Patterns of Global Terrorism. Washington: U.S. Dept. of State.
http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/
This online publication includes a link to annual editions dating
back to 1995 as well as biannual editions of Foreign Terrorist
Organizations Designations, and the annual Significant
Incidents of Political Violence Against Americans from 1995
to 1998. Patterns of Global Terrorism includes useful appendices
such as "Background Information on Terrorist Groups"
which provides material on al-Qaida established by Usama Bin Ladin.
Terrorism. Dudley Knox Library,
Naval Postgraduate School
http://web.nps.navy.mil/~library/terrorism.htm
The site contains an excellent selection of links to a wide selection
of sources on terrorism.
Defend America
http://www.defendamerica.mil/
This Department of Defense website includes links to a wide range
of official U.S. military and government sources relating to Operation
Enduring Freedom and the struggle against terrorism.
FirstGov
http://www.firstgov.gov
This website/portal provides one-stop-shopping for official U.S.
government information. The section titled "America Responds
to Terrorism" contains a comprehensive collection of links
to information from all agencies on bioterrorism, handling suspicious
mail, bomb threats, victim assistance, travel concerns, and protecting
yourself and your country.
Attack on America: Osama bin Laden,
the Taliban and Terrorism
http://www.lib.ecu.edu/govdoc/terrorism.html
This East Carolina University site contains links to numerous
useful sources including recent Congressional Research Service
reports.
America's War on Terrorism: World
Trade Center/Pentagon Terrorism and the Aftermath
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/usterror.html
This University of Michigan website contains a wealth of sources.
America on Alert: The War Against
Terrorism
http://www.nwc.navy.mil/library/6America%20On%20Alert/AmericaOnAlert.htm.
This Naval War College Library site contains useful sources including
bibliographies on political Islam and homeland defense/domestic
terrorism as well as links to Congressional Research Service reports
concerning terrorism.
General Accounting Office
http://www.gao.gov
This website contains many reports on homeland and aviation security,
combating terrorism, and defense against chemical and biological
weapons.
Centers for Disease Control
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/
Includes homeland defense material such as the report "Biological
and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response,"
and information on the national pharmaceutical stockpile, and
defense against smallpox attack.
Terrorism: Background and Threat
Assessments
http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/terror.htm
The Federation of American Scientists has assembled links to a
wide range of useful sources. They also provide information and
links concerning the Taliban: http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/taleban.htm.
The World Factbook 2001
http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/
This Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) publication includes a
section on Afghanistan and other countries accused of harboring
terrorists. Information is provided on each country including
a map and data on the government, military, communications, geography,
communications, and transnational issues.
CIA Electronic Document Release
Center
http://www.foia.ucia.gov/
Using the search engine will locate historic sanitized CIA documents
relating to terrorism.
University of Texas Perry-Castañeda
Library Map Collection
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/
This site includes an extensive selection of maps of Afghanistan
including maps produced by the CIA and historic maps. Maps relating
to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks are available for the
Pentagon, World Trade Center, and the Pennsylvania crash site
of United Airlines Flight 93.
The Rand Corporation
http://www.rand.org
This site provides several recent online publications on terrorism.
A section titled "Research Areas" includes a subsection
titled "National Security" with further information
on terrorism.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI)
http://www.fbi.gov
Provides useful information on terrorism including photographs
of the hijackers associated with the 11 September 2001 terrorist
attacks, as well as press releases. The site also includes a "ten
most wanted fugitives" section and a publications section
which includes the online publication CONPLAN--U.S. Government
Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan.
The website's search engine will locate numerous items relating
to terrorism.
U.S. Coast Guard
http://www.uscg.mil/news/cgnews.shtm
The "News and Events" section includes articles on port,
harbor, and other security activities.
Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA)
http://www.fema.gov
Contains information on the recovery from the Pentagon and New
York terrorist attacks, as well as advice on how to talk to children
about terrorist attacks, information about urban search and rescue,
and fact sheets on terrorism.
National Security Archives
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/
Provides an extremely useful selection of official documents concerning
terrorism. Documents to be posted shortly will include lessons
from the Soviet war in Afghanistan, U.S. policy and planning for
"Low-Intensity Conflict," CIA guidelines on the recruitment
of agents, and the use of assassination in U.S. foreign policy.
