Located in east-central Africa and surrounded by Zaire, Rwanda, and Tanzania, the landlocked Republic of Burundi is a heart-shaped country of 10,747 square miles, about the size of the State of Maryland.

The Ruzizi River and Plain and Lake Tanganyika, part of the Western Great Rift Valley, form the border between Burundi and Zaire. Lake Tanganyika, 390 miles long, ranks second in the world in depth and volume, and seventh in surface area.

East of the lake, sharply sculpted and intensely cultivated hills rise to the 9,000 foot Zaire-Nile watershed divide. East of the divide, the land slopes more gently between 6,000 and 3,500 feet down to the plateau and savannah lands of the Tanzania border.

Burundi is picturesque: traditional African mud and thatch houses are scattered among the steep hills, every square foot of which is cultivated with beans, peas, maize, bananas, rice, and cassava; men stand watch over lyre-horned cattle; and colorfully draped women dig in the fields or visit relatives carrying banana beer in handcrafted pottery set into baskets.

With the exception of Bujumbura, the capital, there is a notable lack of towns and villages. Farmsteads called “rugos” are scattered evenly throughout the countryside, where 90% of the population lives, engaged primarily in subsistence agriculture. The country is densely and homogeneously populated, though a few areas in southeastern Burundi and the river plain north of Bujumbura are less so due to malaria and poor soil. Though less than 5°F south of the Equator, the entire country has a pleasant climate.

Bujumbura, on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, averages 73°F. Daytime temperatures are in the mid to upper 80s: In the highlands, temperatures are cooler, in the 60s and 70s, arid at night, an occasional frost occurs.

The short rains occur from October to December, the long rains from February to May. During the dry seasons, a haze obscures, otherwise spectacular views of the Mitumba mountains of Eastern Zaire, and the air becomes dusty. During the rainy season, the temperatures cool slightly. Rainfall is only occasionally torrential and comes in brief, intense showers, rather than steady downpours. More violent weather, including hailstorms, occurs chiefly in the highlands. Rainfall averages 30 inches in Bujumbura and 47 inches in the uplands.

Burundi’s population is 5.5 million, with a growth rate of 3%, increasing population pressure in this already densely populated country. The population density is 550 people per square mile.

Bujumbura has a population of about 300,000, half of whom are foreign. The principal groups of foreigners are Zairian (24%), Rwandan (18%), and Asian (8%). Europeans number 3,500. The other significant urban center is Gitega, with a population of 35,000. Three ethnic groups comprise the indigenous population: Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa. All three share a common language, Kirundi. There are more than 200,000 refugees in Burundi, mainly Rwandan Tutsis and Zairians fleeing instability or civil war. On the other hand, more than 200,000 Burundian Hutus live in nearby countries as a result of past ethnic clashes. In 1972 an estimated 100–250,000 Hutus were killed, and ethnic tensions continued despite a government program of national reconciliation.

Kirundi and French are the official languages, and Swahili is widely spoken in the streets and markets. Embassy personnel use French to communicate with Burundians. English is becoming popular, and the government is stressing English in schools.

In the colonial scramble for Africa, Burundi was awarded to Germany, becoming part of German East Africa in 1895. After World War I, Burundi formed the southern half of Ruanda-Urundi, the League of Nations Trust Territory administered by Belgium. Burundi gained limited self-government in 1961 and full independence as The Kingdom of Burundi on July 1, 1962.

In its more than 30 years of independence, Burundi has been ruled primarily by the military. The Mwami, the traditional king, was deposed in 1966 by Michael Micombero, who declared Burundi a republic and consolidated Tutsi domination of the Armed Forces, political and economic structures, and the Catholic church. Lieutenant Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza led a successful military coup in 1976, ruling by presidential decree until Major Pierre Buyoya seized power in 1987.

Pledging that the military would not be in power “for very long,” Buyoya has made an effort to include the majority Hutu ethnic group in his government and has established goals of national reconciliation and economic expansion. A new constitution was debated and approved by referendum in March 1992, and a timetable has been established for a return to constitutional democracy in 1993.

The UPRONA party (Unite et Progres National) was the sole legal political party, but seven new parties have come into being as a result of the pluralism allowed by the new constitution.

The country is divided into 15 provinces, each headed by an appointed governor. Provinces are divided into 114 communes; communes, in turn, are composed of zones; and finally there are collines, which are traditionally organized along family lines.

There is no compulsory education in Burundi. About 45% of Burundian children attend school, and the country’s literacy rate is about 30%.

