Trademarks
< TMEP Index <
< Appendix B
The following is a list of members of international trademark agreements to which the United States is also a party.
The United States is not a member of the Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks, which provides an international trademark register, administered by WIPO, for member countries. Thus, registrations issued under that agreement are not acceptable as a basis for registration in the United States.
If there is a discrepancy between the expiration of a foreign registration as listed here and the date listed on the foreign registration, the date listed on the foreign registration will be controlling.
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
Under the Paris Convention, foreign applicants may seek U.S. registration, based on either (a) a valid registration, or (b) an application to register in any of the member countries listed below, with a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the foreign application. For updates to the list below, see the World Intellectual Property Organization’s home page at http://www.wipo.int/treaties/ip/paris/index.html.
Paris Convention Countries and Trademark Renewals Country Term of Registration (in years) Renewal Period (in years) ALBANIA 10 (from date of application) 10 ALGERIA 10 (from date of application) 10 ANTIGUA and BARBUDA 14 (from date of application) 14 ARGENTINA 10 (from date of registration) 10 ARMENIA (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 ARUBA 10 (from date of application) 20 AUSTRALIA 10 (from date of application) 10 AUSTRIA 10 (from end of month in which mark is registered) 10 AZBERBAIJAN (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 BAHAMAS 14 (from date of application) 14 BAHRAIN 10 (from date of application) 10 BANGLADESH 7 (from date of application) 15 BARBADOS 10 (from date of registration) 10 BELARUS (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 BELGIUM (Benelux Nations) 10 (from date of application) (1 to 10 years for service marks) 10 BENIN (African Union Nations) (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 BHUTAN 10 (from date of application) 10 BOLIVIA 10 (from date of registration) 10 BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA Unlimited as long as fees are paid (usually 10 years) Dependent on fee payment BOTSWANA 10 (from date of application) 10 BRAZIL 10 (from date of registration) 10 BULGARIA 10 (from date of application) 10 BURKINA FASO (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 BURUNDI Unlimited CAMEROON (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 CANADA 15 (from date of registration) 15 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 CHAD (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 CHILE 10 (from date of registration) 10 CHINA (PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC) 10 (from date of registration) 10 COLOMBIA 10 (from date of registration) 10 CONGO (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 Costa Rica 10 (from date of registration) 10 Côte d’Ivoire (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 CROATIA Unlimited as long as fees are paid (usually 10 years) Dependent on fee payment CUBA 10 (from date of application) 10 CYPRUS 7 (from date of application) 14 CZECH REPUBLIC 10 (from date of application) 10 DENMARK 10 (from date of registration) 10 DOMINICA 14 (from date of application) 14 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 5, 10, 15 or 20 (from date of registration) Any new period ECUADOR 10 (from date of registration) 10 EGYPT 10 (from date of application) 10 EL SALVADOR 10 (from date of registration) 10 ESTONIA 10 (from date of application) 10 FINLAND 10 (from date of registration) 10 FRANCE (including Overseas Departments and Territories) 10 (from date of application) 10 GABON (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 GAMBIA 14 (from date of application) 14 GEORGIA 10 (from date of application) 10 GERMANY 10 (beginning on filing date of application and ending the last day of the month in which the application had been filed) 10 GHANA 7 (from date of application) 14 GREECE 10 (from day following application date) 10 GRENADA Term dependent on United Kingdom registration Renewal dependent on United Kingdom registration GUATEMALA 10 (from date of registration) 10 GUINEA (OAPI) 15 (from date of application) 15 GUINEA-BISSAU 10 (from date of registration) 10 GUYANA 7 (from date of application) 14 HAITI 10 (from date of registration) 10 HOLY SEE (Italy) 10 (from date of application) 10 HONDURAS 10 (from date of registration) 10 HUNGARY 10 (from date of application) 10 ICELAND 10 (from date of registration) 10 INDIA 7 (from date of application) 7 INDONESIA 10 (from date of application) 10 IRAN 10 (from date of application) 10 IRAQ 15 (from date of application) 15 IRELAND 7 (from date of