• AFM - Acoustic Flow Monitors
• Bench Marks and Reflector Sites
• COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer
• Cross-Sections
• Earthquakes and Seismicity
• EDM - Slope-Distance Measurements
• Field Observations
• Gas and Plume Monitoring
• Geodetic Leveling
• Global Positioning System (GPS) Measurements
• GPS - Global Positioning System Measurements
• Gravity and Magnetic Measurements
• Hydrologic Monitoring
• InSAR - Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
• LIDAR - Light Detection and Ranging
• Networks - Volcano Monitoring Networks
• Overview
• Photography
• Radial Crack and Thrust Fault Measurements
• "Real-Time Monitoring Techniques"
• RSAM (Real-Time Seismic-Amplitude Measurement) Systems
• Satellite Radar Interferometry
• Sediment Sampling
• Seismic Montoring
• Slope-Distance Measurements (EDM's)
• Solar Power
• SSAM (Seismic Spectral-Amplitude Measurement) Systems
• Tilt and Tiltmeters
• Telemetered Systems
• Thermal Observations (Night)
• Video and Television "Real-Time" Monitoring
• VolcanoCams "Real-Time"
• Volcano Photography

• DESCRIPTION: Volcano Monitoring Overview

• Monitoring Volcanoes: Techniques and Strategies Used by the Staff of the Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1980-90 -- Ewert and Swanson, (eds.), 1992, USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program -- includes such monitoring information as GPS, RSAM, SSAM, Seismic, Deformation, Gas, Data Analysis, Lahar Detection, etc. -- Ewert, Murray, Lockhart, and Miller, 1993, IN: Earthquakes & Volcanoes, v.24, no.6

• Volcanic studies at the U. S. Geological Survey's David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington -- Brantley and Topinka, 1984, Earthquake Information Bulletin, v.16, no.2

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Volcano Monitoring Networks

• DESCRIPTION: Volcano Monitoring Networks

• CVO Deformation Project's Monitoring Networks -- Alaska, Washington State, Oregon, California, Wyoming

• REPORT: Trilateration and Distance-Measuring Techniques Used at Cascades and Other Volcanoes -- Iwatsubo and Swanson, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• Volcano Deformation Project Menu -- CVO Menu -- general information about the Volcano Deformation Project, including the monitoring of the Cascade Range Volcanoes

• University of Washington's Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network -- includes Seismograph Station Map [30K,InlineGIF] and link to PNSN

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AFM - Acoustic Flow Monitors

• California Landslide Project -- Reid and LaHusen

• Detecting Debris Flows Using Ground Vibrations -- LaHusen Project Menu

• Monitoring Active Landslides -- CVO Project Menu

• FACT SHEET: Detecting Debris Flows Using Ground Vibrations -- LaHusen, USGS Fact Sheet 236-96

• FACT SHEET: Real-Time Monitoring of Active Landslides -- Reid, LaHusen, and Ellis, 1999, USGS Fact Sheet 091-99

• REPORT: Real-Time Monitoring of Active Landslides Along Highway 50, El Dorado County, California -- Reid and LaHusen, 1998, adapted from California Geology

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Bench Marks and Reflector Sites

• REPORT: Installation of Bench Marks and Permanent Reflectors for Geodetic Deformation -- Doukas and Ewert, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

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Field Observations

• DESCRIPTION: Field Observations

• REPORT: The Importance of Field Observations for Monitoring Volcanoes, and the Approach of "Keeping Monitoring as Simple as Practical" -- Swanson, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

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Gas and Plume Monitoring

• DESCRIPTION: COSPEC (Correlation Spectrometer) Measurements

• REPORT: Fundamental Volcanic-Gas-Study Techniques: An Integrated Approach to Monitoring -- Sutton, McGee, Casadevall, and Stokes, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• VOLCANO HAZARDS FACT SHEET: Volcanic Gas -- section on monitoring -- McGee and Gerlach, 1995, USGS Open-File Report 95-85

• Gas Emissions Project Menu -- CVO Menu

• Gas Emissions Menu -- CVO Menu

• REPORT: Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program -- includes such monitoring information as GPS, RSAM, SSAM, Seismic, Deformation, Gas, Data Analysis, Lahar Detection, etc. -- Ewert, Murray, Lockhart, and Miller, 1993, IN: Earthquakes & Volcanoes, v.24, no.6