The University of Burundi has 3,300 students and 400 professors, and awards degrees in humanities, law, economics, administrative science, agronomy, applied science, and physical education. The Institut Technique Superieur is part of the University and offers 3-year programs it various fields of engineering. The University also has a medical school and 2-year Institut Pedagogique for training teachers. Three other institutions, of higher education have combined enrollments of 523 in commerce. agriculture, and technology.

Five schools operate for foreign students in Bujumbura: the Belgian and French Schools, the Lycde International, the American International School of  Bujumbura, and I’Ecole Point de I’Horizon.

Both the Belgian and French school; have kindergarten through grade 12, and instruction for foreign students is it French. The Lycee International offer classes in kindergarten through grade 6 and some are in English. The American International School of Bujumbura has classes in kindergarten through grade 6 and instruction is in English. The Ecole Point de I’Horizon is kindergarten through grade 10, and instruction is in French.

Four private kindergartens operate for preschool children ages 3 to 5.

Burundi’s economy is predominantly agricultural. Its most important export is high quality arabica coffee, which provides 80% of export earnings. Tea, cotton, and rice production are also being encouraged to reduce dependence on coffee. Lake Tanganyika supports a small fishing industry, though it is in decline.

A few basic industries produce beer, soft drinks, coffee, textiles, plastics, soap, metal parts, tools, insecticides, and paint.

Burundi’s rudimentary public transportation system makes a dependable personally owned vehicle a necessity. Burundi, Rwanda, and Zaire use left-hand drive vehicles, but right-hand drive vehicles are permitted. A valid driver license is the only requirement of obtaining a license to drive in Burundi Post personnel may import one duty-free vehicle per family. Predominant makes include Toyota, Nissan, Peugeot, Renault Suzuki, Mitsubishi, Mercedes Volkswagon, Land or Range Rovers, and Hyundai. Regular gasoline costs about $2.75 a gallon, but there is no unleaded diesel is readily available.

Purchasing a vehicle locally is much more expensive than in the U.S. The primary factor in choosing a vehicle is availability of service and spare parts. Peugeot and Toyota probably offer the best prospects for spare parts availability. Secondary factors include durability, high ground clearance for rough roads, and resale value. Manual transmission is highly recommended, as parts and trained service personnel are virtually nonexistent for automatic transmissions.

Cars should be equipped with heavy-duty suspension, cooling systems and batteries, and tube-type tires. Air-conditioning is a welcome feature, but not essential. Ship an adequate supply of oil, gas, and air filters; oil, brake and transmission fluids; fan belts, windshield wipers, spark plugs and bulbs and fuses. This will simplify maintenance and reduce costs.

Local resale value is higher than in the U.S., except for vehicles with automatic transmission. Resale premiums are higher for makes listed above and for four-door versus two-door models.

Aside from the usual documents (registration, serial number, etc.) owner’s original purchase price documentation is especially important both for initial entry through customs and for local resale requirements. Customs clearance requires a horsepower rating. Do not include CB radio or any other transmitter in the car. Burundi customs procedures take longer than many other posts, so send ahead documents and one set of keys as early as possible.

Some employees bring used American makes with extra spare parts and have no serious problems. Four-wheel-drive vehicles are popular in Burundi, as they provide off-road capability and high-ground clearance for rough roads.

Good, paved roads extend to Bukavu (Zaire) and Kigali (Rwanda). Within the country, good, paved roads extend to Gitega, Source du Nil, Nyanza Lac, Muramvya, Kayanza, and Ngozi. Other roads are unpaved, but passable.

Vehicles are shipped to post via air through European Logistical Support Office (ELSO) Antwerp. Shipment from the U.S. or other posts takes 3–5 months. Early shipment of vehicles is recommended.

Taxis are available within the city. They are numerous, reliable, and inexpensive. Fares are regulated and average US$1–US$3, depending on distance. Fares are negotiable, but each driver carries a tariff sheet, which is required to show passengers in case of a dispute. The general rule is that trips within downtown are US$1 and from any residential neighborhood to town or vice versa from US$1 to US$3.

Private buses are inexpensive and numerous; and driving is daredevil. The government operates buses in the mornings, at lunchtime, and at the end of the workday.

Taxis may be rented with a driver for longer or out-of-town traveling, which is expensive. Self-drive cars can be rented.

A World War I era German steamer transports passengers and cargo on Lake Tanganyika. Direct-air service exists between Bujumbura and Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, France, and Belgium.