application) 14 ISRAEL 7 (from date of application) 14 ITALY 10 (from date of application); 20 (from date of application) for registrations due for renewal prior to 2004 10 IVORY COAST See CÔTE D’IVOIRE JAMAICA 7 (from date of application) 14 JAPAN 10 (from date of registration) 10 JORDAN 7 (from date of application) 14 KAZAKSTAN (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 KENYA 7 (from date of application) 14 KOREA, NORTH (DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA) 10 (from date of application) 10 KOREA, SOUTH (REPUBLIC OF KOREA) 10 (from date of registration) 10 KYRGYZSTAN (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 LAOS 10 (from date of application) 10 LATVIA 10 (from date of application) 10 LEBANON 15 (from date of application) 15 LIECHTENSTEIN 10 (from date of application) 10 LESOTHO 10 (from date of application) 10 LIBERIA 15 (from date of registration) 15 LIBYA 10 (from date of application) 10 LIECHTENSTEIN 20 (from date of application) 20 LITHUANIA 10 (from date of application) 10 LUXEMBOURG (Benelux Nations) 10 (from date of application) (1 to 10 years for service marks) 10 MADAGASCAR [1] MALAWI 7 (from date of application) 14 MALAYSIA 10 (from date of application) 10 MALI (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 MALTA 14 (from date of application) 14 MAURITANIA (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 MAURITIUS 7 (from date of application) 14 MEXICO 10 (from date of application) 10 MOLDOVA (Republic of) (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 MONACO 10 (from date of application) 10 MONGOLIA 10 (from date of application) 10 MOROCCO 20 (from date of registration) 20 MOZAMBIQUE 10 (from date of application) 10 NEPAL 7 (from date of registration) Unlimited NETHERLANDS (Benelux Nations) 10 (from date of application) (1 to 10 years for service marks) 10 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES 10 (from date of application) 20 NEW ZEALAND 7 (from date of application) 14 NICARAGUA 10 (from date of registration) 10 NIGER (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 NIGERIA 7 (from date of application) 14 NORWAY 10 (from date of registration) 10 OMAN 10 (from date of application) 10 PANAMA 10 (from date of registration) 10 PAPUA NEW GUINEA 10 (from date of application) 10 PARAGUAY 10 (from date of registration) 10 PERU 10 (from date of registration) 10 PHILIPPINES 20 (from date of registration) 20 POLAND 10 (from date of application) 10 PORTUGAL 10 (from date of registration) 10 ROMANIA 10 (from date of application) 10 RUSSIAN FEDERATION 10 (from date of application) 10 RWANDA Unlimited SAINT KITTS and NEVIS 14 (from date of application) 14 SAINT LUCIA 14 (from date of application) 14 SAINT VINCENT and the GRENADINES Term dependent on United Kingdom registration Renewal dependent on United Kingdom registration SAN MARINO [2] SENEGAL (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 SINGAPORE 10 (from date of application) 10 SIERRA LEONE 14 (from date of application) 14 SLOVAKIA 10 (from date of application) 10 SLOVENIA 10 (from date of application) 10 SOUTH AFRICA 10 (from date of application) 10 SPAIN 10 (from date of application) 10 SRI LANKA 10 (from date of application) 10 SUDAN 10 (from date of application) 10 SURINAME 10 (from date of registration) 10 SWAZILAND 10 (from date of registration) 10 SWEDEN 10 (from date of registration) 10 SWITZERLAND 10 (from date of application) 10 SYRIA 10 (from date of registration) 10 TAJIKISTAN (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 TANZANIA (United Republic of) 14 (from date of application) 14 TOBAGO See TRINIDAD and TOBAGO TOGO (OAPI) 10 (from date of application) 10 TRINIDAD and TOBAGO 10 (from date of registration) 10 TUNISIA 15 (from date of application) 15 TURKEY 10 (from date of application) 10 TURKMENISTAN (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 UGANDA 7 (from date of application) 14 UKRAINE 10 (from date of application) 10 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 10 (from date of application) 10 UNITED KINGDOM 10 (from date of application) 10 URUGUAY 10 (from date of registration) 10 UZBEKISTAN (Russian Federation) 10 (from date of application) 10 VENEZUELA 10 (from date of registration) 10 VIETNAM 10 (from date of application) 10 YUGOSLAVIA Unlimited as long as fees are paid (usually 10 years) Dependent on fee payment ZAMBIA 7 (from date of application) 14 ZIMBABWE 10 (from date of application) 10
Inter-American Convention
Under the Inter-American Convention for Trademarks and Commercial Protection (also known as the “Pan-American Convention”), foreign applicants may seek U.S. registration, based on either (a) a valid registration, or (b) an application to register in any of the member countries listed below, with a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the foreign application.
