(fa-LO-pee-in)
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Part of the female reproductive tract. There are two long slender fallopian tubes through which eggs pass from the ovaries to the uterus. |
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A test result that indicates that a person does not have a specific disease or condition when the person actually does have the disease or condition. |
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A test result that indicates that a person has a specific disease or condition when the person actually does not have the disease or condition. |
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(ad-in-O-mut-us pah-li-PO-sis)
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FAP. An inherited condition in which numerous polyps (growths that protrude from mucous membranes) form on the inside walls of the colon and rectum. It increases the risk for colorectal cancer. Also called familial polyposis. |
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FAMMM syndrome. An inherited condition marked by the following: (1) one or more first- or second-degree relatives (parent, sibling, child, grandparent, grandchild, aunt, or uncle) with malignant melanoma; (2) many moles, some of which are atypical (asymmetrical, raised, and/or different shades of tan, brown, black, or red) and often of different sizes; and (3) moles that have specific features when examined under a microscope. FAMMM syndrome increases the risk of melanoma and may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. |
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Cancer that occurs in families more often than would be expected by chance. These cancers often occur at an early age, and may indicate the presence of a gene mutation that increases the risk of cancer. They may also be a sign of shared environmental or lifestyle factors. |
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(fa-MI-lee-yul dis-PLAS-tik NEE-vye)
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A condition that runs in certain families in which at least two members have dysplastic nevi (atypical moles) and have a tendency to develop melanoma. |
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(pah-li-PO-sis)
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An inherited condition in which numerous polyps (growths that protrude from mucous membranes) form on the inside walls of the colon and rectum. It increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Also called familial adenomatous polyposis or FAP. |
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A record of a person's current and past illnesses, and those of his or her parents, brothers, sisters, children, and other family members. A family history shows the pattern of certain diseases in a family, and helps to determine risk factors for those and other diseases. |
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Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome. An inherited condition marked by the following: (1) one or more first- or second-degree relatives (parent, sibling, child, grandparent, grandchild, aunt, or uncle) with malignant melanoma; (2) many moles, some of which are atypical (asymmetrical, raised, and/or different shades of tan, brown, black, or red) and often of different sizes; and (3) moles that have specific features when examined under a microscope. FAMMM syndrome increases the risk of melanoma and may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. |
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A rare and often fatal inherited disease in which the bone marrow fails to produce red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, or a combination of these cells. The disease may transform into myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia. Also called Fanconi's syndrome. |
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A rare and often fatal inherited disease in which the bone marrow fails to produce red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, or a combination of these cells. The disease may transform into myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia. Also called Fanconi anemia. |
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Familial adenomatous polyposis. An inherited condition in which numerous polyps (growths that protrude from mucous membranes) form on the inside walls of the colon and rectum. It increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Also called familial polyposis. |
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A condition marked by extreme tiredness and inability to function due lack of energy. Fatigue may be acute or chronic. |
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A major component of fats that is used by the body for energy and tissue development. |
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A term used in mammography that refers to the replacement of breast tissue with fatty tissue. This commonly occurs as a woman ages. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. |
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(FEE-kal in-KAHN-tih-nens)
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Inability to hold stool in the rectum. |
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(FEE-kul o-KULT)
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FOBT. A test to check for blood in stool. (Fecal refers to stool; occult means hidden.) |
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A drug being studied for cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. |
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A narcotic opioid drug that is used in the treatment of pain. |
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(FER-tul)
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Able to produce children. |
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(fer-TIL-i-tee)
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The ability to produce children. |
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(FEET-us)
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The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. |
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The parts of fruits and vegetables that cannot be digested. Also called bulk or roughage. Fiber may be effective in preventing cancer. |
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A type of surgical glue that is made from human blood-clotting proteins, and that is used during surgery to control bleeding. |
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A connective tissue cell that makes and secretes collagen proteins. |
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(FYE-broyd)
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A benign smooth-muscle tumor, usually in the uterus or gastrointestinal tract. Also called leiomyoma. |
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A condition in which multiple fibromas develop. Fibromas are tumors (usually benign) that affect connective tissue. |
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A type of soft tissue sarcoma that begins in fibrous tissue, which holds bones, muscles, and other organs in place. |
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The growth of fibrous tissue. |
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Containing or resembling fibers. |
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The main sensory nerve of the head and face, and the motor nerve of the muscles used in chewing. Also called the trigeminal nerve. |
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A colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). It is a cytokine that belongs to the family of drugs called hematopoietic (blood-forming) agents. Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). |
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A substance that is being studied for its ability to increase numbers of white blood cells in people who are receiving chemotherapy. It belongs to the family of drugs called colony-stimulating factors. Also called pegfilgrastim. |
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An inactive substance used to make a product bigger or easier to handle. For example, fillers are often used to make pills or capsules because the amount of active drug is too small to be handled conveniently. |
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(fi-NAS-ta-ride)
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A drug used to reduce the amount of male hormone (testosterone) produced by the body. |
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(as-per-AY-shun)
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The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called needle biopsy. |
