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Ethics
Ethical issues are important for all health professionals. Included here are links to
standards and codes of ethics for various health professions and information on bioethics.
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Publications
 Bioethics Resources on the Web -
National Institutes of Health
National Bioethics
Advisory Commission -- Publications
Search Tips for
Bioethics at NLM (PubMed and LOCATORplus)
Organizations
Ethical, Legal, and Social
Issues --Genome Research
U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical
Information Service
National
Reference Center for Bioethics Literature
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Publications
American
Academy of Physician Assistants, Mission Statement and Code of Ethics
American
Counseling Association Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice
American
Psychological Association Code of Ethics
Code
of Ethics for Nurses
Code of
Ethics for the Health Education Profession
Code of Ethics for the
Profession of Dietetics
Code of
Ethics of the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS)
eHealth Code of Ethics
Ethics
and the Care of Critically Ill Infants and Children (RE9624)
Guidelines for Ethical Conduct for
the Physician Assistant Profession
Making
the Right Choices: The Code of Medical Ethics Online Curriculum
Web sites
American Medical Association
Ethics
Organizations
American Medical Association
(Ethics) Ethics Resource Center
Council on Ethical and Judicial
Affairs (CEJA) American Medical Association 515 N. State Street Chicago, IL 60610
312-464-4823 ceja@ama-assn.org
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Publications
To Err Is Human: Building a
Safer Health System
Health Care: Medical Errors
and Patient Safety Subdirectory Page
Medication Errors
Translating Research Into
Practice: Reducing Errors in Health Care
Educate
Before You Medicate: Knowledge is the Best Medicine
Practitioner Reporting :
Medication Errors Reporting Program
State Medical
Board Contacts
The Challenge
of Assessing Patient Safety in America's Hospitals
Web sites
Medical Errors and Patient
Safety
Organizations
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ)
Center for Drug Evaluation and
Research, FDA
American Hospital
Association
Federation of State
Medical Board of the United States
Institute For Safe
Medication Practices
Institute of Medicine
National Patient Safety
Foundation
NCPIE National
Council on Patient Information and Education
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Publications
Fact Sheet -
HHS Issues First Major Protections for Patient Privacy
Medical Privacy -
National Standards to Protect the Privacy of Personal Health Information
Privacy
Protection for Research Subjects "Certificates of Confidentiality"
Confidentiality of Patient
Records
Guidelines for the Clinical
Use of Electronic Mail with Patients
Web sites
Administrative
Simplification: Privacy and Security
National Standards to Protect the
Privacy of Personal Health Information
The National Committee on Vital Health
Statistics
U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services Privacy Committee
Organizations
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Office for Civil Rights, HHS
Health Privacy
Project
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Medical Errors
In November 1999, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a report focusing on
preventable health care-related injuries. The report states that medical errors are
responsible for injury in as many as 1 out of every 25 hospital patients; an estimated
48,000 - 98,000 patients die from medical errors each year; errors in health care have
been estimated to cost more than $5 million per year in a large teaching hospital; and
preventable health care-related injuries cost the economy from $17 to $29 billion each
year. A major federal initiative has been launched to reduce medical errors and improve
patient safety in federally funded health care programs, and by example and partnership in
the private sector.
Medical Privacy
The privacy, confidentiality and security of health and medical information have always
been of concern to consumers. With the advent of telehealth technologies and the
collection, storage and online availability of health information, these concerns are
magnified. As the availability and variety of interactive health applications grow,
consumer confidence about developers' ability or intent to ensure privacy will be
challenged. In the near future, personal health information will be collected during both
clinical and non-clinical encounters in disparate settings, such as schools, mobile
clinics, public places, and homes, and will be made available for administrative,
financial, clinical, and research purposes. Policies and procedures to protect privacy
will need to ensure a balance between confidentiality and appropriate access to personal
health information.
There is no comprehensive federal law concerning the protection of privacy
of health information at this time. However, certain health care providers, health plans,
and health care clearinghouses are covered under a new federal regulation, "Standards
for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information." The compliance date for
the regulation is April 14, 2003 for most entities covered under the regulation.
The new regulation arose from the privacy provisions of the federal law,
the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which apply to
health information created or maintained by health care providers who engage in certain
electronic transactions, health plans, and health care clearinghouses. The Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) issued the regulation regarding privacy standards
applicable to entities covered by HIPAA.
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