Step 1: Learn about diabetes. ^
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There are two main types of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes - the body does not make insulin. People with type
1 need to take insulin every day.
Type 2 diabetes - the body does not make or use insulin well. People
with type 2 often need to take pills or insulin. Type 2 is the most
common form of diabetes.
All people with diabetes need to eat healthy foods, stay at a healthy
weight, and be active every day.
Diabetes is a serious disease.
Terms such as "a touch of diabetes" or "your sugar is a little
high" suggest that diabetes is not a serious disease. That is not correct
and these terms should not be used.
Taking good care of diabetes will help you feel better and avoid the health problems
diabetes can cause such as:
- heart disease and stroke.
- eye disease that can lead to vision problems or even going blind.
- nerve damage that can cause your hands and feet to feel numb. This can lead
to
loss of a foot or a leg.
- kidney problems.
- gum disease and loss of teeth.
When your diabetes is in good control, you are more likely to feel better and
- be less tired and thirsty and urinate less often.
- heal better and have fewer gum, skin, or bladder infections.
- be less likely to have blurry vision or numb hands or feet.
Some people are more likely to get diabetes.
Some people may have a higher chance of getting diabetes. They should ask their
doctor if they need to be tested for diabetes.
These include people who
- are ages 45 and older
- are overweight
- are African American, Hispanic/Latino American, Asian American or Pacific Islander,
or American Indian
- have a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes
- have high blood pressure (above 140/90)
- have low HDL (good cholesterol) and high levels of blood fats
- have had diabetes when pregnant or gave birth to a large baby (over 9 pounds)
- are active less than three times a week
» Ask your health care team
what type of diabetes
you have.
» Know why diabetes is serious.
» Know who is more likely to
get diabetes.
» Ask if you should be tested
for diabetes if you
think you are at risk.
For more information:
Diabetes Overview Fact Sheet Print version (PDF* 44k)
Your Guide
to Diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2
Diabetes Dictionary
Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Print version (PDF* 192k)
Are You at Risk for Gestational Diabetes?
Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs. ^
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Manage your A1C (blood glucose or sugar), Blood pressure, and Cholesterol.
This will help lower your chances of having a heart attack, a stroke,
or other diabetes problems. These are called the ABCs of diabetes.
A is for the A1C
test.
It shows how well your blood glucose has been
controlled over the last 3 months. It should be
checked at least twice a year. The goal for most people is less than 7.
High blood glucose levels can harm your kidneys, feet, and eyes.
B is for blood
pressure.
The goal for most people is 130/80.
High blood pressure makes your heart work too hard. It can cause heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
C is for cholesterol.
The LDL goal for most people is
less than 100.
Bad cholesterol, or LDL, can build up and clog your blood vessels. It can cause a heart attack or a stroke.
» Ask your health
care team:
- What are my A1C
(blood glucose), Blood pressure, and Cholesterol numbers?
- What should my ABC
numbers be?
»
Use this record card to
write down your numbers.
For more information:
Be Smart About Your Heart Print version (PDF* 264k)
Si Tiene Diabetes, Cuide Su Corazón Print
version (PDF* 204k)
Take Care of Your Heart (for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders)
Diabetes and CVD Fact Sheet Print version (PDF* 188k)
If You Have Diabetes, Know Your Blood Sugar Numbers Print version (PDF* 508k)
Power to Control Diabetes Is in Your Hands Print version (PDF* 484k)
Step 3: Manage your diabetes. ^
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Many people avoid the long-term problems of diabetes by taking good
care of themselves and the ABCs of diabetes. Work with your health
care team, friends, and family to make healthy lifestyle choices
and reach your ABC goals.
- Follow your diabetes food plan. If you do not have one, ask your
health care team about it.
- Eat the right portions of healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables (5 to
9 servings a day), fish, lean meats, dry beans, whole grains, and low-fat or
skim milk and cheese.
- Eat foods that have less salt and fat.
- Get 30 to 60 minutes of activity on most days of the week.
- Stay at a healthy weight - by being
active and eating the right amounts
of healthy foods.
- Stop smoking - seek help to quit.
- Take medicines the way your doctor tells you. Ask if you need aspirin to prevent
heart attack or stroke.
- Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters,
red spots, and swelling. Call your health care team right away about any sores
that won't heal.
- Brush your teeth and floss every day to avoid problems with your mouth, teeth,
or gums.
- Check your blood glucose the way your doctor tells you to.
» Work with your health care
team to manage your
diabetes and stay healthy.
» If you have Medicare Part
B, ask your health care
team how to get some of the cost paid for
- learning about diabetes self-care.
- special shoes, if you need them.
For more information:
Tips for Feeling Better and Staying Healthy Print version (PDF* 64k)
What I Need to Know About Eating and Diabetes
Recipe and Meal Planner
Walking:
A
Step in the Right Direction
Tips for Helping a Person with Diabetes Print version (PDF* 192k)
Medicines for People with Diabetes
Step 4: Get routine care to avoid problems. ^
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See your health care team at least twice a
year to find and treat
problems early. Follow this plan.
At each visit get a:
- Blood pressure check - if over 130/80, ask what steps to take
to reach your goal
- Weight check
- Foot check
Two times each year get:
- A1C check - check more often if over 7
- Dental exams to prevent gum disease and loss of teeth. Tell your
dentist you have diabetes.
Once each year get a:
- Cholesterol check - if LDL over 100, ask what steps to take to reach
your goal
- Dilated eye exam to check for eye problems
- Complete foot exam to check on foot health
- Urine and blood tests to check for kidney problems
- Flu shot
At least once get a:
» Ask your team
about these and other tests you may need.
» Use the card
at the back of this booklet to keep a record of your diabetes care.
For more information:
Take Care of Your Feet for a Lifetime
Prevent Diabetes Problems Series
Diabetic Eye Diseases
Financial Help for Diabetes Care
Where to get help: ^
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American Association of Diabetes Educators
1-800-TEAM-UP4 (800-832-6874)
www.diabeteseducator.org
American Diabetes Association
1-800-DIABETES (800-342-2383)
www.diabetes.org
American Dietetic Association
1-800-366-1655 (in English and Spanish)
www.eatright.org
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1-877-232-3422
www.cdc.gov/diabetes
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
1-800-MEDICARE or (800-633-4227)
www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asp
National Diabetes Education Program
1-800-438-5383
www.ndep.nih.gov
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse
1-800-860-8747 (in English and Spanish)
www.niddk.nih.gov
The National Diabetes Education Program is a joint program of the
National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention.
www.ndep.nih.gov
1-800-438-5383
My Diabetes Care Record ^
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A1C - At least twice each year
Usual goal: less than 7 |
Date: |
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Result: |
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BLOOD
PRESSURE (BP) - Each visit
Usual goal: less than 130/80 |
Date: |
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Result: |
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CHOLESTEROL
(LDL) - Once each year
Usual goal: less than 100 |
Date: |
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Result: |
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WEIGHT - Each visit
My Goal: _______ |
Date: |
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Result: |
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Diabetes Care |
Date |
Result |
Each visit |
Foot check |
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Weight check |
|
|
Twice each year |
Dental exam |
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Once each year |
Dilated eye exam |
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Complete foot exam |
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Kidney check |
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Flu shot |
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At least once |
Pneumonia shot |
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