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Drug Situation: Marijuana, methamphetamine, diverted pharmaceutical drugs, and cocaine continue to be the primary drug threats in the state of Kentucky. The Eastern Kentucky region in particular has been a primary source of marijuana cultivation, especially the Daniel Boone National Forest. In 2003, 522,957 marijuana plants were eradicated in Kentucky, according to the Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. Though Kentucky is the site of large-scale marijuana cultivation, most of the marijuana produced in the state is exported to markets in other states, including Illinois, Ohio, New York, California, Texas, Pennsylvania and Washington D.C. Methamphetamine is a dramatically increasing threat throughout Kentucky. Law enforcement authorities in Kentucky see this as an "exploding" trend much the same as crack cocaine several years ago. Though methamphetamine manufacturing activity in Kentucky consists mostly of small, unsophisticated clandestine laboratories producing limited amounts of methamphetamine, this activity is expected to expand rapidly in the near future in terms of both the number of labs and their size/sophistication. After marijuana, cocaine is the primary drug seized in Kentucky. The limited competition in remote areas makes the small communities of Eastern Kentucky immensely popular and profitable for cocaine trafficking organizations from major metropolitan areas. Additionally, urban areas such as Lexington and Louisville are used as transshipment points for cocaine en route from the southwest border to markets in the Northeastern U.S. Finally, several counties in eastern Kentucky lead the nation in terms of grams of narcotic pain medications distributed on a per capita basis. Aside from marijuana cultivation and trafficking, the trafficking and illicit usage of prescription drugs in the area may be the most significant current drug threat facing the residents of Eastern Kentucky.
Diverted Pharmaceutical Drugs: The illicit use of prescription drugs throughout Kentucky is perhaps the most underestimated of its drug problems. During 2003, 19,366 dosage units of diverted pharmaceutical drugs were seized by HIDTA-participating agencies in Kentucky. Nevertheless, this seizure rate does not indicate fully the seriousness of the impact of the illicit use and trafficking of prescription drugs in the area. Counties in eastern Kentucky lead the nation in terms of grams of narcotic pain medications distributed on a per capita basis. Aside from marijuana cultivation and trafficking, the trafficking and illicit usage of prescription drugs in the area may be the most significant current drug threat within the Appalachia HIDTA. Investigative agencies in Kentucky target physicians who prescribe medication to abusers who "doctor shop." These physicians often overcharge the Medicare and Medicaid programs as well as private insurance agencies. The "patients" sell the controlled substances on the street for enormous profits, and abuse the substances themselves. The abuse and trafficking of diverted pharmaceutical drugs profoundly affect nearly all facets of life for residents of Eastern Kentucky, including local politics. The large demand for these substances, combined with the vast profit potential offered by illicit drug distribution, has lead to significant political corruption and voting fraud at the county and city levels. "What it takes to get the attention of some voters now is no longer a case of beer or $10 or $15. Now it's a handful of OxyContin," says Lori Daniel, an Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney. In Kentucky, between January 2000 and May 2001, the Kentucky State Medical Examiner's (ME's) Office identified the presence of oxycodone in the bodies of 69 individuals who died. Toxic oxycodone levels were reported in 36 of the 69 deaths. According to the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1.4 percent of admissions to U.S. drug treatment facilities in 1999 resulted from the abuse of "other opiates," i.e., narcotic drugs other than heroin. During that same year, 1.8 percent of drug treatment admissions statewide in Kentucky resulted from the abuse of these substances. A regional newspaper, The Lexington Herald-Leader, surveyed five eastern Kentucky substance abuse treatment centers, which reported a 288 percent increase in the number of narcotics abusers seeking treatment from 1998 through 2001. These figures are substantially greater than the national average. Diverted pharmaceutical drugs are also becoming the primary cause of DUI arrests in some Eastern Kentucky counties. In 2000, three eastern Kentucky counties, Clay, Laurel, and Martin, reported more DUI charges resulting from drugs than alcohol. Oxycontin: OxyContin has emerged as the most serious pharmaceutical drug threat in Eastern Kentucky. A 12-hour time-released variant of the generic opioid oxycodone, OxyContin is available in strengths ranging from 10 to 80 milligrams, each tablet of which is sold illicitly at a street value of approximately $2.50 per milligram (over ten times the drug's legitimate purchase price). OxyContin is a Schedule II narcotic normally prescribed as an analgesic for cancer and severe arthritis patients. Extremely addictive, it causes confusion, euphoria, light-headedness and sedation. The tablets are often crushed or melted, then snorted or injected, bypassing the time-release mechanism so that the entire dosage enters the bloodstream simultaneously, often with deadly results. OxyContin addiction is the root cause of a range of criminal activity in the Eastern Kentucky such as robbery, theft, assault, and various types of prescription fraud. In recent years, Kentucky and West Virginia have seen an alarming increase in pharmacy robberies and thefts (see table above). In many cases the perpetrators ignored the cash, interested only in obtaining OxyContin tablets. The availability of OxyContin appears to be diminishing in Kentucky, as evidenced by the recent rise in the street price from $1.00 to approximately $2.00 per milligram. Investigators in Eastern Kentucky note an increasing incidence of OxyContin being imported into the state from Mexico, where local traffickers obtain (legal) prescriptions from Mexican doctors, then carry the maximum allowable quantity across the border for distribution in the Appalachia HIDTA. Anecdotal information from across the nation, and especially from the states surrounding Kentucky such as Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania, suggests that OxyContin abusers may switch to heroin and/or methadone in response to a diminished availability of OxyContin in a given region. This trend is beginning to manifest itself in Kentucky, with regional doctors increasingly prescribing methadone in lieu of OxyContin for pain management.
DEA Regional Enforcement Teams: This program was designed to augment existing DEA division resources by targeting drug organizations operating in the United States where there is a lack of sufficient local drug law enforcement. This Program was conceived in 1999 in response to the threat posed by drug trafficking organizations that have established networks of cells to conduct drug trafficking operations in smaller, non-traditional trafficking locations in the United States. Nationwide, there have been 22 deployments completed resulting in 608 arrests of drug trafficking criminals as of February 2004. There have been no RET deployments in the State of Kentucky. More information about the Detroit Division Office. Factsheet last updated: 2/2004 |
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