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The first type of therapy given for a condition or disease. |
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An antibiotic/antifungal drug used to treat infection. |
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A member of a group of substances found in many plants and plant-based foods. Flavonoids have shown antioxidant effects. |
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A substance that is being studied as an anticancer drug. It belongs to the family of drugs called flavanoids. |
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The seed of the flax plant. It is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acid, fiber, and a compound called lignin. It is being studied in the prevention of prostate cancer. Also called linseed. |
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A drug that is used to treat abnormal heart rhythms. It may also relieve neuropathic pain, the burning, stabbing, or stinging pain that may arise from damage to nerves caused by some types of cancer or cancer treatment. |
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A method of measuring the number of cells in a sample, the percentage of live cells in a sample, and certain characteristics of cells, such as size, shape, and the presence of tumor markers on the cell surface. The cells are stained with a light-sensitive dye, placed in a fluid, and passed in a stream before a laser or other type of light. The measurements are based on how the light-sensitive dye reacts to the light. |
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A drug that is used in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. |
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A drug that increases the number of immune cells and may stimulate the immune system to kill cancer cells. |
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A drug that treats infections caused by fungi. |
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A drug that treats infections caused by fungi. |
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. |
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The radioactive form of glucose used in positron emission tomography (PET), a diagnostic imaging procedure. |
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A synthetic corticosteroid. It is used to replace steroid hormones normally produced by the adrenal gland. |
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A substance that helps prevent tooth decay. Fluoride may be naturally present in or may be added to drinking water. It may also be applied to the teeth in a gel, toothpaste, or a rinse. |
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One of a group of substances used to treat cancer. Fluoropyrimidines belong to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. Examples are capecitabine, floxuridine, and fluorouracil (5-FU). |
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(FLOOR-o-skope)
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An x-ray machine that makes it possible to see internal organs in motion. |
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(floor-AHS-ko-pee)
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An x-ray procedure that makes it possible to see internal organs in motion. |
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(floor-o-YOOR-a-sil)
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A drug that is used as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. Also called 5-FU. |
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A drug used to treat depression. It belongs to the family of drugs called antidepressants. |
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(FLOO-ta-mide)
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiandrogens. |
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Fecal occult blood test. A test to check for blood in stool. (Fecal refers to stool; occult means hidden.) |
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In terms of cancer, limited to a specific area. |
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A B-complex vitamin that is being studied as a cancer prevention agent. Also called folic acid. |
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A substance that blocks the activity of folic acid. Folate antagonists are used to treat cancer. Also called antifolate. |
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An abbreviation for a type of combination chemotherapy that is used to treat colorectal cancer. It includes fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin. |
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A B-complex vitamin that is being studied as a cancer prevention agent. Also called folate. |
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(FOL-i-kul)
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A sac or pouch-like cavity.
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(fo-LIK-yu-ler large cell lim-FO-ma)
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A rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) with large cells that look cleaved (split) or non-cleaved under the microscope. It is an indolent (slow-growing) type of lymphoma. |
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(fo-LIK-yu-ler mixed cell lim-FO-ma)
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An indolent (slow-growing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) in which there are both small and large cancer cells. |
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(fo-LIK-yu-ler THIGH-royd)
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Cancer that develops from cells in the follicular areas of the thyroid. One of the slow-growing, highly treatable types of thyroid cancer. |
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Monitoring a person's health over time after treatment. This includes keeping track of the health of people who participate in a clinical study or clinical trial for a period of time, both during the study and after the study ends. |
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(for-MAL-duh-hide)
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A chemical used in manufacturing
and chemical industries, and as a preservative by anatomists, embalmers, and
pathologists. Being exposed to formaldehyde may increase the risk of
developing leukemia and brain cancer.
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called depsipeptides. |
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Dividing the total dose of radiation therapy into several smaller, equal doses delivered over a period of several days. |
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A highly reactive chemical that often contains oxygen and is produced when molecules are split to give products that have unpaired electrons (a process called oxidation). Free radicals can damage important cellular molecules such as DNA or lipids or other parts of the cell. |
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A method used to dry substances, such as food, to make them last longer. The substance is frozen and then dried in a vacuum. |
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(ful-gyoor-AY-shun)
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Destroying tissue using an electric current. |
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(fool-VES-trant)
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A drug that is used to treat breast cancer. Fulvestrant blocks the effects of the hormone estrogen in the body. It belongs to the family of drugs called antiestrogens. |
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A noninvasive tool used to observe functioning in the brain or other organs by detecting changes in chemical composition, blood flow, or both. |
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The larger part of a hollow organ that is farthest away from the organ's opening. The bladder, gallbladder, stomach, uterus, eye, and cavity of the middle ear all have a fundus. |
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A type of skin lesion that is marked by ulcerations (breaks on the skin or surface of an organ) and necrosis (death of living tissue) and that usually has a bad smell. This kind of lesion may occur in many types of cancer, including breast cancer, melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, and especially in advanced disease. |
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A plant-like organism that does not make chlorophyll. Mushrooms, yeasts, and molds are examples. The plural is fungi. |
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A protein created by joining two genes together. Fusion proteins may occur naturally or can be created in the laboratory for research. |
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