Alternatives
Searches
Alternatives in Education Database -
Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights (AVAR)- Online
searchable database of alternatives to harming or killing nonhuman animals
used in education.
American Physiological Society Education Homepage-
The Society supports a variety of educational activities, from the
elementary grades through continuing education for faculty.
Materials, resources, and programs are offered at each educational level.
European Resource Centre for Alternatives
to animal use in higher education (EURCA)- The Centre actively
promotes the use of alternatives to using animals in higher education by
hosting an alternatives database which includes full descriptions of
alternatives, reviews, descriptions and other educational materials. The
Centre plans to include much more information in the future.
Humane Education Loan Program (HELP)- The Humane Society of the
United States loans CD-ROMs, videotapes, three-dimensional models, and
other materials to students and teachers for use in place of alternatives
to dissecting and vivisecting animals in the classroom. They also operate
a CD-ROM donation program.
International Network for Humane Education (InterNICHE)-
Provides news and comprehensive information on alternatives to animal
experiments and the modernisation of life science curricula.
Relevant for teachers and students of biological science and veterinary and
human medicine, as well as university ethics committees, legislators,
civil rights and animal protection groups.
Meeting the Information Requirements of the Animal Welfare Act-
The Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (NAL) offers a one and a half day
workshop for individuals who are responsible for providing information to
meet the requirements of the Animal Welfare Act.
Teaching Lab
Animal Techniques (Norwegian Reference Centre for Laboratory Animal
Science & Alternatives)- Contains links to resources on
bleeding and intravenous techniques, animal research techniques, online
training programs, experimental design and techniques and other laboratory
animal training materials.
The
Alternatives Concept
- Andrew Rowan discusses the concept of the
three Rs: Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement.
ALTEX
-
A primarily German language journal that addresses the 3R's of
Alternatives (Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement).
Current Status and Future Developments of Databases on Alternative
Methods: The report and recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 25- A
1998 international report that lists factual databases related to
alternatives, what they offer, lack, and recommendations for
improvements.
IACUCS and AWIC: The Search for Alternatives - Tim Allen and D'Anna Jensen discuss the literature search for alternatives, investigator misinterpretations, and AWIC
assistance. Published in the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing Newsletter.
Literature Searches and the IACUC -- Protocol Review:
Three articles on literature searching for alternatives -
For Literature Searches, Is Medline Enough?;
Perception of an Adequate Literature Search; Stepping on Stone. Published in Lab Animal, 33(2), February 2004.
Why Conduct
Literature Searches for Alternatives? - Mike Kreger reviews the
legislation, rationale, and benefits of the alternatives literature
search.
AWIC Tips for
Searching for Alternatives to Animal Research and Testing
- Cynthia Smith provides guidance for developing and executing a
literature search for alternatives.
Retrieval Approaches for Information on Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments:
Report and Recommendations of the International Workshop
- Workshop held in Berlin in 2003 at ZEBET, Centre for Documentation and
Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments, in the BfR, the German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment.
Murine Local
Lymph Node Assay: A Test Method for
Assessing the Allergenic Contact Dermatitis Potential of
Chemicals/Compounds - A 1999 report by the Interagency
Coordinating Committtee on the Validation of Alternative Methods, National
Institutes of Health.
Principles of Humane Experimental Technique- The book by W.M.S.
Russell and R.L. Burch, originally published in 1959, introduces the
concepts of the three Rs. This landmark publication is posted on the
ALTWEB site.
Proceedings for Pain Management and Humane Endpoints- From a CAAT, NIH, NAS conference held in November, 1998. Topics include philosophy, assessment, alleviation, and policies
for the regulation of pain.
AGRICOLA- National
Agricultural Library database containing citations for books, articles,
and audiovisuals in agricultural and veterinary sciences.
Alternatives in Education Database -
Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights (AVAR)- Online
searchable database of alternatives to harming or killing nonhuman animals
used in education.