Overland travel to Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya is theoretically possible, but not recommended, as roads are sometimes impassable and political conditions unpredictable.

Local and international telephone service is good. Calls to the U.S. cost $5.50 a minute.

Commercial cable service is available, but expensive, with cable costing as much as US$100. The rate system is complex. Interested-party cables can be sent at the standard rate through the Embassy. Fax service is also available.

Full pouch service is available to employees and their dependents. Letter mail, periodicals, and packages up to a maximum of 40 pounds, and of a maximum combined length, width, and girth of 62 inches should be addressed as follows:

Name
Bujumbura (Name of Agency)
Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20521–2100

The U.S. Post Office may refuse to deliver insured parcels to pouch addresses.

Outgoing mail service is limited to letters, film, and packages containing returned merchandise. Letters and packages sent from the U.S. arrive in Bujumbura 10 days to 3 weeks later.

International airmail letter service to and from Burundi is good (faster than the pouch). Postage is about 50¢. Letters to Europe take about 5 days and about 10 days to the U.S. Sending packages through international mail is not recommended. 

International mail should be addressed as follows:

Name
American Embassy
B.P. 1720
Bujumbura, Burundi
(central Africa)

The radio station in Burundi is the government-operated Voice of the Revolution, also known as RTNB, Radio-Television Nationale du Burundi.  It broadcasts on several AM and FM frequencies in French, Kirndi, Swahili, and English.  A good, shortwave receiver will pick up the major international broadcasts. 

Burundi has limited TV system (SECAM), which broadcasts about 6 hours a day, mainly in Kirundi, French, and Swahili.  There is a 30 minute news broadcast every Wednesday evening.  Many personnel bring American standard (NTSC) TV and videotape players and order commercially or privately made tapes from the U.S. The post has a videotape library in the VHS format.  Also, you can receive Zaire TV, with a set capable of receiving SECAM standard broadcasts for color or CCIR standard for black and white. 

The Armed Forces Radio/TV Service is available to Mission personnel via satellite.  This is a 24-hour service providing CNN, sports broadcasts, MacNeil Lehrer, and other programs.

The Embassy maintains a small infirmary, with a part-time contract nurse who is available daily for consultation. A contract doctor is available for consultation 2 days a week. The infirmary is stocked with medicines and equipment to treat a variety of problems ranging from first aid to parasites and viruses. The regional medical officer visits quarterly from Nairobi.

Routine dental treatment is available in Bujumbura, but complete all major dental work before arriving. The Embassy sends patients to Nairobi, Kenya, which has good dental facilities, for major dental work. Western Europe and South Africa offer the nearest acceptable facilities for orthodontic work.

Optometrical and ophthalmological care is available in Bujumbura and in Nairobi. Bring an extra pair of corrective lenses. Frames and lenses are available, but expensive.

Although the post maintains a wide range of medicines in the Medical Unit, include prescribed medications and routine supplies, such as bandages and aspirin in personal effects. Malaria prophylactics are available and should be started at least 1 week before arriving. Mefloquine is recommended, as some mosquitoes are chloroquine resistant. Adhere to the Department’s recommended list of inoculations. Yellow fever and cholera immunizations are required for entry into the country.

Malaria, viral infections, colds, infected cuts and insect bites, and parasites are the most common medical problems. Dust during the dry season may create problems for those with asthma or allergies.

The public sanitation level compares favorably with that of other developing countries, but falls below U.S. standards. Open drains, garbage piles, open-field burnings, and other such practices are still common. The General Services Office (GSO) provides trash collection. Embassy houses have septic tanks.

The risk of contracting AIDS is high, unless proper precautions are taken: condoms, monogamy, or abstinence.

The water supply is treated, but the Embassy recommends boiling and filtering water. Filters are provided for all homes. Vegetables should be disinfected; and household staff should receive periodic physical examinations. Locally bottled beverages (soda, soda water, and beer) are safe.

Swimming in the lake near Bujumbura is dangerous due to crocodiles and hippopotami and is discouraged by the Embassy. Tourists who make the mistake of wading in the lake have occasionally disappeared under its glassy surface, welcomed in by gently smiling jaws.

Downtown Bujumbura stretches along the flat northeastern edge of Lake Tanganyika. The better residential areas have been slowly climbing the hillsides east of the city and spreading into the plain south of the city. Some of the villa-like homes have magnificent views of the lake, the Ruzizi River plain, and the beautiful mountains of Zaire just 15 miles away across the lake.