• LINK: Monitoring Volcanic Gases: the driving force of eruptions -- Link courtesy Volcano Hazards Program Website

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Geodetic Leveling

• DESCRIPTION: Geodetic Leveling -- Long Traverses, Short Traverses, Single Instrument Setup

• REPORT: Using First-Order Class II Geodetic Leveling Procedures to Monitor Vertical Displacement -- Yamashita and Kaiser, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: Single-Setup Leveling Used to Monitor Vertical Displacement (Tilt) on Cascade Volcanoes -- Yamashita, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: A Single-Setup Trigonometric Leveling Method for Monitoring Ground-Tilt Changes -- Ewert, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• Volcano Deformation Project Menu -- CVO Menu -- general information about the Volcano Deformation Project, including the monitoring of the Cascade Range Volcanoes

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GPS - Global Positioning System Measurements

• DESCRIPTION: GPS Measurements

• GPS Menu -- CVO Menu

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Gravity and Magnetic Measurements

• DESCRIPTION: Gravity Measurements

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Hydrologic Monitoring

• DESCRIPTION: Hydrologic Hazards Monitoring at Mount St. Helens
• DESCRIPTION: Monitoring Mount St. Helens Debris-Dam Lakes
• DESCRIPTION: River Channel Surveys - Cross Section Networks - Surveying Methods
• DESCRIPTION: Sediment Sampling
• DESCRIPTION: Using Spirit Lake as a Tiltmeter

• CVO "Real-Time" Monitoring Projects -- includes Mount St. Helens streams and drainages, and California Highway 50 landslides

• Cross-Section Network in the Lewis River Basin, 1980-1984 -- Modified from: Martinson, et.al., 1984, USGS Open-File Report 84-614, and Martinson, et.al., 1986, USGS Open-File Report 85-631

• Cross-Section Network in the Toutle River Basin, 1980-1985 -- Modified from: Meyer, Nolan, and Dodge, 1986, USGS Open-File Report 85-412, and Meyer and Dodge, 1988, USGS Open-File Report 87-549

• Monitoring Hydrologic Hazards at Mount St. Helens -- Excerpt from: Brantley and Topinka, (eds.), 1984

• REPORT: Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program -- includes such monitoring information as GPS, RSAM, SSAM, Seismic, Deformation, Gas, Data Analysis, Lahar Detection, etc. -- Ewert, Murray, Lockhart, and Miller, 1993, IN: Earthquakes & Volcanoes, v.24, no.6

• LINK: Hydrologic Monitoring of Volcanoes -- Link courtesy Volcano Hazards Program Website

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InSAR - Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite Radar Interferometry

• DESCRIPTION: InSAR - Interferometric Synthetic Aperature Radar

• InSAR Menu -- CVO Menu

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LIDAR - Light Detection and Ranging

• DESCRIPTION: LIDAR - Light Detection and Ranging

• LIDAR Menu -- CVO Menu

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Radial Crack and Thrust Fault Measurements

• DESCRIPTION: Ground-Crack and Thrust-Fault Measurements

• Measurements of Cracks and Thrust Faults Used for Prediction of Dome Growth -- Excerpt from: Swanson, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: Monitoring Radial Crack Deformation by Displacement Meters -- Iwatsubo, Ewert, and Murray, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• Volcano Deformation Project Menu -- CVO Project Menu -- general information about the Volcano Deformation Project including the monitoring of Cascade Range Volcanoes

• Radial Cracks and Thrust Faults Menu -- CVO Menu

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"Real-Time" Volcano Monitoring

• CVO "Real-Time" Monitoring Projects Menu

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RSAM (Real-Time Seismic-Amplitude) Systems SSAM (Seismic Spectral-Amplitude Measurement) Systems

• DESCRIPTION: RSAM (Real-Time Seismic-Amplitude Systems) and SSAM (Seismic Spectral-Amplitude Measurement Systems)

• REPORT: A Real-Time Seismic-Amplitude Measurement System (RSAM) -- Murray and Endo, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program -- includes such monitoring information as GPS, RSAM, SSAM, Seismic, Deformation, Gas, Data Analysis, Lahar Detection, etc. -- Ewert, Murray, Lockhart, and Miller, 1993, IN: Earthquakes & Volcanoes, v.24, no.6

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Seismic Monitoring

• DESCRIPTION: Seismometers, Seismographs, and Seismograms, etc.

