supplemental private insurance affects use of care and outcomes of Medicare patients who have heart attacks

Agency News and Notes
   AHRQ evidence report shows that some programs to increase exercise have lasting effects
   AHRQ limits budget on research and conference grant applications

Announcements
   New tool helps State and local officials identify alternate health care sites for use during a bioterrorism emergency
   New publications now available from AHRQ
   Materials from 2004 AcademyHealth annual research meeting now available online
   Free and fast—Subscribe to AHRQ's Electronic Newsletter!

Research Briefs


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