Bujumbura, a small city, can be traversed by car in a matter of minutes. All of the main city streets are paved; traffic is heavy during rush hours, and delays may be experienced. Streets throughout much of the residential areas are not paved, but remain passable even during the rainy season. Flowering trees throughout Bujumbura — even the downtown area —  include flamboyant, acacia, jacaranda, and frangipani. Tropical ornamental plants thrive, and flowers are plentiful year round.

In the downtown commercial area, the streets are lined with small stores owned by Greeks, Belgians, Asians, and a growing number of Africans. These include butcher shops, bakeries, grocery stores, general, dry goods shops, tailors, shoe repair shops, shoe stores, stores selling office equipment, some European gift shops, fabric shops, drugstores and pharmacies, and flower and vegetable shops. Street vendors also sell fresh fruits and vegetables.

The large market has moved north of the town center. Fruits, vegetables, chickens, fresh fish, used clothing, cloth, and household supplies are available.

Bujumbura’s port is visited weekly by two steamers transporting goods and passengers up and down the lake under the Tanzanian flag. Just south of the port is a scenic beach area where Bujumburans like to drive in the evening to have their cars washed, view the sunset, and watch hippopotami wallowing in the mud and reeds along the shore.

The city’s population of about 300,000, lives in various “quartiers,” which have developed according to the ethnic, geographical, or economic status of the residents. Large, foreign groups living in the city include Zairians, Belgians, Indians, Ismaeli Muslims, French, and a few Arabs. Kirundi and French are the official languages, but Swahili is widely spoken in the streets and markets. Since little English is spoken in Bujumbura, some knowledge of French is necessary for both shopping and social life.

The official American community is limited to the U.S. Mission, about 110 people. There are a dozen or so missionaries and about 30 Peace Corps volunteers. Little tourism means that few Americans visit Bujumbura, though the Embassy does receive a number of official visitors.

The U.S. Mission to Burundi consists of representatives from the Department of State, USAID, USIS, and the Peace Corps. In addition to maintaining diplomatic relations, the Mission promotes closer relations through cultural and educational exchanges and provides humanitarian and developmental assistance. Official U.S. presence in Burundi began with the opening of a Consulate on 31 October 1960. The post was elevated to Embassy status when Burundi became independent in 1962.

The Chancery is a two-story building, located on Avenue des Etats-Unis behind the Banque Commerciale du Burundi, just off the city’s principal street, Chaussee Prince Louis Rwagasore. Hours are from 7:30 am to noon and 1:30 pm to 5 pm. Marine Guards are on duty 24 hours daily. A duty officer and driver are on call. The telephone number is 223454.

The USIS office, at the American Cultural Center, is located about 500 yards from the Chancery on Prince Louis Rwagasore near the Place de I’Independence. The telephone number is 223312.

The USAID Mission is on Avenue du Zaire, a short walk from the Chancery. The telephone number is 225951.

The GSO (which includes the infirmary and Community Liaison Office (CLO) is on Avenue du I’Amitie. The telephone number is 223454.

The Peace Corps Office, located on the Avenue du Commerce, is also about 500 yards from the Chancery. The telephone number is 226007.

Since the Embassy provides a broad range of furnishings, including major appliances, air-conditioners for bedrooms, furniture, and appropriate carpets and drapes, Bujumbura has been designated a limited shipment post. In addition to the normal complement of furniture, post standards also call for providing one gas and one electric range, two refrigerators, two freezers, three stepdown transformers, and one vacuum cleaner. Most houses have a small generator for power outages. Some also have ceiling fans for the living room or dining room.

Except for personal items, the Ambassador’s residence and Deputy Chief of Mission’s (DCM) home are fully furnished. For all other employees, complete linen supply is essential. Bring plenty of towels, washcloths, sheets, pillowcases, dishtowels, bedspreads, pot holders, bath mats, napkins, and table cloths. Your predecessors at post or GSO can tell you types and sizes of tables and the number of shower curtains to bring. All beds are queen or twin sized. Blankets are sometimes needed during the rainy season, but they are readily available in the local market.

Private homes tend to be the focal point for social life in Bujumbura, and the Embassy GSO has some items to lend for entertaining, such as glassware, card tables, chairs, and hurricane lamps. However, large supplies of china, glassware, and flatware are useful. Bring a wide range of cooking equipment, serving trays, napkins (cloth and paper, including cocktail napkins), and a generous supply of candles. Charcoal grills are in wide use, and charcoal is readily available.

The post is outdoor oriented. Ice chests, Thermos bottles, paper cups and plates, and plastic utensils are essential, but expensive to buy locally. Beach umbrellas are also handy.

