Presentation: FDA’s CLIA Complexity Process
Clara A. Sliva, MT(ASCP), MPA
Acting CLIA Coordinator
FDA
IVD Roundtable 510(k) Workshop - April 23, 2002
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Expected Outcomes
- What is CLIA ’88
- Key Features
- Who are the players
- FDA and CLIA
- CLIA regulations
- What is categorization
- What requires categorization
- What is not regulated under CLIA
- How FDA categorizes tests
-CDRH
-CBER
- "Automatic" categorizations
- Specific requests for categorizations
- Categorization notifications: letter, internet
- Where do you go for help
What is CLIA
- Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA)
- Enacted as result of reports of inaccurate test results from Pap smears
- Questions were raised about how labs functioned and what quality control
procedures existed
- Comprehensive plan to improve the quality of labs
- 1987 = 12,000/200,000 labs regulated
- 2002 = 170,000 labs
Who are the Players
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (formerly HCFA) oversees CLIA
- CLIA self-funded
- User fees from regulated labs
- CMS pays FDA for CLIA categorization commercially marketed tests
- CDC categorizes lab procedures
--Provider performed microscopy
--Gram stain
DCLD’s Players
- Lisa King
- Renita Hoard
- Dr. Joe Hackett
- Dr. Steve Gutman
- CLIA team represents all Branches
Key Features
- Standards based on complexity of testing, NOT lab site
- How complex it is for the analyst to run the test
-e.g. training, knowledge, interpretation
FDA and CLIA
- 1992 CLIA regulations
- FDA responsible for complexity categorization
- 1993-94 FDA categorized >900 tests
- 1994 CDC delegated responsibility
- Resources, funding issues
- Impetus for change
- Manufacturers
- Congress
- "Confusion and duplication of effort"
- CDC, HCFA, FDA consensus
- Interagency agreement 2/27/99
- HCFA, CDC, FDA = CLIA partners
What Regulations Govern Categorization
- 42 CFR 493.17, categorization of specific laboratory tests by level of complexity
- Moderate, high
- 7 Criteria
Moderate, High
42 CFR 493.17
- Knowledge
- Training and experience
- Characteristics of operational Steps
- Calibration, QC, PT materials
- Troubleshooting, Maintenance
- Interpretation and judgment
- 7 criteria scored as 1, 2, or 3
- Score of 1 = minimum
- Score of 3 = specialized
- Total scores of 12 or < = moderate
- 13 or > = high
- e.g. PCR = high complexity
Categorization Regulations
- 42 CFR 493.15 (c) 9 generic tests
- Categorized by regulation
- Automatically waived
- But still requires review and notification from FDA
- Requires posting categorization on website
Generic 9
493.15 (c)
- dipstick and tablet reagent urinalysis
- fecal occult blood
- ovulation tests
- urine pregnancy tests
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- hemoglobin (copper sulfate)
- blood glucose devices (FDA-cleared for OTC use)
- spun microhematocrit
- hemoglobin single analyte instruments (1993)
Most Common Waived Tests
- Urine pregnancy - 34%
- All other tests - 20%
- Blood glucose (OTC) - 18%
- Urine dipstick/tablet chemistries-19%
- Ovulation tests - 5%
- Fecal occult blood - 4%
Categorization Regulations
- CMS and PHS Sept 13, 1995 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
- Clarified statutory criteria for obtaining waiver
- Guidelines list the criteria
- Final rule pending
CMS/PHS Waiver Criteria
- Defined simplicity, low risk
- Defined accuracy as comparison to reference materials, methods
- Precision field studies in hands of lay user
- Studies distinct from FDA premarket review
Categorization Regulations
- Food and Drug Modernization Act Nov. 21, 1997
- Clarifies OTC tests automatically waived.