Inter-American Convention Countries and Trademark Renewals Country
Term of Registration (in years)
Renewal Period (in years)
COLOMBIA
10 (from date of registration)
10
CUBA
10 (from date of application)
10
GUATEMALA
10 (from date of registration)
10
HAITI
10 (from date of registration)
10
HONDURAS
10 (from date of registration)
10
NICARAGUA
10 (from date of registration)
10
PANAMA
10 (from date of registration)
10
PARAGUAY
10 (from date of registration)
10
PERU
10 (from date of registration)
10
Buenos Aires Convention
Under the Buenos Aires Convention for the Protection of Trade Marks and Commercial Names, foreign applicants may seek registration based on a valid registration from a member country but not based on an application in the foreign country.
Buenos Aires Convention Countries and Trademark Renewals Country
Term of Registration (in years)
Renewal Period (in years)
Bolivia
10 (from date of registration)
10
Brazil
10 (from date of registration)
10
Costa Rica
10 (from date of registration)
10
Cuba
10 (from date of application)
10
Dominican Republic
5, 10, 15 or 20 (from date of registration)
Like periods
ECUADOR
10 (from date of registration)
10
GUATEMALA
10 (from date of registration)
10
HAITI
10 (from date of registration)
10
HONDURAS
10 (from date of registration)
10
NICARAGUA
10 (from date of registration)
10
PARAGUAY
10 (from date of registration)
10
URUGUAY
10 (from date of registration)
10
European Community Trademark
On December 20, 1993, the European Council issued Regulation No. 40/94, establishing a single system of trademark registration, known as the Community Trade Mark (CTM), which is alternative to the various registration systems of each nation within the European Community. A foreign applicant may seek registration in the United States based on either (a) a valid CTM registration, or (b) a CTM application, with a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the CTM application. European Community countries include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Spain and the United Kingdom. A CTM is registered for a period of 10 years, running from the date of filing, and may be renewed for 10 years. CTM registrations are issued by the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM). For further information about the CTM, see OHIM’s website at http://oami.eu.int/.
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on January 1, 1995, is the embodiment of the results of the Uruguay Round trade negotiations and the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Article 4 of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) contains a most-favored-nation clause under which any advantage a member gives to the nationals of another member must normally be extended to the nationals of all members. Section 44(b) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. §1126(b), provides that any person whose country of origin is a party to any convention or treaty to which the United States is a member is entitled to the benefits of §44. Accordingly, foreign applicants may seek U.S. registration, based on either (a) a valid registration, or (b) an application to register in any of the member countries listed below, with a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the foreign application. The WTO Agreement entered into force in the United States on January 1, 1996. The benefits accorded to nationals under this agreement by the United States date from January 1, 1996. The following is a list of WTO members who are not currently members of the Paris Convention. WTO members who are also members of the Paris Convention are not set forth in the list below because nationals from these countries have been able to base their U.S. registration on their home country application or registration since the date of the country’s accession to the Paris Convention. For updates to the list of member below, see WTO’s home page at www.wto.org.