Alternatives to
Animal Testing Bibliography- Produced several times per year by the
National Libarary of Medicine. Citations include articles, books,
chapters, and technical reports on methods, tests, assays, and other
procedures with emphasis on toxicology.
Alternatives to Skin Irritation
Testing in Animals- Jane Huggins, Ph.D. maintains this site for
educational use. Contains 210 abstracts from peer-reviewed
journals.
Altweb-
Contains reference material and news about all aspects of alternatives in
animal research. Includes general, educational, scientific, and regulatory
resources. Also contains conference proceedings,
books, and reports.
Compilation of
Literature on the Assessment of Animal Welfare and Animal
Distress- Over 600 journal citations including some with links
to the full text documents. Also includes links to regulatory
websites.
Computer Retrieval of Information on
Scientific Projects (CRISP)- Searchable database of federally
funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals,
and other research institutions. Maintained by the Office of Extramural
Research, National Institutes of Health.
Current Contents Connect- Produced by Thomson ISI, includes recent listings of
scientific literature in Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences,
Social & Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Medicine, Life Sciences, Physical,
Chemical & Earth Sciences, and Engineering, Computing & Technology.
Current
Research Information System (CRIS)- Lists USDA-sponsored
projects.
DIALOG
- Multidatabase system vendor. Requires password.
DTIC- Defense Technology
Information Center contains unclassified U.S. Department of Defense
technical reports and research and development summaries.
Galileo Databank (not currently available online)-
The Galileo databank collects toxicology data
of alternative studies, mostly related to the field of cosmetics testing.
The databank contains factual data on over 800 ingredients, over 300
cosmetic formulations, 50 methods, 26 animal models, and over 100
biosystems, with a total of nearly 21,000 individual results. While not
currently available online, printouts are sent to enquirers. Contact:
Gregorio Loprieno, Technical Services SAS, Via Vecchia Lucchese 59,
I-56123 Pisa, Italy. Tel: +39 50 555 685, FAX: +39 50 555 687
Guide To
Searching for Alternatives to the Use of Laboratory
Animals- Includes search basics, terms, strategies, and list of
free databases. This guide assumes no previous knowledge of search
techniques nor of the facilities available for obtaining information from
the Internet. Provided by FRAME (Fund for the Replacement of Animals in
Medical Experiments).
HealthGate- Contains access to
medical and biomedical databases such as MEDLINE, AIDSLINE, CancerLit,
BIOETHICSLINE.
Information on Alternatives
Databases- Produced by The Norwegian Reference Centre for
Laboratory Animal Science and Alternatives. Describes databases addressing
all aspects of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animal
experiments.
MEDLINE
-
MEDLINE®(Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online) is the
U.S. National Library of Medicine's (NLM) premier bibliographic database
that contains over 12 million references to journal articles in life
sciences with a concentration on biomedicine. It can be searched via
PubMed®
or the NLM Gateway.
Multicentre Evaluation of In vitro Cytotoxicology Database
(MEIC)- The MEIC database contains in vitro data for
the 50 MEIC reference chemicals, as well as the methodology of the used
in vitro assays.
NLM Gateway-
The NLM Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously
in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches
from one Web interface, providing "one-stop searching" for many of
NLM's information resources or databases.
NORINA- Produced by The
Norwegian Reference Centre for Laboratory Animal Science and Alternatives.
Lists over 3600 audiovisual resources with contact information for use as
adjuncts and alternatives to using animals in education. Includes 3-D
models, computer simulations, videos, films, slides, and other
media.
OVID- Multidatabase vendor.
Requires password.
PubMed- PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine,
provides access to over 12 million MEDLINE citations back to the mid-1960's
and additional life science journals.
The PubMed database is made available
via the NCBI Entrez retrieval
system. Entrez is the text-based search and retrieval system used
at NCBI for all major databases including MEDLINE, Nucleotide, and
Protein Sequences, Protein Structures, Complete Genomes,
Taxonomy, OMIM, and many others.
