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Statement by
Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr.
U.S. Navy (Ret.)
Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere
Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
to the Executive Council of the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
Paris, June 10, 2002
Chairman Su; Executive Secretary Bernal; Delegates; ladies and
gentlemen, it is a pleasure for me to be here today to address
the 35th Session of the Executive Council of the IOC.
All of us here today know that
ocean issues inherently transcend national boundaries. Consequently,
we also know that we must collaborate in our effortsif
we are to succeed in observing, understanding, assessing, and
ultimately forecasting oceanic conditions. As Administrator of
NOAA, and from my previous positions as President of the Consortium
for Oceanographic Research and Education, and in the Navy, I
am keenly aware of the importance of working collaboratively
with partners from around the world to address ocean issues.
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission is an essential
partner in facilitating and coordinating those efforts.
In February, President Bush
came to NOAA to announce the Clear Skies and Global Climate Change
Initiatives. He directed the Secretary of Commerce, working with
other U.S. agencies, to review current investments in climate
change research, to prepare a comprehensive plan for the futureincluding
the setting of priorities, and to improve coordination among
the federal agencies. The United States will also provide matching
resources to build climate observing systems in developing countries,
and encourage other developed nations to match our commitment.
The President's budget proposal
for our next fiscal year includes $18 million in new climate
research funding for NOAA, out of a total of $40 million across
the federal agencies. An essential elementabout $8 million,
half atmospheric and half oceanicis for NOAA to improve
the global observing system. This Presidential Initiative for
better science, with improved observations as a first step, will
provide the information necessary to formulate sound policy decisions.
I strongly believe that NOAA
is the right agency to take a leadership role within the United
States, but we know full well that we cannot do this alone. The
global observation effort for climate is far too enormous for
one organization, or even one country, to undertake alone. We
must work together.
Perhaps the greatest challenge
is to develop one integrated observation plan for the ocean,
atmosphere, and land which everyone can support. The Global Climate
Observing System (GCOS) and Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS),
working with the Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS)
Partners and others, have developed international consensus on
overall needs. There is, however, much work still to be done.
This challenge lies in our
ability to provide one coherent plan which integrates space and
in-situ observations across those three elements. The IGOS Partners,
of which the IOC is a member, is one body trying to meet this
challenge. Focusing on the ocean, we need one plan which all
organizations can support; this plan would set priorities, so
that we can work together to secure the necessary funds and proceed
with implementation. International organizations, such as the
IOC and WMO, are the logical places to help facilitate this process,
and their new Joint Technical Commission on Oceanography and
Marine Meteorology represents a giant step forward in our potential
ability to integrate plans for implementation.
A fully implemented global
observing system for climate will give us the tools we need to
take "the pulse of the planet." And, the full and
open sharing of data between nations is an essential part of
this effortincluding making the data available within sufficient
time to be of operational use.
Last month, the United States
released a forecast of the coming El Nino event. The fact that
we can make such forecasts is a tribute to international cooperation
in improving our collective understanding of the ocean and its
contribution to weather and climate. Our ability to make this
forecast is dependent on data from an array of moored buoys spanning
the Tropical Pacific, combined with those collected by satellite.
These forecasts can have significant economic benefits, and we
will hear about that from subsequent speakers in this session.
We are already collaborating
with partners within the IOC, actively deploying the Argo buoy
array globally. Argo, together with satellite altimetry, will
extend our operational coverage beyond the tropical Pacific to
include other El Nino-like phenomena, thus laying the basis for
further improvements in forecasting.
Half of the Initiative's $8
million for NOAA to improve the global observing system, which
I mentioned earlier, will be for ocean observations. Most of
this will be invested to raise the U.S. contribution to the Argo
float array from one-third to one-half. This will support the
Global Ocean Data Assimilation ExperimentGODAE, which in
turn will support operational oceanography, seasonal to decadal
climate forecasts and analyses, and real-time marine weather
and ocean forecasting.
Although I have focused on
climate, I must emphasize that the operational Global Ocean Observing
System will be multi-purpose, serving many needs beyond climate.
It is the first step toward implementation of an oceanographic
analogue to the meteorologist's operational observing systemthe
World Weather Watch. Our system will contribute to our understanding
of physical/chemical/biological cycles on a basin-wide scale,
and their link to sustainable fisheries and ecosystem management.
It will also contribute to our understanding and predictive
capability for the coastal ocean.
As the world's population is
increasingly clustered along our coasts, we must pay even more
attention to the coastal environment. It is clear that sustainable
development and poverty alleviation globally will depend to a
large degree on how we pursue our stewardship of the world's
oceans, coasts, and fisheries, and how we invest in improving
our understanding of theman understanding which critically
depends on good atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial observations.
New ecosystem forecasting tools
that can be derived from the coastal components of an ocean observing
system will support management strategies to help ensure we balance
economic growth with environmental protection.
A sustained, integrated ocean
observing system is important to maintaining and improving the
management of living marine resources, such as our world's fisheries.
The connection between ocean observing systems and the economy
is probably most obvious and immediate as it relates to fisheries.
Understanding and predicting changes in ocean circulation will
allow managers to respond to associated shifts in populations
or stock abundance. The accuracy and timeliness of predictions
of annual fluctuations in spawning stock size, distribution,
recruitment and sustainable yield for exploitable fish stocks
is critical to appropriately managing living marine resources.
In April, I represented the
United States at the APEC Oceans Ministerial Meeting in Seoul.
The Ministers discussed a wide range of oceans issues, and importantly,
committed to improve ocean observing systems in the region and
globally.
During this trip to Europe,
I am meeting with representatives of numerous agencies and organizations
to discuss opportunities for cooperation and meeting shared objectives.
Tomorrow I will have the pleasure of speaking at the opening
session of the WMO Executive Council.
The WMO and the IOC represent
two of the major players in global observing systems, leading
the establishment of atmospheric and oceanic elements of a comprehensive
global system. While it is most critical that we all agree on
one plan for that observing system, there are a number of scientifically
defensible oceanic elements which we could agree on now. As examples
of what I am talking about, and in no order of priority, these
could include:
- Sustained funding for 3,000
Argo floats; much of present funding is via research proposals
- A system of long-term, fixed
climate observatories to complement Argo
- 1250 surface drifters; we
only have ~700 now
- 35,000 XBTs per year; we only
deploy ~24,000 now
- Sustained funding for the
PIRATA moored array; present funding is via research proposals
- An initial moored array for
the Indian Ocean
- The full GLOSS core network
of 270 sea level stations; we only have ~180 operating today
- A continuing series of TOPEX/Poseidon
& Jason-class satellite altimeters
- A continuing two-satellite
series with a capability to observe surface wind vectors; we
only have one now
Working together, we can establish
within this decade critical elements of the Global Climate
Observing System which are of special importance to the IOC.
I urge the representatives here to work together to pursue partnerships
in establishing observing systems, to assist countries to build
the capacity to participate, and to use this opportunity to move
the world closer toward the goal of implementing a global observing
system.
The United States is committed
to working through the relevant international organizations,
including the IOC, to achieve this goal.
Thank you very much for your
attention. |