Airfreight shipments should include basic linens, tableware, kitchen and household equipment, and spices. As optional items consider a shortwave radio, children’s toys, and a small cassette player with cassettes, which could be used later for outside work in the post-language program.

Electricity is 220v, 50 hertz (50 cycles), 3 phase. Voltage fluctuations are common and range from 175v to 280v. For expensive or delicate electrical appliances, a line regulator and a surge protector are recommended for each piece of equipment. Schanko style, grounded outlets are the most common type. To convert American plugs to standard European plugs (two round prongs), bring adapters with you. A European plug adapter is also useful when traveling in parts of East Africa.

The post has a limited supply of stepdown transformers. Nevertheless, bring 220v or dual (110/220v) equipment. This applies to household and kitchen appliances or any high-wattage item. Useful electrical appliances include a mixer, toaster, coffee maker and grinder, blender, and clothes iron.

Fresh tropical fruits, such as bananas, a papayas, mangoes, pineapples, Japanese plums, citrus, avocados, and strawberries are available and inexpensive. Vegetables, including cucumbers, green beans, dried beans and lentils, green peas, cabbage, tomatoes, artichokes, carrots, cauliflower, beets, lettuce, potatoes, turnips, onions, the green onions, leeks, and green peppers are also inexpensively available. Fresh spices are also found, including thyme, oregano, basil, rosemary, sage, cilantro, fennel and parsley.

Many people enjoy gardening or a hiring a gardener to practice “gentleman” farming. Bring warm-climate vegetable and flower seeds.

Lake Tanganyika is the source of  many types of fish: Capitaine, Sangala, and Bangabanga are the most popular and of excellent quality. The lake also contains minnow-sized sardines, which are delicious fried or prepared in traditional local recipes.

There are many local butcheries, which supply good quality beef, pork, lamb, goat, and poultry. Turkeys are raised in a nearby Italian Mission. A variety of sausages and coldcuts are made locally. Imported meat and seafood is expensive.

Local, powdered, and long-life milk is available, but expensive. Local yogurt and butter are good. Some very good cheeses are made in Burundi and Zaire.

European cheese, butter, powdered milk, ice cream, poultry, fruit, and other special foods are available in food stores that cater to Europeans or can be specially ordered from Europe, but prices are high because of airfreight costs.

Burundi coffee and tea are excellent and inexpensive. Local breweries brew Primus and Amstel. Amstel comes in light and dark varieties. It is inexpensive. Also bottled in Burundi are Coca Cola, Orange Fanta, Citron, and Tonic, and a carbonated water called Vitale.

Many shops carry European goods and canned and otherwise processed foods, but they are expensive. Baby food is available, but expensive, and parents are should bring their own. They could also bring an electric food grinder or blender to make their own baby food using local fruits, vegetables, and meats.

There is no Embassy Commissary; consumables are shipped from the U.S. or Europe. Air delivery, from Denmark, takes 1 month, and freight costs are high. Airfreight items ordered from Belgium one week are delivered the following week; airfreight costs for these items average 50% or more, depending on value.

Currently, all personnel assigned to Bujumbura, regardless of family size, are authorized an additional 2,500 pounds of consumables to be shipped at government expense. If some or all of this amount is shipped with HBE from the U.S., indicate the total weight of foodstuffs separately on the packer’s invoice. If the entire 2,500 pounds is not used before arrival, this allowance will cover any consumables order placed during the first year at post up to the 2,500-pound limit. Shipments can also be charged against unused excess baggage, airfreight, or surface weight allowances.

Consider the following items when shipping consumables: baking needs, such as mixes, molasses, vanilla, baking chocolate and chocolate chips, dried or canned fruits, nuts (peanuts are plentiful locally), candied fruit, brown sugar, powdered sugar, corn syrup, graham crackers and crumbs, cake decorating materials, cornstarch, dried spices (most Indian spices are available here, as the Asian community is large), canned vegetables, olives, olive oil, cooking oil, dried pasta, vinegars, catsup, relish, hot sauce, Worcestershire sauce, soy sauce, jams and jellies (local strawberry jam and honey is terrific), peanut butter, snacks (chips, nuts, crackers); dry cereals, cooked cereals, such as oatmeal and cream of wheat; bathroom and facial tissues, paper towels, baby food and pet food.

