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USDA administers 15 food assistance programs—including the Food Stamp Program, the National School Lunch Program, the School Breakfast Program, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)—that take a variety of forms and provide different types of food benefits to recipients. A variety of outcomes are used to measure the impact of these programs on diet and health, including food expenditures, food security/insecurity, nutrient availability, nutrient intake, nutritional status, and health status.
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 Effects of Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs on Nutrition and Health: Volume 1, Research Design is the first of four reports from a study of the effects of USDA's food assistance and nutrition programs on nutrition and health. This report reviews the research designs available to evaluators for assessing the effects of the programs. The random assignment experiment is the "gold standard" design. Where random assignment is impossible, quasi-experimental designs are used to infer what would have happened to participants if the program had not existed. Eight types of quasi-experimental design are identified, although none can guarantee unbiased estimates of program effects.
web administration: webadmin@ers.usda.gov
updated: July 10, 2002
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