September 1997 |
ToxFAQs™ |
for |
Chlorfenvinphos |
(Clofenvinfos) |
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This fact sheet answers the most frequently
asked health questions about chlorfenvinphos. For more information,
you may call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737.
This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous
substances and their health effects. This information is important
because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure
to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration,
how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether
other chemicals are present.
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HIGHLIGHTS: Chlorfenvinphos
is an insecticide which is no longer used in the United
States. Ingesting chlorfenvinphos results primarily on
nervous system effects, such as headaches, blurred vision,
weakness, and confusion. Chlorfenvinphos been found in
at least 1 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites
identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). |
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What
is chlorfenvinphos? |
Chlorfenvinphos is an insecticide that
is a colorless liquid with a mild odor. It was commonly used
until 1991 when all products containing chlorfenvinphos as
an active ingredient were canceled in the United States. Commercial
preparations commonly sold in stores were usually 90% chlorfenvinphos.
Most of the chlorfenvinphos used was in liquid form.
Chlorfenvinphos was widely used to control
household pests such as flies, fleas, and mice. The chemical
is manufactured and does not occur naturally in the environment.
It was sold under common trade names including Birlane®,
Dermaton®, Sapercon®,
Steladone®, and Supona®.
Use of trade names is for identification
only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, the Public Health Service,
or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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What
happens to chlorfenvinphos when it enters the environment? |
- Chlorfenvinphos enters the environment from runoff after
rainfall and leaching from hazardous waste sites.
- It may leach into soil and underground water.
- It may also be found in surface waters from rain.
- Chlorfenvinphos may move from soil to the air by evaporation.
- It does not appear to accumulate in plants, fish, or freshwater
animals.
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How
might I be exposed to chlorfenvinphos? |
- The most common way to be exposed is by eating imported
agricultural products contaminated with it.
- Another way to be exposed is by using pharmaceutical products
that contain lanolin, a natural grease from sheep’s wool
(chlorfenvinphos is often used to control flies in animal
buildings and can contaminate sheep’s wool).
- If you breathe air or touch soil near a hazardous waste
site containing chlorfenvinphos, you could be exposed to
it.
- If you work in the disposal of chlorfenvinphos or its
wastes you are most likely to be exposed.
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How
can chlorfenvinphos affect my health? |
The major effect of chlorfenvinphos is
on the nervous system. Ingesting large doses may cause nausea
and vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, difficulty in breathing,
and fainting.
Lower doses may cause headaches, dizziness,
weakness, confusion, runny nose, and inability to see clearly.
These symptoms may start within 30-60 minutes and reach their
maximum effect after 6-8 hours.
There is no evidence that long-term exposure
to small amounts of chlorfenvinphos causes any harmful health
effects in people.
It is not known whether chlorfenvinphos
can affect reproduction or cause birth defects in people.
One animal study reported decreased fertility in rats given
chlorfenvinphos in their food, and another study reported
that chlorfenvinphos interfered with the development of rats
when the pregnant animals were fed chlorfenvinphos.
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How
likely is chlorfenvinphos to cause cancer? |
It is not known whether chlorfenvinphos
causes cancer in people.
The Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),
and the EPA have not classified chlorfenvinphos for carcinogenicity.
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Is
there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to chlorfenvinphos? |
There is a general test that can be used
to determine if you have been exposed to a group of insecticides,
including chlorfenvinphos. This test measures the activity
of an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase in the blood. This
test requires only a small amount of blood and can be done
in your doctor’s office. It does not specifically show exposure
to chlorfenvinphos.
Specific tests are available to identify
chlorfenvinphos or its breakdown products in your blood, body
tissue, and urine. These tests aren’t available at most doctors’
offices, but can be done at special laboratories that have
the right equipment.
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Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? |
The EPA requires that spills or accidental
releases into the environment of 500 pounds or more of chlorfenvinphos
be reported to the EPA.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
has set tolerances for chlorfenvinphos for agricultural products
ranging from 0.005 to 0.2 parts chlorfenvinphos per million
parts of food (0.005-0.2 ppm).
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Glossary |
Carcinogenicity: Ability to cause cancer.
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service.
Fertility: Ability to have children.
Ingest: To eat or drink something.
Insecticide: A substance that kills insects.
Long-term: 365 days or longer.
ppm: Parts per million.
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References |
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR). 1997. Toxicological Profile for chlorfenvinphos. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
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Where can I get more information? |
ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational
and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize,
evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous
substances. You can also contact your community or state health
or environmental quality department if you have any more questions
or concerns. For more information, contact:
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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-888-42-ATSDR (1-888-422-8737)
FAX: (770)-488-4178
Email: ATSDRIC@cdc.gov
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