Bring paper products for cocktail and picnic needs, paper towels, aluminum foil, plastic wrap, and ziploc bags (ants!). Disposable diapers are expensive. Ship cleaning supplies, such as furniture polish, oven cleaner, all-purpose cleaners, and lots of dishwashing and laundry detergents. Bring a variety of drugstore items; those available locally are expensive.

Summer clothing is worn throughout the year. Good rain gear is essential. Little readymade clothing is sold locally, though competent tailors abound at reasonable rates. Local cloth is pretty, but variety is small, and quality is average to low. Those who sew should bring fabric and supplies. Drycleaning is available — there’s even an express service!

Bring gear for any sports you plan to undertake or continue — swimming (several suits, especially for children), boating, tennis, golf, horseback riding, cycling, etc.

Products for basic hygiene, such as toothpaste, deodorant, soap, and feminine hygiene items may be purchased locally. Paper products and household cleaning supplies are available, but they too are expensive. Limited supplies of gift warp, party favors, and birthday presents (also expensive) are depleted rapidly during holiday seasons, so bring your own supply. There are many children’s parties. Bring play materials for children; local supplies are limited and high priced. Bring clothes hangers, household gadgets, and repair adhesives, such as epoxy glue and tape. A basic tool kit is useful.

Some American cigarettes are available, but bring a supply of a  favorite brand. Malaria prophylaxis is available from the dispensary. Local pharmacies stock basic needs, but bring items you prefer. Bring hobby supplies.

Bujumbura has reliable drycleaning service. Most personnel hire help to do the washing and ironing. Some tailors are available. There are several good hairdressers. For Embassy housing, the GSO provides basic repair services, such as plumbing, electrical work, and carpentry, and arranges for fumigation and pest control.

Color film may be sent by pouch to the U.S., but there are several good-quality processors in town. Slide film processing is available. Prices for film processing are high.

Most Burundians are Christians, and the Catholic church has the largest congregation. Churches play an important role in Burundi, particularly in the country’s rural areas where foreign church missions provide schools, hospitals, and rural development projects.

In Bujumbura, Catholic Sunday services are held in Kirundi or French at the Cathedral Regina Mundi. Protestant services are offered, in Kirundi or French, in various churches. In addition, there is an English-speaking interdenominational service and Sunday school that meets every Sunday afternoon.

French lessons are available for official Americans (and spouses) in the post language program. All lessons are taught by private tutors.

Adult and child education in art, music, or dancing is limited because the availability of qualified instructors varies from year to year.

Exercise classes are conducted when an instructor is available. There are many private aerobic classes given. There are classes in ballet, modern dance, piano, recorder, and violin.

Soccer is the national sport, and basketball is popular in Bujumbura. Volleyball and basketball are played in the schools, and Mission members have instructed and played on local basketball teams. The sporting clubs hold occasional tournaments, but otherwise spectator sports occur infrequently.

The few organized activities center around the private clubs. Personnel may join any of the private clubs mentioned below. Dues are reasonable, and no special clothing is required, except for tennis whites.

Entente Sportive. A social and sports club with a large outdoor swimming pool, tennis courts, playgrounds, outdoor basketball courts, nine-hole golf course, and a clubhouse with an excellent restaurant that is a center of social activities in Bujumbura.

Cercle Hinniaue. A riding club offering lessons for children and adults. Rates are reasonable, and formal riding clothes are not required.

Cercle Nautiaue. A small yacht club on the lake shore with moorings for sail and motorboats. Boats cannot be rented, but may be purchased.

A large swimming pool and lighted tennis court are located at the Ambassador’s residence, which are available at the Ambassador’s discretion. The beaches around Bujumbura are dangerous due to crocodiles and hippopotami; and swimming is discouraged.

The Castel. A 45-minute drive south of Bujumbura, features an uncrowded, pleasant, sandy beach, and crystal-clear lake water, which makes it a popular spot, though swimming is not recommended. Bring beach equipment, such as chairs and umbrellas.

No restrictions on beach attire exist, and, in fact, some Burundians can be observed performing their ablutions “au naturel” on weekends. However, it is not considered polite to stare.

Hunting permits are difficult to obtain, and the importation of firearms is strictly forbidden, even if they are to be used in another country. Some camping facilities are available (more are being developed in the national parks), and there are even more in neighboring Tanzania and Kenya. Bring all necessary equipment. Several attractive picnic areas are within a short drive from Bujumbura.

Burundi is a birdwatcher’s paradise. Bujumbura has many colorful birds, and there is a bird sanctuary in the northeast near Kirundo, where European birds often spend the winter.