• DESCRIPTION: RSAM (Real-Time Seismic-Amplitude) Systems

• REPORT: Seismic Data-Acquisition Systems at the Cascades Volcano Observatory -- Endo and Smith, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: A Real-Time Seismic-Amplitude Measurement System (RSAM) -- Murray and Endo, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: McVCO Handbook 1999 -- McChesney, 1999, USGS Open-File Report 99-361

• Earthquakes and Seismicity Menu -- CVO Menu

• University of Washington's Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network
  -- includes Seismograph Station Map [30K,InlineGIF] and link to PNSN

• REPORT: Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program -- includes such monitoring information as GPS, RSAM, SSAM, Seismic, Deformation, Gas, Data Analysis, Lahar Detection, etc. -- Ewert, Murray, Lockhart, and Miller, 1993, IN: Earthquakes & Volcanoes, v.24, no.6

• LINK: Monitoring Volcano Seismicity -- Link courtesy Volcano Hazards Program Website

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Slope-Distance Measurements (EDM's)

• DESCRIPTION: Slope-Distance Measurements -- EDM's and Theodolites

• DESCRIPTION: Lava Dome Measurements using EDM's and Theodolites

• DESCRIPTION: Monitoring the North Flank Bulge -- From: Swanson, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: Methods Used to Monitor Deformation of the Crater Floor and Lava Dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington -- Iwatsubo and Swanson, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: Slope-Distance Measurements to the Flanks of Mount St. Helens, Late 1980 through 1989 -- Iwatsubo, Topinka, and Swanson, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• Volcano Deformation Project Menu -- CVO Menu -- general information about the Volcano Deformation Project including the monitoring of Cascade Range Volcanoes

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Solar Power

• REPORT: Solar Electric Power for Instruments at Remote Sites -- McChesney, 2000, USGS Open-File Report 00-128

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Telemetered Systems

• "Real-Time" Monitoring Projects Menu -- CVO Menu

• DESCRIPTION: RSAM (Real-Time Seismic-Amplitude) Systems

• REPORT: A Real-Time Seismic-Amplitude Measurement System (RSAM) -- Murray and Endo, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: A Low-Data-Rate Digital Telemetry System -- Murray, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: Operating Low-Power Telemetry Networks in Severe Environments -- Lockhart, Murray, and Furukawa, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: A System for Acquiring, Storing, and Analyzing Low-Frequency Time-Series Data in Near-Real Time -- Murray, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• REPORT: Preventing Volcanic Catastrophe: The U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program -- includes such monitoring information as GPS, RSAM, SSAM, Seismic, Deformation, Gas, Data Analysis, Lahar Detection, etc. -- Ewert, Murray, Lockhart, and Miller, 1993, IN: Earthquakes & Volcanoes, v.24, no.6

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Night-Time Thermal Observations

• DESCRIPTION: Thermal Observations

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Tilt and Tiltmeters

• DESCRIPTION: Tilt Meters and Tilt Measurements

• DESCRIPTION: "Dry Tilt" Measurements

• REPORT: Electronic Tiltmeters for Volcano Monitoring: Lessons from Mount St. Helens -- Dzurisin, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• DESCRIPTION: Using Spirit Lake as a Tiltmeter

• REPORT: Lake-Level Monitoring as a Tool for Studies of Crustal Deformation -- Kleinman and Otway, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• Volcano Deformation Project Menu -- CVO Menu -- general information about the Volcano Deformation Project including the monitoring of Cascade Range Volcanoes

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Volcano Photography

• DESCRIPTION: Volcano Photography

• Photography Monitoring Menu -- CVO Menu

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Video and Television "Real-Time" Monitoring

• DESCRIPTION: Video and Television Surveillance Systems

• REPORT: Video Surveillance of Active Volcanoes Using Slow-Scan Television -- Furukawa, Murray, and McGee, 1992, IN: USGS Bulletin 1966

• VolcanoCams Around the World -- Links to VolcanoCams around the World, including Mount St. Helens, Washington

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