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CONTENTS

Goals and Objectives

Case Study and Pretest

Exposure Pathways

Who's At Risk

Biologic Fate

Physiologic Effects

Clinical Evaluation

Treatment and Management

Standards and Regulations

References and Suggested Reading List

Answers to Pretest and Challenge Questions
 

Additional Sources of Information

Continuing Education Registration



 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

Case Studies in Environmental Medicine 

Radiation Exposure
From Iodine 131

 

References and Suggested Reading List
  A - H I - Z

References and Suggested Reading List

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1993a. Case studies in environmental medicine: ionizing radiation. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1993b. Case studies in environmental medicine: reproductive and developmental hazards. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1999. Toxicological profile for ionizing radiation. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2001. Case studies in environmental medicine: taking an exposure history. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2001. Health risk communication training manual. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2001. Toxicological profile for iodine. Draft for public comment. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2002. Case studies in environmental medicine: pediatric and environmental health. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Anderson DM, Marsh TL, Deonigi DA. 1996. Developing historical food production and consumption data for 131I dose estimates: the Hanford experience. Health Phys 71(4):578-87.

Arndt D, Mehnert WH, Franke AG, Woller P, Laude G, Rockel A, et al. 1994. Radioiodine therapy during an unknown remained pregnancy and radiation exposure of the fetus. A case report [in German]. Strahlenther Onkol 170:408-14.

Astakhova LN, Anspaugh LR, Beebe GW, Bouville A, Drozdovitch VV, Garber V. 1998. Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer in children of Belarus: a case-control study. Radiat Res 150(3):349-56.

Ayala C, Navarro E, Rodriguez JR, Silva H, Venegas E, Astorga R. 1998. Conception after iodine 131 therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 8:1009-11.

Barrington SF, O'Doherty MJ, Kettle AG, Thomson WH, Mountford PJ, Burrell DN, et al. 1999. Radiation exposure of the families of outpatients treated with radioiodine (I-131) for hyperthyroidism. Eur J Nucl Med 26(7):682-9.

Baum A, Gatchel RJ, Schaeffer MA. 1983. Emotional, behavioral, and physiological effects of chronic stress at Three Mile Island. J Consult Clin Psychol 51(4):565-72.

Beckers C. 1997. Regulations and policies on radioiodine 131I therapy in Europe. Thyroid 7(2):221-4.

Bengtsson G. 1987. Radiation doses in Europe after the Chernobyl accident. Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 4(3-4):133-7.

Beno M, Mikulkecky M, Hrabina J. 1992. Transfer factor of 131I from the fallout to human thyroid dose equivalent after the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Environ Biophys 31(2):133-9.

Bleuer JP, Averkin YI, Abelin T. 1997. Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer: what evidence for role of short-lived iodine Environ Health Perspect 105(suppl 6):1483-6.

Boigon M, Moyer D. 1995. Solitary thyroid nodules. Separating benign from malignant conditions. Postgrad Med 98(2):73-4, 77-80.

Carpi A, Nicolini A, Sagripanti A. 1999. Protocols for the preoperative selection of palpable thyroid nodules: review and progress. Am J Clin Oncol 22(5):499-504.

Castronovo FP Jr. 1999. Teratogen update: radiation and Chernobyl. Teratology 60(2):100-6.

Cate S, Ruttenber AJ, Conklin AW. 1990. Feasibility of an epidemiologic study of thyroid neoplasia in persons exposed to radionuclides from the Hanford nuclear facility between 1944 and 1956. Health Phys 59(2):
169-78.

Ceccarelli C, Battisti P, Gasperi M, Fantuzzi E, Pacini F, Gualdrini G, et al. 1999. Radiation dose to the testes after 131I therapy for ablation of postsurgical thyroid remnant in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 40(10):1716-21.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. The Hanford thyroid disease study draft final report. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services. Available from URL: www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/hanford/summary.pdf.Exiting the ATSDR Web Site

Committee on the Assessment of Health Consequences in Exposed Populations. 1987. Health and environmental consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Washington: US Department of Energy.

Committee on Thyroid Screening Related to I-131 Exposure, Institute of Medicine, and Committee on Exposure of the American People to I-131 from the Nevada Atomic Bomb Tests, National Research Council. 1999. Exposure of the American people to iodine-131 from Nevada nuclear-bomb tests: Review of the National Cancer Institute Report and Public Health Implications. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. p 4.

Congressional testimony 1998. Testimony of Barry L. Johnson, PhD, assistant surgeon general. Hearings before the Subcomm. on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the US Senate, 105th Cong., 2nd Sess.

Covello VT. 1995. Risk perception and communication. Can J Public Health 86(2):78-82.

Dadak C, Kosian K, Rauscher G, Hefner A, Steger F. 1989. Exposure to radioactivity in the perinatal period following the nuclear accident in Chernobyl [in German]. Gebursthilfe Frauenheilkd 49(2):169-71.

Dalager NA, Kang HK Mahan CM. 2000. Cancer mortality among the highest exposed US atmospheric nuclear test participants. J Occup Environ Med 42(8):798-805.