The mountainous interior of Burundi is beautiful, and the source of the Nile in southern Burundi is of interest. Off the paved roads, traveling is difficult. Hotels and restaurants are found in only three or four towns. A 40-minute drive, along the paved road to Bugarama, leads to the 6,000 foot crest between the Nile and Zaire River Basins. The area offers many picnic sites, a good hotel/restaurant, and quick access to the tea plantation and forest at Teza.

The National Museum in Gitega is small, but interesting. A Catholic Mission school, at Gitega, sells some native carvings, bas-reliefs, and ceramics.

Road trips are possible to Eastern Zaire and Rwanda. Travel by car from Bujumbura north to Kigali takes 5 hours. From Kigali you can reach the Akagera Game Park in northeastern Rwanda. The park has abundant wildlife, and its flora has not been damaged by elephants and giraffes, as is sometimes the case in East Africa. This park is now closed due to civil war. Rwanda also has a highly scenic volcano region around Lake Kivu where mountain gorillas can be seen — US$120 for a l‑hour visit. The nearby towns offer good accommodations.

The same area can be reached through Zaire, a difficult, but magnificently beautiful trip on the road from Bukavu to Goma. Active volcanoes can be climbed there and gorillas observed. North of Goma is the Virunga Game Park, known for hippopotami, elephants, lions, and Cob antelope. This park has a good hotel.

Several restaurants are patronized by the American community. Menus are varied, and the cuisine is French, Greek, or Belgian. Prices are moderate to expensive, US$6–US$15 for lunch, and US$12–US$25 for dinner (without drinks).

There is one cinema in town, which shows Kung Fu, Rambo, and Terminator movies or their imitations.

Many videos are exchanged from personal collections, and many video rental clubs are in town. Bring a multisystem TV and VCR.

The French Cultural Center, directly across the street from the American Cultural Center, shows European films and puts on plays. Its library is also good.

There are several discotheques in town frequented by a mixed crowd and offer very danceable Zairian music interspersed with Reggae and pop.

Burundians value courtesy and good manners and seem to enjoy the relaxed, informal style of entertaining favored by many Americans. Foreign Ministry clearance is still required to invite a Burundian official to an official Embassy function, although this is routinely granted.

Many Americans have expressed frustration that Burundians seem difficult to get to know well. There is a reserved and aloof manner that is difficult for many foreigners here to break through. It is almost unheard of, for example, for an American to be invited to a Burundian home.

Invitation cards and calling cards of adequate quality can be printed locally, but no engraving is done. Courtesy calls, just after arrival on counterparts in the government and other Missions, are useful and recommended. The Burundian Government accords diplomats a high status, and, in turn, expects diplomats to exhibit exemplary standards of conduct.

Post Orientation Program

Because of its small size, the post has no orientation program. However, every new arrival is briefed by his supervisor, the administrative officer, and the DCM on local conditions and U.S. interests in Burundi. The CLO provides a welcome information packet that includes maps, shopping and restaurant tips, recreation information, and health information. In addition to the CLO, a sponsor for each new arrival assists in easing the new employee and family into life at post.

Travel to Burundi is by air via Paris or Brussels, or Nairobi. Employees and dependents are met on arrival. Provide the Embassy with your itinerary before departing for Burundi.

Air freight from the U.S. takes 4–6 weeks to reach Burundi. An accurate inventory of air freight contents and a statement of the value are mandatory and should be forwarded in advance. Shipments of HHE are consigned to the European Logistical Support Office (ELSO) in Antwerp, Belgium and forwarded by air to Bujumbura. Total transit time averages 23 months. Ship HHE early. As with airfreight, an accurate inventory is essential.

Currently, most vehicles are shipped by air via ELSO Antwerp. The post recommends early shipment. Interim arrangements can be made, but are costly. Those who ship a personally owned vehicle, bring an extra set of keys and title to the vehicle. All shipments should be insured. Airfreight shipments should be marked as follows:

Employee’s Name
American
Embassy
B.P. 1720

For HBE and cars, use the above address, adding the following:

Via European Logistical Support Office
American Consulate-Antwerp
In Transit

All Mission personnel are permitted dutyfree entry of vehicles and HHE during the initial installation period, which is defined as the first 6 months. After this period, members of the administrative and technical staff usually are not permitted duty-free privileges. Customs authorities may inspect unaccompanied shipments. Pilferage occurs, but is not a significant problem.

Pornographic material is prohibited and confiscated when found.