World Trade Organization Countries and Trademark Renewal Terms Country
Effective Date of Membership
Term of Registration (in years)
Renewal Period (in years)
ANGOLA
Nov. 23, 1996
10 (from date of application)
10
BAHRAIN
Jan. 1, 1995
10 (from date of application)
10
BELIZE
Jan. 1, 1995
Term dependent on United Kingdom registration
Renewal dependent on United Kingdom registration
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Jan. 1, 1995
7 (from date of application)
14
DJIBOUTI
May 31, 1995
10 (from date of application)
10
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
Jan. 1, 1995
10 (from date of application)
10
FIJI
Jan. 14, 1996
14 (from date of application)
14
HONG KONG
Jan. 1, 1995
7 (from date of application)
14
INDIA
Jan. 1, 1995
7 (from date of application)
7
KUWAIT
Jan. 1, 1995
10 (from date of application)
10
MACAU
Jan. 1, 1995
7 (from date of registration)
7
MALDIVES [3]
May 31, 1995
MALI
May 31, 1995
10 (from date of application)
10
MYANMAR
Jan. 1, 1995
Unlimited (from date of first use)
NAMIBIA
Jan. 1, 1995
10 (from date of registration)
10
PAKISTAN
Jan. 1, 1995
7 (from date of application)
15
QATAR
Jan. 13, 1996
10 (from date of application)
10
SLOVENIA
July 30, 1995
10 (from date of application)
10
SOLOMON ISLANDS
July 26, 1996
Term dependent on United Kingdom registration
Renewal dependent on United Kingdom registration
THAILAND
Jan. 1, 1995
10 (from date of registration)
10
Memorandum of Understanding Between United States and Taiwan
On the basis of a Memorandum of Understanding signed on April 10, 1996, between the American Institute in Taiwan and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States, a foreign applicant may seek U.S. registration based on either (a) a valid registration, or (b) an application filed in Taiwan, and may claim a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the application in Taiwan. See notice published in the Official Gazette on May 7, 1996 [1186 TMOG 50]. A registration in Taiwan is valid for 10 years from the date of registration, and may be renewed for 10 years.
Other Countries Offering Reciprocal Registration
Rights to United States Applicants
Applicants from countries that are not members of international trademark agreements to which the United States is also a party may register in the United States based upon their home country registration if their home country provides reciprocal registration rights to U.S. applicants. Following is a partial list of such countries. A claim of priority based on a foreign-filed application (15 U.S.C. §1126(d)) is not usually available to these applicants.
If the country is not on the following list, the examining attorney should require an English copy of the foreign trademark statute providing for reciprocal registration rights to U.S. applicants based on a U.S. registration.
Other Countries that Provide Reciprocal Rights to United States Applicants Country
Term of Registration (in years)
Renewal Period (in years)
SEYCHELLES
7 (from date of application)
14
TONGA
Term dependent on United Kingdom registration
Renewal dependent on United Kingdom registration
TUVALU
Term dependent on United Kingdom registration
Renewal dependent on United Kingdom registration
Additional Resources For Information About International Treaties and the Trademark Laws of Foreign Countries
For further information about the trademark laws of foreign countries, see Trademarks Throughout the World (J. M. Politi, 4th ed. 2000) and World Trademark Law and Practice (Ethan Horwitz, 2nd ed. 2001).
The United States Department of State puts out a list of members of treaties currently in force, available at http://www.state.gov/www/global/legal_affairs/tifindex.html.
Information about the United Nations treaty collection is available at http://untreaty.un.org/English/treaty.asp.
[1] A new industrial property law covering patents, trademarks and designs was promulgated in Madagascar on July 31, 1989. Certain regulations have been promulgated, notably those covering the appointment of local trademark agents. In addition, due to Madagascar's prior involvement in OAPI, trademark owners can claim rights in OAPI registrations filed before December 31, 1976. December 9, 1994 was the cut-off date for filing Maintenance in Vigour applications. Because rights in Madagascar are acquired on a first-to-file basis, trademark registration applications should be filed as soon as is possible. Trademarks may be protected through publication of cautionary notices. Trademarks Throughout the World (J. M. Politi, 4th ed. 2000).
[2] San Marino has no trademark law. However, trademark protection obtained in Italy applies here by virtue of the Pact Of Amity And Good Neighborhood, dated March 31, 1939. Trademarks Throughout the World (J. M. Politi, 4th ed. 2000).
[3] There is no trademark law in effect in the Republic of Maldives, whose closest financial ties are with India. The only means of obtaining protection is by publishing a cautionary note in the English section of a Maldives newspaper. Trademarks Throughout the World (J. M. Politi, 4th ed. 2000).
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