De Vathaire F, Hardiman C, Shamsaldin A, Campbell S, Grimaud E, Hawkins M, et al. 1999. Thyroid carcinoma after irradiation for a first cancer during childhood. Arch Intern Med 159(22):2713-9.

De Vathaire F, Le Vu B, Vathaire CC. 2000. Thyroid cancer in French Polynesia between 1985 and 1995: influence of atmospheric nuclear bomb tests performed at Moruroa and Fangataufa between 1966 and 1974. Cancer Causes Control 11(1):59-63.

Dohrenwend BP, Dohrenwend BS, Warheit GS, Bartlett GS, Goldsteen RL, Goldsteen K, et al. 1981. Stress in the community: a report to the President's Commission on the accident at Three Mile Island. Ann N Y Acad Sci 265:159-174.

[EPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Federal guidance report no. 11: limiting values of radionuclide intake and air concentration and dose conversion factors for inhalation, submersion, and ingestion. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. Report No.: EPA-5201/1-88-020.

[EPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. National primary drinking water regulations: radionuclides; final rule. 40CFR141. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.

Farahati J, Demidchik EP, Biko J, Reiners C. 2000. Inverse association between age at the time of radiation exposure and extent of disease in cases of radiation-induced childhood thyroid carcinoma in Belarus. Cancer 88(6):1470-6.

Farris WT, Napier BA, Ikenberry TA, Shipler DB. 1996. Radiation doses from Hanford Site releases to the atmosphere and the Columbia River. Health Phys 71(4):588-601.

Food and Drug Administration. 1998. Accidental radioactive contamination of human food and animal feeds: recommendations for state and local agencies. Rockville (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services.

Food and Drug Administration. 2001. Guidance: potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in radiation emergencies. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Friedman MJ, Charney DS, Deutch AY, editors. 1995. Neurobiological and clinical consequences of stress: from normal adaptation to post-traumatic stress disorder. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.

Frohmberg E, Goble R, Sanchez V, Quigley D. 2000. The assessment of radiation exposure in Native American communities from nuclear weapons testing in Nevada. Risk Anal 20(1):101-11.

Fujiwara S, Sposto R, Shiraki M, Yokoyama N, Sasaki H, Kodama K, et al. 1994. Levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in serum among atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Res 137(1):96-103.

Galle PR, Masse R, editors. 1982. Radionuclide metabolism and toxicity. Paris: Masson.

Gharib H. 1994. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: advantages, limitations, and effect. Mayo Clin Proc 69(1):44-9.

Gilbert ES, Tarone R, Bouville A, Ron E. 1998. Thyroid cancer rates and 131I doses from Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests. J Natl Cancer Inst 90(21):1654-60.

Gilbert ES, Fix JJ, Baumgartner WV. 1996. An approach to evaluating bias and uncertainty in estimates of external dose obtained from personal dosimeters. Health Phys 70(3):336-45.

Gilbert RO, Mart EL, Denham DH, Strenge DL, Miley TB. 1996. Uncertainty of historical measurements of 131I in Hanford-area vegetation. Health Phys 70(2):160-70.

Goldsmith JR, Grossman CM, Morton WE, Nussbaum RH, Kordysh EA, Quastel MR, et al. 1999. Juvenile hypothyroidism among two populations exposed to radioiodine. Environ Health Perspect 107(4):303-8.

Gouseev IA, Moiseev AA, Evtikiev VI. 1996. Accidental internal exposure of all groups of Chernobyl nuclear power plant employers. Proceedings of the 1996 International Congress of Radiation Protection (IRPA 9). Paris: Fontenay-aux-Roses. Vol. 4. p. 580-2.

Greenspan FS. 1997. The thyroid gland. In: Greenspan FS, Strewler GJ, editors. Basic and clinical endocrinology. 5th edition. Stamford (CT): Appleton & Lange. p. 192-262.

Grigsby PW, Siegel BA, Baker S, Eichling JO. 2000. Radiation exposure from outpatient radioactive iodine (131I) therapy for thyroid carcinoma. JAMA 283(17):2272-4.

Grossman CM, Morton WE, Nussbaum RH. 1996. Hypothyroidism and spontaneous abortions among Hanford, Washington, downwinders. Arch Environ Health 51(3):175-6.

Hall P, Mattsson A, Boice JD Jr. 1996. Thyroid cancer after diagnostic administration of iodine-131. Radiat Res 145(1):86-92.

Heeb CM, Gydesen SP, Simpson JC, Bates DJ. 1996. Reconstruction of radionuclide releases from the Hanford Site, 1944-1972. Health Phys 71(4):545-5.

Henriques WD, Spengler RF. 1999. Locations around the Hanford Nuclear Facility where average milk consumption by children in 1945 would have resulted in an estimated median iodine-131 dose to the thyroid of 10 rad or higher. J Public Health Manag Pract 5(2):35-6.

Hundahl SA. 1998. Perspective: National Cancer Institute summary report about estimated exposures and thyroid doses received from iodine 131 in fallout after Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests. CA Cancer J Clin 48(5):285-98.


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This page last updated on January 16, 2004
Wilma López / wbl8@cdc.gov
 

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