- But still requires categorization notification letter from FDA
- Requires posting categorization on website
OTC
- Growing number OTC tests
-drugs of abuse
-cholesterol
-vaginal ph
-microalbumin
-follicle stimulating hormone
Prescription Home Use
- Prescription home use is an Rx device physician instructs patient to use
in home
- FDA devices are OTC or Rx
- Any device used in the home that is not OTC
- Examples - prothrombin time, hemoglobin A1c
What is Categorization
- Process of assigning new commercially marketed tests to one of 3
CLIA categories: waived, moderate, high
- The key to understanding categorization; the analyst/operator and
the complexity of testing
What Requires Categorization
- Categorization applies to all laboratory test systems on materials derived
from the human body conducted for the purpose of diagnosis, prevention or
treatment, or assessment of the health
- Plain Language:
- Commercially marketed tests produce a result
Not Categorized
Produce no test result
- Quality Control
- Calibrators
- Collection kits
--drugs of abuse
--hepatitis C
Not currently regulated under CLIA
- Non-invasive (laser hematocrit)
- Breath tests (h. pylori, alcohol)
- Drugs of abuse - Workplace
- Monitoring devices
How FDA Categorizes
- Centers for Devices and Radiological Health
- Centers for Biologics Evaluation and Research
CDRH Categorizes
- Pre-amendment
- 510(k) exempt test systems
- New Premarket Notification 510(k) e.g. special 510(k)s
- New Premarket Approvals (original, supplement)
- New Humanitarian Device Exemptions (original, supplement)
- 510(k) add-to-files
-Replacement reagents
-Manufacturer name change
-Relabel
- Previously uncategorized test systems
Automatic Categorizations
- Manufacturer submits premarket submission to Document Mail Center
- Categorization in conjunction with product review
- CLIA notification accompanies clearance, approval order or follows shortly
after
Automatic Categorization, Replacement Reagents
- Well characterized analyzers for use by lab professionals.
- Previously cleared analyzers and reagents
- Claim is made for a new reagent/analyzer combination.
- New analyzer family members of a previously cleared analyzer family.
Automatic Categorization
- Replacement reagent
-Replacement reagents require a package insert with the new instrument/reagent
combination
-CLIA notification follows shortly after
-Categorization posted on website
Categorization by Request
- Change in company name (e.g. Now GWB, formerly WJC)
- Relabel
- Not previously categorized
-defaults to high complexity
- Submit new labeling to FDA
- Document Mail Center, HFZ-401, 9200 Corporate Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850
- "For CLIA Categorization Only"
- Reference original 510(k) number
- CLIA categorization performed
- Notification letter to manufacturer
- Categorization posted on website
- Categorization by Request
- Exempt from 510(k), CLIA required
- Submit new labeling to FDA
- "For CLIA Categorization Only"
- Cite regulation, product code
- DCLD assigns "X" document number
- CLIA categorization performed
- CLIA letter issued
- Categorization posted on CLIA website
- Waiver via CMS/PHS 1995 Criteria
- Test cleared or approved to apply for waiver through process
- FDA approves waiver protocol
- Waiver studies begin
CBER
- Manufacturer submits request for product review to CBER
- When test is cleared, approved, licensed CBER sends test instructions to
Clara Sliva
- CBER test logged into CDRH CLIA database using CBER document number: BK,
BP, BL, PL
- CBER reviewer consults on categorization
- Notification letter issued by CDRH
- Categorization posted on CLIA website
Categorization Notification Letter
- FDA’s document number is the key
- "k001111" - new 510(k) CDRH
- "BL002222" - new BLA CBER
- "k001111/A1" - new trade name
- complexity
- test system name
- analyte name
FDA’s CLIA Workload
- 1/18/00 - 4/22/02
- 3,642 categorized
- 3,121 - moderate
- 521 -high
- 301 - waived
>3,121 Tests Categorized
(graph showing approximately 70% Moderate, 28% High and 4% Waived)
Benefits
- Streamlined administrative process
- One stop agency for marketing and categorization
- Reviewer familiar with the products
- Categorization, no impediment to clearance or approval
- Improved turn around time, decision
FDA’s CLIA Website
- http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/clia/
- "Government Google" for current CLIA information
- Lists all waived analytes and tests
- Links to CMS, CDC websites
- CLIA database
CLIA Database
Search CLIA Database
- Search for CLIA records by
-test system name
-specialty/subspecialty
-analyte
-document number
-qualifier (reagent application) e.g. SLIVA Analyzer/Dr. Gutman reagent
-effective date
-complexity
Tips
- You may enter the entire test name
- But most successful if you enter the first word or two
- Or just the first few letters
- e.g. first few letters of manufacturer name
Mastering the CLIA Database
- Manufacturer Test System
- Qualifier
- Analyte
- Document Number
- Complexity
- Analyte
- Specialty
- Effective Date (mm/dd/yyyy)
- Sort one or a combination of the values and select Search:
Publication of Categorizations
- Monthly on FDA’s CLIA Home Page
- Federal Register Notice, interval to be determined
What We Have Learned
- Multiple stakeholders
- Labs
- Providers
- Patients
- Manufacturers
- Government
Over 28,600 Categorizations
- Laboratory Inspectors, Laboratories, Manufacturers, and Other Stakeholders
Want to Know
CLIA INFORMATION
http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/clia
clia@cdrh.fda.gov
phone (301) 827-0496
fax (301)827-1401
Updated 4/29/2002
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