Countering the Changing Threat
of International Terrorism: Report from the National Commission
on Terrorism. Washington:
National Commission on Terrorism, 2000.
http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/commission.html
Defense Threat Reduction Agency.
http://www.dtra.mil/
In the "News and Information"section under "Threat
Reduction Literature" is a bibliography on weapons of mass
destruction.
U.N. Action Against Terrorism
http://www.un.org/terrorism/
Provides a useful global perspective on terrorism.
"Homeland Defense and Domestic
Terrorism: A Selected Bibliography." Library Notes
[Naval War College, Newport RI] 29, no.2 (Oct. 2000).
http://www.nwc.navy.mil/library/3Publications/Eccles%20Library/LibNotes/libhomelandef.htm
Chemical, Biological, and Nuclear
Terrorism/Warfare: A Bibliography.
Dudley Knox Library, Naval Postgraduate School.
http://library.nps.navy.mil/home/bibs/chemtoc.htm
Terrorist and Insurgent Organizations. Air University Library, Maxwell Air
Force Base, Alabama.
http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/tergps/tg98tc.htm
"Nuclear Terrorism: Published
Literature Since 1992." U.S. Army Command and General Staff
College. Military Review 77, no.4 (Jul.-Aug. 1997):
http://www-cgsc.army.mil/milrev/english/julaug97/sanz.htm
Terrorism: A Guide to Library
Resources for Anthropology. Adelaide University Library, Australia.
http://www.library.adelaide.edu.au/guide/soc/anthro/subj/terror.html
Chronology of Significant Terrorist
Incidents.
http://web.nps.navy.mil/~library/tgp/chrnmain.htm
These chronologies have been extracted by the Naval Postgraduate
School from annual editions of the State Department's publication
Patterns of Global Terrorism.
Database: Terrorist Incidents
1945 to 1998. Center for International Defense and Security Studies
located at Department of Politics and International Relations
at Lancaster University, United Kingdom.
http://www.cdiss.org/terror.htm
Casualties: U.S. Navy and Marine
Corps Personnel Killed and Wounded in Wars, Conflicts, Terrorist
Acts, and Other Hostile Incidents.
http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq56-1.htm
See the post-World War II section of the chronology for terrorist
incidents.
The U.S. Navy Office of Information
http://www.navy.mil
The "Navy News Stand" includes articles relating to
the struggle against terrorism.
USS Cole Investigating
Officers Report
http://foia.navy.mil/USSCOLE
Defense Link
http://www.defenselink.mil/index.html
This Department of Defense website includes links to terrorism-related
articles, including some Navy information.
Casualties: U.S. Navy and Marine
Corps Personnel Killed and Wounded in Wars, Conflicts, Terrorist
Acts, and Other Hostile Incidents.
http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq56-1.htm.
See the post-World War II portion of the chronology for terrorist
incidents.
Definition
of Terrorism
[Source: Patterns of Global Terrorism. Washington:
Dept. of State, 2001: vi]
No one definition of terrorism has gained universal acceptance. For the purposes of this report, however, we have chosen the definition of terrorism contained in Title 22 of the United States Code, Section 2656f(d). That statute contains the following definitions:
The term "terrorism" means premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant (1) targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.
The term "international terrorism" means terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than one country.
The term "terrorist group" means any group practicing, or that has significant subgroups that practice, international terrorism.
The U.S. Government has employed this definition of terrorism for statistical and analytical purposes since 1983.
Domestic terrorism is probably a more widespread phenomenon than international terrorism. Because international terrorism has a direct impact on U.S. interests, it is the primary focus of this report. However, the report also describes, but does not provide statistics on, significant developments in domestic terrorism.
(1) For purposes of this definition, the term "noncombatant" is interpreted to include, in addition to civilians, military personnel who at the time of the incident are unarmed and/or not on duty. For example, in past reports we have listed as terrorist incidents the murders of the following U.S. military personnel: Col. James Rowe, killed in Manila in April 1989; Capt. William Nordeen, U.S. defense attache killed in Athens in June 1988; the two servicemen killed in the La Belle disco bombing in West Berlin in April 1986; and the four off-duty U.S. Embassy Marine guards killed in a cafe in El Salvador in June 1985. We also consider as acts of terrorism attacks on military installations or on armed military personnel when a state of military hostilities does not exist at the site, such as bombings against U.S. bases in Europe, the Philippines, or elsewhere.
7 November 2003