|
3.1 |
Introduction |
|
3.1.1 |
Research and Development Categorization |
|
3.2 |
Position and Motion |
|
3.2.1 |
Positioning |
|
3.2.2 |
Initial Motion |
|
3.2.3 |
Track Forecasts |
|
3.3 |
Surface Wind Description |
|
3.3.1 |
Intensity Estimate |
|
3.3.2 |
Relationship Between Winds and Pressures |
|
3.3.3 |
Intensity Forecasts |
|
3.3.4 |
Radii of Surface Winds |
|
3.3.5 |
Hurricane/Typhoon Vertical Wind Structure |
|
3.4 |
Synoptic Environment |
|
3.4.1 |
Tropical Analysis |
|
3.4.2 |
Improve Forecasting |
|
3.4.3 |
Tropical Cyclone Genesis |
|
3.4.4 |
Other Model Upgrades |
|
3.5 |
Rainfall |
|
3.5.1 |
Tropical Cyclone-Specific Satellite Rainfall Estimates |
|
3.5.2 |
Other Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Forecasting Techniques |
|
3.6 |
Doppler Radar |
|
3.6.1 |
Develop Algorithms |
|
3.6.2 |
Interpretation of Radar Presentations |
|
3.6.3 |
Data Archiving |
|
3.7 |
Tornadoes |
|
3.8 |
Storm Surge |
|
3.8.1 |
The Coastal Effects of Reefs on Storm Surge |
|
3.9 |
Sea State |
|
3.9.1 |
Estimation |
|
3.9.2 |
Forecasting |
|
3.9.3 |
Coastal Effects |
|
3.10 |
Information and Data Management |
|
3.10.1 |
Data Requirements |
|
3.10.2 |
Damage Assessment |
|
3.10.3 |
Tropical Cyclone Typing |
|
3.10.4 |
Objective Aid Evaluation |
|
3.10.5 |
Global Model Evaluation |
|
3.11 |
Non-meteorological Items |
|
3.11.1 |
Presentation of Information |
|
3.11.2 |
Action Motivation Studies |
|
3.11.3 |
Evacuation Studies |
|
3.11.4 |
Communications |
|
3.11.5 |
Economic Aspects |
|
3.11.6 |
Media Interface |
|
3.11.7 |
Architectural-Engineering Studies |
|
3.11.8 |
Disaster Preparedness in General |
|
3.12 |
Summary of Needed Research by Category |
|
5.1 |
Introduction |
|
5.2 |
Improvements in Motion but Not Intensity
Prediction |
|
5.2.1 |
Motion Forecasts (Atlantic Basin) |
|
5.2.2 |
Motion Forecast (Western North Pacific
Basin) |
|
5.2.3 |
Motion Forecasts (Eastern North Pacific
Basin) |
|
5.2.4 |
Rate of Forecast Improvement |
|
5.2.5 |
Intensity Forecasts |
|
5.3 |
Coastal Hurricane Warnings |
|
5.4 |
Costs Associated with Coastal Hurricane
Warnings |
|
5.5 |
Relationship Between Size of Hurricane
Warning Zones and Forecast Error |
|
5.6 |
Hurricane/Typhoon Warnings for Islands
and Point Locations |
|
5.6.1 |
Costs in the Western North Pacific |
|
5.6.2 |
Costs for Hawaii |
|
5.7 |
Estimates of Minimum Attainable Forecast
Accuracy |
|
5.7.1 |
Estimate from a Statistical Model |
|
5.7.2 |
Estimate from a Dynamical Model |
|
5.8 |
Cost Effectiveness of Continued R&D |
|
5.9 |
Summary and Conclusions |
|
A.1 |
General |
|
A.2 |
U.S. Universities |
|
A.2.1 |
Colorado State University |
|
A.2.2 |
Florida State University |
|
A.2.3 |
Pennsylvania State University |
|
A.2.4 |
U.S. Naval Postgraduate School |
|
A.2.5 |
University of Wisconsin |
|
A.2.6 |
University of Hawaii |
|
A.2.7 |
University of Guam |
|
A.2.8 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
|
A.2.9 |
University of Miami |
|
A.2.10 |
State University of New York at Albany |
|
A.2.11 |
North Carolina State University |
|
A.2.12 |
University of Rhode Island |
|
A.2.13 |
University of South Florida |
|
A.2.14 |
Yale University |
|
A.2.15 |
California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Lab |
|
A.2.16 |
University of Arizona |
|
A.2.17 |
University of Washington |
|
A.2.18 |
Scripps Institute |
|
A.2.19 |
University of Puerto Rico |
|
A.3 |
NOAA Affiliations |
|
A.3.1 |
Hurricane Research Division |
|
A.3.2 |
Tropical Prediction Center |
|
A.3.3 |
National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Environmental
Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC) |
|
A.3.4 |
GFDL |
|
A.3.5 |
NESDIS |
|
A.4 |
DOD Affiliations |
|
A.4.1 |
JTWC |
|
A.4.2 |
Office of Naval Research (ONR) |
|
A.4.3 |
Naval Research Laboratory |
|
A.4.4 |
Air Force Global Weather Center |
|
A.5 |
Other Institutional Affiliations |
|
A.5.1 |
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) |
|
A.5.2 |
NASA |
|
A.6 |
Private Sector |
|
A.7 |
Foreign Universities |
|
A.7.1 |
University of Munich, Germany |
|
A.7.2 |
City University of Hong Kong |
|
A.7.3 |
Monash University/ University of New South Wales |
|
A.7.4 |
Mexico |
|
A.7.5 |
Israel |
|
A.8 |
Foreign Meteorological Services |
|
A.8.1 |
Australia (Bureau of Meteorology Research Center (BMRC), Perth,
Darwin, Brisbane) |
|
A.8.2 |
United Kingdom |
|
A.9 |
Summary of Promising Technology |