Refinement and Environmental Enrichment for All Laboratory Animals-
This information resource is a merger of the two databases on refinement &
enrichment for
non-primate and primate
laboratory animals. It disseminates reference material on all aspects of
refinement of housing and handling conditions and environmental enrichment
for ALL animals kept in research, testing and teaching institutions. This
database comprises published articles, abstracts, book chapters, books,
photos, and videotapes. Entries have been read/screened and annotated by
the authors to guarantee their relevance to the topic.
TEXTBASE- Produced by
The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Laboratory Animal Unit.
Searchable database of approximately 740 current text books within the
field of laboratory animal science.
Transgenic/Targeted Mutation
Database (TBASE)- Searchable database of information on
transgenic animals and targeted mutations generated and analyzed
worldwide.
TOXNET- Access
to toxicology databases including RTECS, Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances, and CCRIS, Chemical Carcinogenesis Research
Information System.
VETBASE- 13,000 dosages of
veterinary drugs. Requires password.
2nd World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences
Abstract Database (Utrecht, The Netherlands, October 20-24,
1996) - This database containing all the abstracts of presentations
at the Congress is available for IBM Windows machines. The database is
available for downloaded. This file (1070 kB) must be unpacked using the
shareware program pkunzip. Type 'pkunzip setup.zip' on your local
computer, run the Setup.exe program and follow the instructions on the
screen. The database has been constructed by Dr. Hans Kuiper j.d.kuiper@accu.uu.nl of the PREX
project.
ZEBET Database on
Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments- Available through
DIMDI (German Institute for Medical Documentation & Information).
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European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods
(ECVAM)- The reference centre, at an international level, for
the development, scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative
testing methods aimed at replacing, reducing or refining the use of
laboratory animals. Also see the Scientific Information
Service
Fund for the Replacement of Animals in
Medical Experiments (FRAME)- Contains international legislation,
links, history, publications, news, and general information about
alternatives.
Grupo de Trabajo
Especializado en Métodos Alternativos (GTEMA) ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA de TOXICOLOGÍA
(AET)- Spanish Group on Alternative Methods. Available in
Spanish and English.
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Training and Learning Consortium- Resources for IACUCs including
forms, institutional research policies, meetings, regulation updates,
training materials, and other web-based resources. Hosted by the American
Association for Laboratory Animal Science.
Interagency Coordinating Committee
for the Evaluation of Alternative Methods- ICCVAM and its
supporting center, NICEATM (the National Toxicology Program Interagency
Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods),
coordinate the development, validation, acceptance, and harmonization of
alternative toxicological test methods throughout the U.S. Federal
government.
Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to
Animal Testing (CAAT)- Information about grants, in vitro
toxicology, and validation of alternatives program. Includes CAAT
Newsletter and CAATALYST (for middle school students).
Laboratory Animal Welfare Training
Exchange - A membership site for trainers, training
coordinators, and IACUC administrators. Includes meeting proceedings and
listserve. Hosted by the American Association for Laboratory Animal
Science.
Netherlands Center Alternatives to Animal
Use (NCA)- The NCA stimulates development, validation, and
application of alternatives to animal experiments in the
Netherlands.
The Norwegian Reference Centre
for Laboratory Animal Science and Alternatives (NORINA)- Lists
over 3600 audiovisual resources with contact information for use as
adjuncts and alternatives to using animals in education. Includes 3-D
models, computer simulations, videos, films, slides, and other
media.
University
of California Center for Animal Alternatives- Contains UC
Alert Newsletter, resources on monoclonal antibody production,
searching for alternatives, information resource guides, and workshop
proceedings.
Go to:
AWIC Home Page
Top of Document
The Animal Welfare Information Center
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Ave.
Beltsville, MD 20705-2351
Phone: (301) 504-6212
FAX: (301) 504-7125
E-mail: awic@nal.usda.gov
Disclaimers
Updated September 30, 2004
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/alternatives/alternat.htm
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