A valid passport, with a Burundi visa is required. A Kenyan visa is necessary for a Nairobi stopover, (but can be obtained at the airport for $10). All travelers must carry international health cards showing proper inoculation against smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, and cholera. (Check with the Medical Division for the latest information on Burundi and current Department requirements.)

Bring at least 24 passport-sized pictures for identity cards, drivers licenses, and visas. The Administrative Section will obtain multiple-entry visas, residence permits (visa de sejour), identity cards, and drivers licenses after arrival. Obtain an international drivers license in advance.

All pets entering Burundi must have rabies and health certificates issued by an accredited veterinarian. The rabies vaccination should be given 30–60 days before arrival. The health certificate should be dated within 48 hours of the start of the pet’s travel. Quarantine is not required for arriving animals.

Pet food is expensive in Burundi. Most people prepare pet food from what is locally available.

Qualified veterinarians are available. Bring flea and tick collars and spray or powder. Competent veterinary care is available, but purchase veterinary medicines and vaccines from Nairobi, Europe, or the U.S.

The official currency is the Burundi franc. It is linked to the Standard Drawing Right, and the rate of exchange fluctuates, but is currently 246 francs=US$1. Currency importation is not restricted, but must be declared.

Convertible checking accounts are available, but, in practice, are not used. Maintain an account in the U.S., and have all salary payments mailed directly to this account. The Embassy Class B cashier is available to make all accommodation exchanges with dollars or dollar instruments. Travelers checks are available. A limited supply of U.S. dollars is available, but use travelers checks, and, in practice, Mission members have little need for U.S. dollars.

In Burundi, the metric system of weights and measures is used.

In principle, diplomatic personnel are exempt from paying taxes, but a 12% sales tax is included in the cost of most items. Where this tax is calculated separately, vendors will exempt personnel upon display of their diplomatic identification.

Goods that enter the country duty free often are exempted, with an “Importation Temporaire” license. The Administrative Section monitors this license on a yearly basis and renews it.

Sale of personal property must be approved by the DCM. In addition, the currency conversion on certain types of sales is restricted. Generally, sales are permitted only within 6 months of departure.

These titles are provided as a general indication of the material published on this country. The Department of State does not endorse unofficial publications.

American University. Area Handbook for Burundi. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C., 1969.

Cazenave-Piarrot, Francoise et al. Burundi Touristique. (French/English) Burundi National Tourism Office. Edicef,1979.

La Civilisation Ancienne ties Peuples ties Grands Lacs. Centre de Civilization Burundaise: 1979.

Gahama, Joseph. Le Burundi Sons Administration Beige. Karthala: Paris, 1983. ISBN 2–86537–089–5

Guillet, Claude and Pascal Ndayishinguje.  Legendes historiques du Burundi.  Karthala: Paris:, 1987. ISBN 2–8650–717–8

Kupper, Leo. The Pity Of It All. University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 1977.

Lemarchand, Rend. Rwanda and Burundi. Praeger. New York, 1970.  

Melady, Thomas. Burundi: The Tragic Years: Maryknoll: Orbis, 1974

Meyer, Hans. Les Barundi. Societe Francaise d’historie d’outre-mer: 1984.

Mikaza, Came and Jean C. Harahagazwe. L’essentiel sur le Burundi. Paris: Difcom (3, rue Roquepine. 75008 ’ Paris).

Sendegeya, Pierre-Claver. Anthologie Ties Sculpteurs et Peintres Burundais Contemporains. Nathan: Paris, 1989. ISBN 2-288-82091-8

Van den Berghe, P. The Ethnic Phenomenon. Elsevier Amsterdam, 1981.

The Wild Boy of Burundi.

Weinstein, Warren and Robert Schrire. Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies: A Case Study of Burundi. Syracuse University. Eastern African Studies: Publication XXIII, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs: Syracuse, 1976.

Wolbers, Marian T. Burundi. Chelsea House: 1989. ISBN 1-55546-785-7

In addition to these suggested titles, extensive slides and more information on life at post, and recent issues of the post newspaper, Tanganyika Times, are available at the Foreign Service Institute and the Overseas Briefing Center, in Rosslyn, Virginia. All prospective employees and their families should use this material, as it will answer many pre-departure questions.

All stores and offices, except for airport facilities, are closed on the following dates:

New Year’s Day	January 1
National Unity Day	February 5
Labor Day	May 1
Ascension Day	May 20 (1993)
Independence Day	July 1
Assumption Day	August 15
Anniversary of
PrinceRwagasore’s Death	October 13
All Saints’ Day	November 1
Christmas Day	December 25